“Next, it will be you”: Women’s Fear of Victimization and Precautionary Safety Behaviors in Informal Settlement Communities in Nairobi, Kenya

2021 ◽  
pp. 107780122110457
Author(s):  
Samantha C. Winter ◽  
Nathan J. Aguilar ◽  
Lena M. Obara ◽  
Laura Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Safety Behaviors ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Fear Of Victimization ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach ◽  
Depth Interviews

Around one billion people live in informal settlements globally, including over half of Nairobi, Kenya’s 3 million residents. The purpose of this study was to explore women’s fear of victimization within Mathare, an informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya and how fear of victimization influences women’s behaviors. Fifty-five in-depth interviews were conducted with women in 2015–2016. A modified grounded theory approach guided data collection and analysis. Findings suggest fear of victimization is a serious concern in informal settlements, but women have found ways to adapt their behaviors to cope and to continue to function and protect their children despite fearing victimization.

scholarly journals “Next, It Will Be You”: Women's Fear of Victimization and Precautionary Safety Behaviors in Informal Settlement Communities in Nairobi, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Winter ◽  
Nathan Jason Aguilar ◽  
Lena Moraa Obara ◽  
Laura Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Fear Of Victimization ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Individual Strategies ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach ◽  
Depth Interviews

Around one billion people live in informal settlements, globally, including over half of Nairobi, Kenya’s three million residents. The purpose of this study was to explore women’s fear of victimization within Mathare, an informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya and how fear of victimization influences behavior. Fifty-five in-depth interviews were conducted with women in 2016. A modified grounded theory approach guided data collection and analysis. Findings suggest fear of victimization is a serious concern in informal settlements. Women have found ways to adopt their behaviors that allow them to continue to function and protect their children despite fearing victimization, but at a potential cost to their health and well-being. Thus, there is a critical need for more research focused on social, economic, structural, community, infrastructure, technological, and individual strategies to prevent violence, enhance residents’ sense of safety, and, subsequently, minimize women’s fear of victimization in informal settlements.

scholarly journals “Next, It Will Be You”: Women's Fear of Victimization and Precautionary Safety Behaviors in Informal Settlement Communities in Nairobi, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Winter ◽  
Lena Moraa Obara ◽  
Nathan Jason Aguilar ◽  
Laura Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Fear Of Victimization ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Individual Strategies ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach ◽  
Depth Interviews

Around one billion people live in informal settlements, globally, including over half of Nairobi, Kenya’s three million residents. The purpose of this study was to explore women’s fear of victimization within Mathare, an informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya and how fear of victimization influences behavior. Fifty-five in-depth interviews were conducted with women in 2016. A modified grounded theory approach guided data collection and analysis. Findings suggest fear of victimization is a serious concern in informal settlements. Women have found ways to adopt their behaviors that allow them to continue to function and protect their children despite fearing victimization, but at a potential cost to their health and well-being. Thus, there is a critical need for more research focused on social, economic, structural, community, infrastructure, technological, and individual strategies to prevent violence, enhance residents’ sense of safety, and, subsequently, minimize women’s fear of victimization in informal settlements.

scholarly journals Breaking the Cycle: Women’s Perceptions of the Causes of Violence and Crime in Informal Settlements in Nairobi, Kenya and their Strategies for Response and Prevention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Winter ◽  
Lena Moraa Obara ◽  
Nathan Jason Aguilar ◽  
Laura Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Women’S Perceptions ◽  
Causes Of Violence ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach

The purpose of this study was to identify potential causes of violence and crime in informal settlements and residents’ strategies for response and prevention to these issues, as perceived by women living in Mathare informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya. A total of 55 in-depth interviews were conducted with women living in the informal settlement in 2015-2016. A modified grounded theory approach was used to guide data collection and analysis. The most common contributor to violence and crime identified by women in Mathare informal settlement was idle youth, but leadership and government challenges, corruption and/or inadequacy of police, community barriers, tribalism, and lack of protective infrastructure also emerged as contributing factors. Despite facing many economic, environmental, and day-to-day challenges, women in Mathare identified violence and crime as predominant issues; thus, developing effective response and prevention strategies to these issues in informal settlements is paramount. Women suggest there are many strategies and initiatives to reduce and prevent violence and crime in informal settlements, but also identified barriers to implementing them. Findings suggest there is a need for trust-building between formal and informal organizations and institutions, systems of accountability, and long-term investment to foster sustainable and effective violence and crime response and interventions in these settlements.

Consumer roles and values in selfie experience: a case of Korean young consumers

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoo Jin Kwon ◽  
Kyoung-Nan Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Web 2.0 ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Qualitative Research Method ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach ◽  
Depth Interviews

Purpose The purpose of this study is to understand the values consumers pursue and roles consumers partake in selfie practice. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative research method was adopted. In-depth interviews were conducted with selfie enthusiasts. Data were analyzed with grounded theory approach. Findings Diverse activities and reflections pertaining to selfies were analyzed, which uncovered three consumer roles departmentalized and the nine values that selfie practice generates for consumers. The three roles are subject, photographer and user of selfies, and the roles are orchestrated together or selectively performed if necessary. In consequence of the interplay of performances and expectations of the roles, consumers pursue and gain four collaboratively created values and five individually created values. Originality/value Findings of the study expand the understanding of values of selfie practice and consumer roles in Web 2.0.

scholarly journals Building and Protecting Organizational Trust with External Publics: Canadian Senior Executives' Perspectives

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Doyle Oldfield ◽  
Alla Kushniryk
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Organizational Trust ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Senior Executives ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach ◽  
Depth Interviews

Background  Building and protecting trust has always been challenging, yet critical for organizational success.Analysis  This article examines how Canadian organizations recognized as being successful generate trust with their external publics. Using a grounded theory approach, the authors interviewed 10 senior executives from publicly recognized successful Canadian companies.Conclusion and implications  Based on their findings, the authors propose eight principles for organizations to follow to build and protect organizational trust with their external publics.Keywords  Organizational trust; In-depth interviews; Grounded theory; External publicsContexte  La construction et la protection de la confiance ont toujours été difficiles, mais essentielles pour le succès de l’organisation.Analyse Cet article examine comment les organisations canadiennes qui sont reconnues comme réussies instaurent la confiance avec leurs publics externes. En utilisant une approche de la théorie ancrée, dix cadres supérieurs d’entreprises réussies publiquement reconnues ont été interviewés au Canada.Conclusions et implications S’inspirant de leurs découvertes, les auteurs proposent huit principes pour les organisations à suivre afin de construire et de protéger la confiance organisationnelle avec leurs publics externes.Mots clés  Confiance organisationnelle: Entretiens approfondis; Théorie ancrée; Public externe

A multi‐method investigation of consumer motivations in impulse buying behavior

2000 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 403-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Hausman
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Impulse Buying ◽  
Buying Behavior ◽  
Product Selection ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach ◽  
Depth Interviews

This study used both qualitative and quantitative data to test hypotheses related to consumers’ motivations to engage in impulse buying. A grounded theory approach was used to develop hypotheses from in‐depth interviews. These hypotheses were tested by the collection and analysis of survey data. Data support the theory that impulse buying is a common method of product selection, in part, because the shopping act and impulsive product selection provide hedonic rewards. Further information‐processing overload confounds product selection, reinforcing the rewards to be obtained from alternative section heuristics, like impulse buying.

‘It’s always just there in your face’: young people’s views on porn

Sexual Health ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelley Walker ◽  
Meredith Temple-Smith ◽  
Peter Higgs ◽  
Lena Sanci
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Young People ◽  
Public Debate ◽  
Unexpected Finding ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Initial Interviews ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach ◽  
Depth Interviews

Background Young people’s exposure to pornography has increased, as has the violent and sexist nature of mainstream porn. Contemporary content means young people are exposed to violent porn whether they like it or not, and it is no longer a question of whether they will be exposed, but rather when. Methods: Using purposive sampling, 33 in-depth interviews were conducted with young people aged 15–20 years in 2010–11, to explore the phenomenon of sexting. During initial interviews, participants raised the topic of pornography exposure as a secondary, unexpected finding. Discussions highlighted an important link between sexting and pornography. The inductive nature of the research meant this new and important area of inquiry was able to be explored. Results: Data was thematically coded and analysed using a grounded theory approach. Findings highlight that many young people are exposed to porn both intentionally and unintentionally. Furthermore, they are concerned about gendered norms that reinforce men’s power and subordination over women. A link between porn exposure, young men’s sexual expectations and young women’s pressure to conform to what is being viewed, has been exposed. Conclusions: Results are significant given this is one of few recent qualitative Australian studies to explore the issue of pornography exposure from the perspective of young people. Important implications for educators, parents and health providers have been revealed, including the need to create opportunities for young people to challenge the messages expressed in porn, and for their views to be heard in academic and public debate.

Barriers to and Facilitators of Inter-Organizational Coordination in Response to Disasters: A Grounded Theory Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadkarim Bahadori ◽  
Hamid Reza Khankeh ◽  
Rouhollah Zaboli ◽  
Ramin Ravangard ◽  
Isa Malmir
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Health System ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
National Approach

AbstractObjectiveCoordination is a major challenge in the field of health in disasters, mostly because of the complex nature of health-related activities.MethodsThis was a qualitative study based on the grounded theory approach. A total of 22 experts in the field of health in disasters participated in the study. The data were collected through in-depth interviews and literature review. The collected data were then analyzed by use of MAXQDA 2010 software (VERBI Software GmbH).ResultsThe lack of a strategic view in the field of health in disasters, a lack of coordination of necessities and infrastructures, insufficient enforcement, a higher priority given to an organizational approach rather than a national approach, and the field of disasters not being a priority in the health system were noted as barriers to inter-organizational coordination. The facilitators of inter-organizational coordination noted were the importance of public participation in the field of health in disasters, having a process and systematic view in the field of health in disasters, the necessity of understanding and managing resources and information in the field of health in disasters, and having a feedback and evaluation system in the health system after disasters.ConclusionIt is recommended that developing common beliefs and goals be given priority in making plans and policies in the field of health in disasters. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:318–325)

Playing the game: How young people moderate influences in accommodating asthma in their lives

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-316
Author(s):  
Mary Hughes ◽  
Eileen Savage ◽  
Tom Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Young People ◽  
Social Influences ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Social Culture ◽  
Classic Grounded Theory ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach ◽  
Depth Interviews

This article presents moderating influences, one of the sub-core categories from the theory of accommodating interruptions. This theory emerged in the context of young people who have asthma, explaining how they develop behaviours in their everyday lives (Hughes 2014; Hughes et al., 2017). The aim of this research was to develop a theory on the behaviours of young people who have asthma, in relation to the impact of asthma on the lives and the issues affecting them. This research was undertaken using a classic grounded theory approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant diaries and clinic consultations with young people aged 11–16 years who had asthma for over one year. Moderating influence accounts for how social influences and social culture affect what young people who have asthma wish to achieve and how they want to be perceived by others. Young people moderate influences by their features or attributes in order to meet their own needs.

scholarly journals “I’m Trying to Stop Things Before They Happen”: Carers’ Contributions to Patient Safety in Hospitals

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1508-1518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bronwen Merner ◽  
Sophie Hill ◽  
Michael Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Patient Safety ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Constructivist Grounded Theory ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Depth Interviews

Patient safety policies increasingly encourage carer (i.e., family or friends) involvement in reducing health care–associated harm in hospital. Despite this, carer involvement in patient safety in practice is not well understood—especially from the carers’ perspective. The purpose of this article is to understand how carers of adult patients perceived and experienced their patient safety contributions in hospital. Constructivist grounded theory informed the data collection and analysis of in-depth interviews with 32 carers who had patient safety concerns in Australian hospitals. Results demonstrated carers engaged in the process of “patient-safety caring.” Patient-safety caring included three levels of intensity: low (“contributing without concern”), moderate (“being proactive about safety”), and high (“wrestling for control”). Carers who engaged at high intensity provided the patient with greater protection, but typically experienced negative consequences for themselves. Carers’ experiences of negative consequences from safety involvement need to be mitigated by practice approaches that value their contributions.

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