ADHD and Interfering Thoughts in High and Low Conflict Conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 108705472110365
Author(s):  
Klodin Alali-Morlevy ◽  
Liat Goldfarb
Keyword(s):  
Stroop Task ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Task Conflict ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Adhd Diagnosis ◽  
Attention Tasks ◽  
Degree Of Control

Background: Individuals with an ADHD diagnosis have increased levels of interfering thoughts, especially in the form of mind wandering. This was mostly investigated in sustained attention tasks; hence it is unclear whether the findings are only due to their difficulties in those types of tasks. Moreover, it is unclear how the amount of control invested in the task will affect those differences between control and ADHD groups. Method: ADHD and matched control groups performed the Stroop task under high and low conflict conditions while measuring their interfering thoughts level. Results: Individuals with ADHD have more interfering thoughts compared to a control group even when they are able to change their control level according to the task conflict. Conclusion: Interfering thoughts are an independent predictor of ADHD impairments, observed regardless of the degree of control invested in the task.

scholarly journals Prognosis of Patients with Rheumatic Diseases Admitted to Intensive Care

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Beil ◽  
S. Sviri ◽  
V. de la Guardia ◽  
I. Stav ◽  
E. Ben-Chetrit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Rheumatic Disease ◽  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Apache Ii ◽  
Apache Ii Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Predicting Outcome ◽  
And Gender

Variable mortality rates have been reported for patients with rheumatic diseases admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). Due to the absence of appropriate control groups in previous studies, it is not known whether the presence of a rheumatic disease constitutes a risk factor. Moreover, the accuracy of the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score for predicting outcome in this group of patients has been questioned. The primary goal of this study was to compare outcome of patients with rheumatic diseases admitted to a medical ICU to those of controls. The records of all patients admitted between 1 April 2003 and 30 June 2014 (n=4020) were screened for the presence of a rheumatic disease during admission (n=138). The diagnosis of a rheumatic disease was by standard criteria for these conditions. An age- and gender-matched control group of patients without a rheumatic disease was extracted from the patient population in the database during the same period (n=831). Mortality in ICU, in hospital and after 180 days did not differ significantly between patients with and without rheumatic diseases. There was no difference in the performance of the APACHE II score for predicting outcome in patients with rheumatic diseases and controls. This score, as well as a requirement for the use of inotropes or vasopressors, accurately predicted hospital mortality in the group of patients with rheumatic diseases. In conclusion, patients with a rheumatic condition admitted to intensive care do not do significantly worse than patients without such a disease.

scholarly journals Root Dimensions in Patients with Mild Hypodontia and a Control Group

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 574-580
Author(s):  
Khaled Khalaf ◽  
Zahra Seraj ◽  
Hesham Hussein ◽  
Mahmoud Mando
Keyword(s):  
Matched Control ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Implant Placement ◽  
Dental Hospital ◽  
The University ◽  
And Control

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to compare root dimensions (length and mesiodistal widths) between subjects with mild hypodontia and an age- and sex-matched control group. Materials and Methods Root dimension measurements of all permanent teeth excluding third molars were made on standardly taken orthopantomograms of 50 individuals (25 hypodontia and 25 controls) attending the University of Sharjah Dental Hospital. The length and two mesiodistal widths were measured for each fully formed root. The length of the root was measured digitally by drawing a line from the midpoint and bisecting the mesiodistal cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) of the tooth and extended to its apex. The mesiodistal widths of each root were measured at the cervical region and at half way of and perpendicular to the length of the root. Statistical Analysis Two sample t-tests were used to compare root dimension measurements between the hypodontia and control groups. Results There were no significant differences between genders with regard to root length or widths measurements, and therefore genders were combined for further analysis. Patients with hypodontia have significantly shorter root lengths than controls for the upper central incisors, upper canines, first premolars, and lower first molars (p < 0.05). Similarly, root width at the midpoint of the root was found to be less in hypodontia group than that in controls for the upper central incisors, lower first premolars, upper first molars, and all second premolars (p < 0.05). Similar pattern of differences was found with regard to the root width at the cervical region (p < 0.05). Conclusions Patients with hypodontia have shorter and narrower roots of the whole permanent dentition except the upper lateral incisors, lower incisors, lower canines, and all second molars when compared with controls. In effect, this may affect the orthodontic treatment planning and implant placement.

scholarly journals A Novel Educational Control Group Mobile App for Meditation Interventions: Single-Group Feasibility Trial

10.2196/19364 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. e19364
Author(s):  
Jennifer Huberty ◽  
Ryan Eckert ◽  
Megan Puzia ◽  
Breanne Laird ◽  
Linda Larkey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Myeloproliferative Neoplasm ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Feasibility Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Feasible Option

Background Smartphone ownership is becoming ubiquitous among US adults, making the delivery of health interventions via a mobile app (ie, mobile health [mHealth]) attractive to many researchers and clinicians. Meditation interventions have become popular and have been delivered to study participants via mobile apps to improve a range of health outcomes in both healthy adults and those with chronic diseases. However, these meditation mHealth interventions have been limited by a lack of high-quality control groups. More specifically, these studies have lacked consistency in their use of active, time-matched, and attention-matched control groups. Objective The purpose of this study is to beta test a novel health education podcast control condition delivered via a smartphone app that would be a strong comparator to be used in future studies of app-based meditation interventions. Methods Patients with myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) cancer were recruited nationally. Upon enrollment, participants were informed to download the investigator-developed health education podcast app onto their mobile phone and listen to ~60 min/week of cancer-related educational podcasts for 12 weeks. The benchmarks for feasibility included ≥70% of participants completing ≥70% of the prescribed 60 min/week of podcasts, ≥70% of participants reporting that they were satisfied with the intervention, and ≥70% of participants reporting that they enjoyed the health education podcasts. Results A total of 96 patients with MPN were enrolled in the study; however, 19 never began the intervention. Of the 77 patients who participated in the intervention, 39 completed the entire study (ie, sustained participation through the follow-up period). Participation averaged 103.2 (SD 29.5) min/week. For 83.3% (10/12) of the weeks, at least 70% of participants completed at least 70% of their total prescribed use. Almost half of participants reported that they enjoyed the health education podcasts (19/39, 48.7%) and were satisfied with the intervention (17/39, 43.6%). There were no significant changes in cancer-related outcomes from baseline to postintervention. Conclusions A 12-week, health education podcast mobile app was demanded but not accepted in a sample of patients with cancer. Using the mobile app was not associated with significant changes in cancer-related symptoms. Based on findings from this study, a health education podcast mobile app may be a feasible option as a time- and attention-matched control group for efficacy trials with more extensive formative research for the content of the podcasts and its acceptability by the specific population. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03907774; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03907774

scholarly journals A Novel Educational Control Group Mobile App for Meditation Interventions: Single-Group Feasibility Trial (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Huberty ◽  
Ryan Eckert ◽  
Megan Puzia ◽  
Breanne Laird ◽  
Linda Larkey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Myeloproliferative Neoplasm ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Feasibility Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Feasible Option

BACKGROUND Smartphone ownership is becoming ubiquitous among US adults, making the delivery of health interventions via a mobile app (ie, mobile health [mHealth]) attractive to many researchers and clinicians. Meditation interventions have become popular and have been delivered to study participants via mobile apps to improve a range of health outcomes in both healthy adults and those with chronic diseases. However, these meditation mHealth interventions have been limited by a lack of high-quality control groups. More specifically, these studies have lacked consistency in their use of active, time-matched, and attention-matched control groups. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to beta test a novel health education podcast control condition delivered via a smartphone app that would be a strong comparator to be used in future studies of app-based meditation interventions. METHODS Patients with myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) cancer were recruited nationally. Upon enrollment, participants were informed to download the investigator-developed health education podcast app onto their mobile phone and listen to ~60 min/week of cancer-related educational podcasts for 12 weeks. The benchmarks for feasibility included ≥70% of participants completing ≥70% of the prescribed 60 min/week of podcasts, ≥70% of participants reporting that they were satisfied with the intervention, and ≥70% of participants reporting that they enjoyed the health education podcasts. RESULTS A total of 96 patients with MPN were enrolled in the study; however, 19 never began the intervention. Of the 77 patients who participated in the intervention, 39 completed the entire study (ie, sustained participation through the follow-up period). Participation averaged 103.2 (SD 29.5) min/week. For 83.3% (10/12) of the weeks, at least 70% of participants completed at least 70% of their total prescribed use. Almost half of participants reported that they enjoyed the health education podcasts (19/39, 48.7%) and were satisfied with the intervention (17/39, 43.6%). There were no significant changes in cancer-related outcomes from baseline to postintervention. CONCLUSIONS A 12-week, health education podcast mobile app was demanded but not accepted in a sample of patients with cancer. Using the mobile app was not associated with significant changes in cancer-related symptoms. Based on findings from this study, a health education podcast mobile app may be a feasible option as a time- and attention-matched control group for efficacy trials with more extensive formative research for the content of the podcasts and its acceptability by the specific population. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03907774; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03907774

Values and Volunteers: Axiology of Altruism in a Crisis Center

1980 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 1007-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Mahoney ◽  
Constance M. Pechura
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Intervention ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Telephone Service ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Value Differences ◽  
Rokeach Value Survey ◽  
Regional University ◽  
And Control

The present study examined the values of volunteers for a crisis center “hotline” telephone service. The volunteers (19 males, 23 females) were compared to an aggregately sex-matched control group of 42 evening college students at a major urban regional university. Both groups completed a Rokeach Value Survey. A total of 12 values discriminated between the volunteer and control groups. Results suggest that, in contrast to control subjects, volunteers for crisis-intervention centers are demonstrably more altruistic, with more highly developed interests in social activity and an increased need for inner-direction. A subsequent value comparison of the 23 volunteers who remained for at least 2 mo. beyond the training period with 19 who dropped out disclosed only 2 minor differences. Value differences appear to be critical in volunteer selection but are generally unrelated to retention.

scholarly journals Frequency of Thyroid Nodules among Patients with Colonic Polyps

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Cevdet Duran ◽  
Huseyin Savas Gokturk ◽  
Mustafa Kulaksizoglu ◽  
Suleyman Bakdik ◽  
Gulhan Kanat Unler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Colonic Polyps ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hyperplastic Polyps ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
And Control

Aim. Colonic polyps and thyroid nodules are common diseases and their frequency increases with age. In the literature, there is no study investigating the coexistence of colonic polyps and thyroid nodules. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate thyroid nodule prevalence in patients with colonic polyps.Material and Methods. Sixty-six patients with colonic polyps and 146 patients without colonic polyps enrolled into the study. Age and sex matched control group was composed from patients without colonic polyps. Colonoscopic examinations, thyroid ultrasonographies were performed in all patients, and TSH were measured.Results. Male/female ratio in polyp and control groups were 40/26 versus 68/78, respectively (P=0.058). Mean ages were similar in both groups (53.3±11.4versus,51.8±11.4,P=0.373). Thyroid nodule was detected in 44 (66.7%) patients with polyps and in 61 (41.8%) controls (P=0.001). Patients with adenomatous polyps had 5 or more thyroid nodules compared to patients with hyperplastic polyps (P=0.03). Thyroid nodules were more prevalent among patients aged 50 or older compared to 50 years or less (P=0.023).Conclusion. Thyroid nodules were detected more common in patients with colonic polyps. Further studies are needed to clarify this coexistence.

Liver Polyploidy in Alzheimer's Disease

1987 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-270
Author(s):  
M. Fisman ◽  
M.I. Laskey ◽  
H.E. Enesco
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Matched Control Group ◽  
Ploidy Class ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACTThe amount of liver polyploidy in a group of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) was compared with that of an age-matched control group. There was great variability in the percentage of cells in each ploidy class from one individual to the next in both control and AD subjects. AD patients had a lower percentage of 2N cells, and a higher percentage of 4N cells than the controls. There was no difference in the percentage of 8N or 16N cells in AD, indicating that there was no shift to higher ploidy classes in AD. The most stringent statistical analysis failed to reveal statistically significant differences between the AD and control groups.

scholarly journals Body sway in below-knee amputees

1986 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Vittas ◽  
T. K. Larsen ◽  
E. C. Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Matched Control ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Body Sway ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Normal Person ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Matched Control Group ◽  
Romberg Test

The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that below-knee amputees have less standing stability than normal persons. Twenty below-knee amputees were tested with the quantified Romberg test. All amputees below 59 years and all women above 59 years had a decreased sway compared with matched control groups of normal persons. Amputated men above 59 years did not show any difference in sway compared with the matched control group. Presuming that small sway excursions can be interpreted as a stable standing position, the study shows that a well fitted PTB-amputee stands at least as safely as a normal person.

scholarly journals Spasticity reduction in children with cerebral palsy is not associated with reduced energy consumption during walking

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole L. Zaino ◽  
Katherine M. Steele ◽  
J. Maxwell Donelan ◽  
Michael H. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
List Type ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Dorsal Rhizotomy ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy

AbstractBackgroundThe average energy consumption during walking of children with cerebral palsy (CP) is over two times of that of typically developing (TD) children and fatigue is one of the top complaints of children with CP and their families. Spasticity has been theorized to contribute to increased energy consumption during walking in CP, but its role remains unclear.MethodsWe retrospectively compared the energy consumption of walking in children with diplegic CP before and after selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR), a surgery that reduces spasticity. A control group of participants with CP who also underwent gait analysis but did not undergo SDR was matched to the SDR group by pre-surgery age, spasticity, and energy consumption. Energy consumption and spasticity were compared at baseline and follow-up for both groups.FindingsAs expected, the SDR group has a significantly greater decrease (−44%) in spasticity compared to matched peers with CP who did not undergo SDR (−16%, P<0.001). While both groups had a reduction in energy consumption between visits (12 % SDR and 14% no-SDR), there was no difference in the change in energy consumption between groups (P=0.4).Interpretation: Reducing spasticity did not contribute to greater reductions in energy consumption, suggesting that spasticity has minimal impact on elevated energy consumption during walking for children with CP. Energy consumption and spasticity decrease with age among children with CP. Identifying matched control groups of peers with CP is critical for research involving children with CP to account for changes due to development.HighlightsEnergy consumption is not reduced after rhizotomy compared to matched peersSpasticity has minimal contribution to elevated energy during walkingMatched control groups are critical in cerebral palsy research

Factors Associated With Dysmorphic Concern and Psychiatric Morbidity in Plastic Surgery Outpatients

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Kisely ◽  
Daniel Morkell ◽  
Bruce Allbrook ◽  
Patrick Briggs ◽  
Jasmina Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
And Control

Objectives: To compare new referrals to a plastic surgery clinic for cosmetic (non-medically explained) reasons with a control group of equal size with medically explained symptoms. Method: Patients attending for cosmetic (non-medically explained) reasons were compared with the controls using the general health questionnaire (GHQ), and dysmorphic concern questionnaire (DCQ). Patients were divided into high and low DCQ scores on the basis of their median scores. Results: Ninety subjects were approached of whom 84 (93%) participated giving 42 patients each in the cosmetic (non-medically explained) and control groups. Forty-four per cent were referred for mammoplasty (n = 37) and 8% for rhinoplasty (n = 7). The other 40 cases (48%) were for other procedures including excision, abdominoplasty and blepharoplasty. Thirty-two per cent of the sample were GHQ cases (n = 27). Patients presenting for cosmetic (non-medically explained) reasons were 13 times more likely to be female (95% CI = 4.3–41), nine times more likely to have high DCQ scores (95% CI = 3.3–24), six times more likely to be GHQ cases (95% CI = 2.1–17), and seven times more likely to present for mammoplasty. The same factors were associated with high DCQ scores. Patients with high DCQ scores were 32 times as likely to be GHQ cases (95% CI = 6.8–151). On multivariate analysis, dysmorphic concern emerged as the only independent predictor of GHQ caseness rather than sex, surgical diagnosis or procedure (adjusted OR = 32.0, 95 % CI = 6.5–156). Similarly, only GHQ caseness and presentation for cosmetic (non-medically explained) surgery independently predicted DCQ score. Conclusions: Patients presenting for cosmetic (non-medically explained) surgery have high rates of dysmorphic concern and psychiatric morbidity

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