Quantification of healthcare workers’ exposure to cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil by 24-h urine assay: A descriptive pilot study

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1864-1870
Author(s):  
Marie Palamini ◽  
Annick Dufour ◽  
Roxane Therrien ◽  
Jean-François Delisle ◽  
Geneviève Mercier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Beta Alanine ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Hazardous Drugs

Purpose The objective of this pilot study was to determine the frequency of urination and the concentration of four hazardous drugs (cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil) in workers’ 24-h urine samples in relation to exposure to traces with hazardous drugs. Methods The study was conducted in three healthcare centers in the region of Montréal, Quebec, Canada. We recruited healthcare workers (nurses and pharmacy technicians) assigned to the hematology-oncology department. Each participant was asked to collect all urine voided during a 24-h period, to fill out an activity journal documenting tasks performed and to document the use of personal protective equipment. Samples were analyzed for cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, methotrexate, and alpha-fluoro-beta-alanine (FBAL, the main urinary metabolite of 5-fluorouracil). Drugs were quantified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (positive electrospray MRM mode). Results Eighteen healthcare workers (10 nurses and 8 technicians) were recruited and provided consent to participate. Urine samples were obtained between 1 September and 30 September 2019. The number of urinations over the 24-h collection period ranged from 3 to 11 per participant. A total of 128 urine samples were analyzed for the 18 workers. All urine samples were negative for the four antineoplastics tested. Conclusion No traces of cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, methotrexate, or FBAL were found in the 24-h urine samples of 18 healthcare workers practicing in three healthcare facilities in Quebec. Although it was feasible to collect 24-h urine samples in this research project, it appears unrealistic to do so recurrently as part of a large-scale surveillance program.

Bisphenol-A and phthalates contamination of urine samples by catheters in the Elfe pilot study: Implications for large-scale biomonitoring studies

2011 ◽  
Vol 111 (6) ◽  
pp. 761-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Vandentorren ◽  
Florence Zeman ◽  
Lise Morin ◽  
Hélène Sarter ◽  
Marie-Laure Bidondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Urine Samples

scholarly journals Influence of Storage Conditions and Preservatives on Metabolite Fingerprints in Urine

Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinchen Wang ◽  
Haiwei Gu ◽  
Susana A. Palma-Duran ◽  
Andres Fierro ◽  
Paniz Jasbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Urinary Metabolites ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
C Storage ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
The Stability

Human urine, which is rich in metabolites, provides valuable approaches for biomarker measurement. Maintaining the stability of metabolites in urine is critical for accurate and reliable research results and subsequent interpretation. In this study, the effect of storage temperature (4, 22, and 40 °C), storage time (24 and 48 h), and use of preservatives (boric acid (BA), thymol) and para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) on urinary metabolites in the pooled urine samples from 20 participants was systematically investigated using large-scale targeted liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based metabolomics. Statistical analysis of 158 reliably detected metabolites showed that metabolites in urine with no preservative remained stable at 4 °C for 24 and 48 h as well as at 22 °C for 24 h, but significant metabolite differences were observed in urine stored at 22 °C for 48 h and at 40 °C. The mere addition of BA caused metabolite changes. Thymol was observed to be effective in maintaining metabolite stability in urine in all the conditions designed, most likely due to the inhibitory effect of thymol on urine microbiota. Our results provide valuable urine preservation guidance during sample storage, which is essential for obtaining reliable, accurate, and reproducible analytical results from urine samples.

scholarly journals Correlation of National and Healthcare Workers COVID-19 Infection Data; Implications for Large-scale Viral Testing Programs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Wu ◽  
Pol Mac Aonghusa ◽  
Donal O'Shea
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Entire Population ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Smoothing Function ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
National Population

Time analysis of the course of an infectious disease epidemic is a critical way to understand the dynamics of pathogen transmission and the effect of population scale interventions. Computational methods have been applied to the progression of the COVID-19 outbreak in five different countries (Ireland, Germany, UK, South Korea and Iceland) using their reported daily infection data. A Gaussian convolution smoothing function constructed a continuous epidemic line profile that was segmented into longitudinal time series of mathematically fitted individual logistic curves. The time series of fitted curves allowed comparison of disease progression with differences in decreasing daily infection numbers following the epidemic peak being of specific interest. A positive relationship between rate of declining infections and countries with comprehensive COVID-19 testing regimes existed. In contrast, extended epidemic timeframes were recorded for those least prepared for large scale testing and contact tracing. As many countries continue to struggle to implement population wide testing it is prudent to explore additional measures that could be employed. Comparative analysis of healthcare worker (HCW) infection data from Ireland shows it closely related to that of the entire population with respect to trends of daily infection numbers and growth rates over a 57-day period. With 31.6% of all test-confirmed infections in healthcare workers (all employees of healthcare facilities), they represent a concentrated 3% subset of the national population which if exhaustively tested (regardless of symptom status) could provide valuable information on disease progression in the entire population (or set). Mathematically, national population and HCWs can be viewed as a set and subset with significant influences on each other, with solidarity between both an essential ingredient for ending this crisis.

Quantitative determination of urinary metabolites of geraniol by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (47) ◽  
pp. 5718-5728
Author(s):  
Thomas Jäger ◽  
Sandra Bäcker ◽  
Thomas Brodbeck ◽  
Edgar Leibold ◽  
Michael Bader
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Urinary Metabolites ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass

Geraniol is a fragrance which occurs in natural terpene oil or is chemically synthesized on a large scale.

scholarly journals Human urine contamination with environmental pollutants: simultaneous determination using UPLC-MS/MS

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Beltifa ◽  
Monia Machreki ◽  
Asma Ghorbel ◽  
Afifa Belaid ◽  
Emna Smaoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Urinary Concentration ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Urine Contamination

Abstract Paraben derivatives are widely used as an antifungal, antimicrobial preservative in cosmetic products, pharmaceuticals, and food. These molecules are called endocrine disruptors (EDCs). The exposure of the human body to paraben derivatives needs further study and for this purpose 200 urine samples were collected from Tunisian men and women aged between 5 and 90 years to determine three paraben derivatives: methylparaben (MP), ethylparaben (EP) and propylparaben (PP) using ultra performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS). The three major parabens were found in 95 urine samples. The obtained results indicate that MP, EP, and PP were detected in 57%, 46%, and 40% of all samples, respectively. Urinary concentration for the three parabens was in the range of 0.88–84.46 ng/mL, 0.52–29.2 ng/mL, and 0.51–28.17 ng/mL of PP, MP, and EP, respectively. In addition, the concentrations of the paraben derivatives in women were higher than those of men. These findings indicate that the exposure occurs from common products (foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals). The Tunisian authorities should control the composition of packaging of these common products in order to protect humans against EDCs.

scholarly journals Correlation of national and healthcare workers COVID-19 infection data; implications for large-scale viral testing programs

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250699
Author(s):  
Dan Wu ◽  
Pól Mac Aonghusa ◽  
Donal F. O’Shea
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Entire Population ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Smoothing Function ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
National Population

Time analysis of the course of an infectious disease epidemic is a critical way to understand the dynamics of pathogen transmission and the effect of population scale interventions. Computational methods have been applied to the progression of the COVID-19 outbreak in five different countries (Ireland, Germany, UK, South Korea and Iceland) using their reported daily infection data. A Gaussian convolution smoothing function constructed a continuous epidemic line profile that was segmented into longitudinal time series of mathematically fitted individual logistic curves. The time series of fitted curves allowed comparison of disease progression with differences in decreasing daily infection numbers following the epidemic peak being of specific interest. A positive relationship between the rate of declining infections and countries with comprehensive COVID-19 testing regimes existed. Insight into different rates of decline infection numbers following the wave peak was also possible which could be a useful tool to guide the reopening of societies. In contrast, extended epidemic timeframes were recorded for those least prepared for large-scale testing and contact tracing. As many countries continue to struggle to implement population wide testing it is prudent to explore additional measures that could be employed. Comparative analysis of healthcare worker (HCW) infection data from Ireland shows it closely related to that of the entire population with respect to trends of daily infection numbers and growth rates over a 57-day period. With 31.6% of all test-confirmed infections in healthcare workers (all employees of healthcare facilities), they represent a concentrated 3% subset of the national population which if exhaustively tested (regardless of symptom status) could provide valuable information on disease progression in the entire population (or set). Mathematically, national population and HCWs can be viewed as a set and subset with significant influences on each other, with solidarity between both an essential ingredient for ending this crisis.

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