Measuring Agenda Diversity in an Elastic Medium: Candidate Position Papers

1992 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 938-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh M. Culbertson

Analysis of position papers of 12 (of 13) presidential candidates in the 1988 election year finds that the more liberal the candidate, the greater the agenda diversity of his position papers. Also discovered in this content analysis study is that candidates who remained longest in the race display greatest agenda diversity. The study suggests that it would be fruitful if future studies determine if candidate diversity is reflected in audience learning.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjali Mathur ◽  
Bradley Kerr

BACKGROUND Among adolescents, low self-esteem is associated with depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation. Self-esteem during adolescence is vulnerable and may be influenced by beauty- related YouTube videos, which have become increasingly common in recent years. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to understand how viewers respond to beauty videos on YouTube by evaluating the prevalence of positive and negative self-esteem expressed in the comment section. METHODS In this content analysis study, popular beauty YouTube content creators were identified and their two most recent videos with the term “makeup” or “palette” in the title were selected. For each content creator, two videos were selected, and the most recent 20 comments were evaluated for their referenced to positive and negative self-esteem and tone. RESULTS A total of 240 total comments were analyzed from 12 beauty related YouTube videos. Among the comments evaluated, 5.4% (n=13) referenced positive self-esteem and 6.2% (n=15) referenced negative self-esteem. Of the comments evaluated, 65.4% (n=157) of comments indicated positive tone and 17.5% (n=42) referenced negative tone. Of the positive toned comments, 2.9% (n=7) referenced negative self-esteem. CONCLUSIONS Most comments referenced positive tone; however, commenters sometimes reported negative effects on their self-esteem. Similar amounts of positive and negative self-esteem references suggest that beauty related YouTube videos can both positively and negatively affect self-esteem. However, our findings are unable to predict in which way self-esteem may be affected. Future studies should further investigate the self-esteem effects on viewers from beauty related videos. CLINICALTRIAL NA


2021 ◽  
pp. 053331642110076
Author(s):  
Christian Peter Endler ◽  
Angelika Enzian ◽  
Günter Dietrich ◽  
Stefan Schacht ◽  
Gabriele Sachs

What perceptions do group participants have about silent observers, what transferences are involved, what function can the listeners have for the group? In an anonymous survey and evaluation based on content analysis, almost all participants reported positive, and two thirds also negative impressions and perceptions. Observers were perceived as being familiar or supportive and as threatening or constraining to an approximately equal extent. There was no outright demonization or perception of a divide between the group leader(s) and the observers, as described in the older literature. Group participants also appear to perceive observers as representatives of their own superego, which are ‘silenced’.


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