ADHD and ODD Dimensions: Time Varying Prediction of Internalizing Problems from Childhood to Adolescence

Objective Although childhood ADHD is a risk factor for internalizing problems, it consists of separable inattention and hyperactivity dimensions that differentially predict outcomes. Oppositional defiant disorder also consists of separable dimensions (i.e., irritable, oppositional), co-occurs with ADHD, and predicts internalizing outcomes. To discern independent associations with internalizing problems, dimensions must be considered simultaneously. Methods Controlling for age, sex, and race, we tested inattention, hyperactivity, irritability, and oppositionality as time-varying predictors of 6 to 7-year prospective change in parent- and teacher-rated internalizing problems in 230 ethnically- diverse (50% Caucasian) 5 to 10 year old youth ( M = 7.4 years, 68% male) with ( n = 120) and without ADHD ( n = 110). Results Escalating inattention and irritability, but not hyperactivity and oppositionality, uniquely predicted internalizing problems. Conclusion These findings suggest that inattention and irritability are unique risk factors for later internalizing problems. These dimensions may catalyze internalizing problems across development and constitute important intervention targets.

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Ethnic inequalities in older adults bowel cancer awareness: findings from a community survey conducted in an ethnically diverse region in England

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-10536-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Robert S. Kerrison ◽

Andrew Prentice ◽

Sarah Marshall ◽

Sameer Choglay ◽

Michael Levitan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Ethnically Diverse ◽

Bowel Cancer ◽

Minority Ethnic Group ◽

Cancer Awareness ◽

Cancer Symptoms ◽

Targeted Interventions ◽

Bowel Cancer Screening

Abstract Background To date, research exploring the public’s awareness of bowel cancer has taken place with predominantly white populations. To enhance our understanding of how bowel cancer awareness varies between ethnic groups, and inform the development of targeted interventions, we conducted a questionnaire study across three ethnically diverse regions in Greater London, England. Methods Data were collected using an adapted version of the bowel cancer awareness measure. Eligible adults were individuals, aged 60+ years, who were eligible for screening. Participants were recruited and surveyed, verbally, by staff working at 40 community pharmacies in Northwest London, the Harrow Somali association, and St. Mark’s Bowel Cancer Screening Centre. Associations between risk factor, symptom and screening awareness scores and ethnicity were assessed using multivariate regression. Results 1013 adults, aged 60+ years, completed the questionnaire; half were of a Black, Asian or Minority ethnic group background (n = 507; 50.0%). Participants recognised a mean average of 4.27 of 9 symptoms and 3.99 of 10 risk factors. Symptom awareness was significantly lower among all ethnic minority groups (all p’s < 0.05), while risk factor awareness was lower for Afro-Caribbean and Somali adults, specifically (both p’s < 0.05). One in three adults (n = 722; 29.7%) did not know there is a Bowel Cancer Screening Programme. Bowel screening awareness was particularly low among Afro-Caribbean and Somali adults (both p’s < 0.05). Conclusion Awareness of bowel cancer symptoms, risk factors and screening varies by ethnicity. Interventions should be targeted towards specific groups for whom awareness of screening and risk factors is low.

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Identification of Genetic Risk Factors For Conduct Disorder/Oppositional Defiant Disorder In The Context of ADHD

European Neuropsychopharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.06.059 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. S734

Author(s):

Ditte Demontis ◽

Aggressotype Consortium ◽

PGC ADHD Working Group ◽

iPSYCH-Broad Consortium

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Conduct Disorder ◽

Oppositional Defiant Disorder ◽

Genetic Risk ◽

Genetic Risk Factors ◽

Oppositional Defiant

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Environmental Risk Factors in Oppositional-Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder

Handbook of Disruptive Behavior Disorders ◽

10.1007/978-1-4615-4881-2_19 ◽

1999 ◽

pp. 419-440 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Rob McGee ◽

Sheila Williams

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Conduct Disorder ◽

Oppositional Defiant Disorder ◽

Environmental Risk ◽

Environmental Risk Factors ◽

Oppositional Defiant

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First incidence, age of onset outcomes and risk factors of onset of DSM-5 oppositional defiant disorder: a cohort study of Spanish children from ages 3 to 9

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022493 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. e022493 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lourdes Ezpeleta ◽

J Blas Navarro ◽

Nuria de la Osa ◽

Eva Penelo ◽

Josep Maria Domènech

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

General Population ◽

Oppositional Defiant Disorder ◽

Age Of Onset ◽

Cumulative Risk ◽

Preschool Age ◽

First Episode ◽

Second Phase ◽

Oppositional Defiant ◽

Internalising Problems

ObjectiveTo examine the 1-year first incidence and prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), the outcomes on psychopathology and functioning by age of onset and the risk factors of onset of ODD from ages 3 to 9 in children from the Spanish general population.DesignLongitudinal with seven follow-ups and double cohort (ODD and non-ODD children).SettingGeneral population of preschool and elementary school children in Barcelona (Spain).ParticipantsOn a first phase, the parent-rated Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire conduct problems scale plus ODD Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth version, symptoms were used to screen for behavioural problems. The second phase sample size contained 622 cases at age 3 and, at age 9, 418 remained in the study.ResultsThe probability of the onset of ODD showed increasing values at ages 4 (R=2.7%) and 5 years (R=4.4%). These values decreased until age 7 (R=1.9%) and increased again until age 9 (R=3.6%). Up to 9 years old, the cumulative risk of new cases of ODD was 21.9%. Early onset was associated with a higher risk of depression comorbidity and later onset with higher functional impairment and symptomatology. Subthreshold ODD, high scores in irritability and headstrong dimensions, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and other comorbidity, negative affectivity until age 7, difficulties in inhibit and emotional control, punitive parenting and maternal internalising problems were risk factors of a first episode of ODD during this 7-year period.ConclusionsThe risk of new cases of ODD in the general population at preschool age and during childhood is high. Preschool age is a target period for preventive interventions. Identified risk factors are objectives for targeted and indicated interventions.

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Predictability of oppositional defiant disorder and symptom dimensions in children and adolescents with ADHD combined type

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291710000590 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 40 (12) ◽

pp. 2089-2100 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

M. Aebi ◽

U. C. Müller ◽

P. Asherson ◽

T. Banaschewski ◽

J. Buitelaar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Accuracy ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Oppositional Defiant Disorder ◽

Rating Scales ◽

Clinical Decision Making ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Emotional Lability ◽

Parent Rating ◽

Oppositional Defiant ◽

Odd Dimensions

BackgroundOppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is frequently co-occurring with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents. Because ODD is a precursor of later conduct disorder (CD) and affective disorders, early diagnostic identification is warranted. Furthermore, the predictability of three recently confirmed ODD dimensions (ODD-irritable, ODD-headstrong and ODD-hurtful) may assist clinical decision making.MethodReceiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used in order to test the diagnostic accuracy of the Conners' Parent Rating Scale revised (CPRS-R) and the parent version of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (PSDQ) in the prediction of ODD in a transnational sample of 1093 subjects aged 5–17 years from the International Multicentre ADHD Genetics study. In a second step, the prediction of three ODD dimensions by the same parent rating scales was assessed by backward linear regression analyses.ResultsROC analyses showed adequate diagnostic accuracy of the CPRS-R and the PSDQ in predicting ODD in this ADHD sample. Furthermore, the three-dimensional structure of ODD was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis and the CPRS-R emotional lability scale significantly predicted the ODD irritable dimension.ConclusionsThe PSDQ and the CPRS-R are both suitable screening instruments in the identification of ODD. The emotional lability scale of the CPRS-R is an adequate predictor of irritability in youth referred for ADHD.

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Measurement Invariance of Oppositional Defiant Disorder Dimensions in 3-Year-Old Preschoolers

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759/a000205 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 45-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Lourdes Ezpeleta ◽

Eva Penelo

Keyword(s):

Oppositional Defiant Disorder ◽

Measurement Invariance ◽

Latent Trait ◽

Oppositional Behavior ◽

Oppositional Defiant ◽

Dimensional Measure ◽

Antagonistic Behavior ◽

Complete Measurement ◽

Item Scores ◽

Odd Dimensions

Measurement invariance (metric/scalar) of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) dimensions (negative affect, oppositional behavior, and antagonistic behavior) across sex and informants is tested. Parents and teachers of 622 preschool children from the general population answered a dimensional measure of ODD. ODD dimensions function similarly in boys and girls. Some differences were found by informant, indicating that the equivalence of the ratings of parents and teachers is not complete and that given the same underlying level of the latent trait, some parents’ item scores were higher than those of teachers. Metric invariance was complete but scalar invariance was not attained. The results contribute evidence on the conceptualization of ODD as a source-specific disorder. The simultaneous use of ODD dimensions reported by parents and teachers must be considered in the context of a lack of complete measurement invariance, which implies that comparisons of observed means from parents and teachers are not readily interpretable.

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