ADHD Comorbidity Structure and Impairment: Results of the WHO World Mental Health Surveys International College Student Project (WMH-ICS)

2021 ◽  
pp. 108705472110572
Author(s):  
Arthur D. P. Mak ◽  
Sue Lee ◽  
Nancy A. Sampson ◽  
Yesica Albor ◽  
Jordi Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Population Attributable Risk ◽  
Attributable Risk ◽  
Comorbid Disorders ◽  
Externalizing Disorder ◽  
Severe Impairment ◽  
International College ◽  
Dsm Iv

Objective To examine the prevalence of ADHD and the association of comorbid disorders, and multivariate disorder classes with role impairment in college students. Method About 15,991 freshmen (24 colleges, 9 countries, WMH-ICS) (response rate = 45.6%) completed online WMH-CIDI-SC surveys for 6-month ADHD and six 12-month DSM-IV disorders. We examined multivariate disorder classes using latent class analysis (LCA) and simulated a population attributable risk proportions (PARPs) of ADHD-related impairment. Results About 15.9% had ADHD, of which 58.4% had comorbidities. LCA classified ADHD respondents to pure (42.9%), internalizing (36.0%), bipolar comorbidities (11.3%), and externalizing disorder classes (9.8%). ADHD, comorbidities, and multivariate disorder classes independently predicted severe impairment. PARPs: eliminating ADHD hypothetically reduced severe impairment by 19.2%, 10.1% adjusted for comorbidities, 9.5% for multivariate disorder classes. Conclusions ADHD and comorbid disorders are common and impairing in college students. Personalized transdiagnostic interventions guided by multivariate disorder classes should be explored.

The Classification of Eating Disorders

2010 ◽  
pp. 7-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn H. Gordon ◽  
Jill M. Holm-Denoma ◽  
Ross D. Crosby ◽  
Stephen A. Wonderlich
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Text Revision ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Dsm Iv

The purpose of the chapter is to elucidate the key issues regarding the classification of eating disorders. To this end, a review of nosological research in the area of eating disorders is presented, with a particular focus on empirically based techniques such as taxometric and latent class analysis. This is followed by a section outlining areas of overlap between the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR; American Psychiatric Association, 2000) eating disorder categories and their symptoms. Next, eating disorder classification models that are alternatives to the DSM-IV-TR are described and critically examined in light of available empirical data. Finally, areas of controversy and considerations for change in next version of the DSM (i.e., the applicability of DSM criteria to minority groups, children, males; the question of whether clinical categories should be differentiated from research categories) are discussed.

scholarly journals Secular trends of population attributable risk of overweight and obesity for hypertension among Chinese adults from 1991 to 2011

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Gou ◽  
Huiying Wu
Keyword(s):  
Population Attributable Risk ◽  
Attributable Risk ◽  
Secular Trends ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Intervention Effect ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increasing Trend

AbstractWe determined if the increasing trend in hypertension can be partly attributed to increasing prevalence of overweight/obesity in China over the past two decades. Data were collected from 1991 to 2011 and the population attributable risk (PAR), which is used to estimate the intervention effect on hypertension if overweight/obese, were eliminated. Linear regression was used to evaluate the secular trends. The age-standardized prevalence of overweight and obesity increased by 26.32% with an overall slope of 1.27% (95% CI: 1.12–1.43%) per year. Hypertension also increased by 12.37% with an overall slope of 0.65% (95% CI: 0.51–0.79%) per year. The adjusted ORs of overweight/obesity for hypertension across the survey years remained unchanged; however, the trend in PAR increased steadily from 27.1 to 44.6% with an overall slope of 0.81% (95% CI: 0.34–1.28%) per year (P = 0.006). There was no significant gender difference in the slopes of increasing PAR, as measured by regression coefficients (β = 0.95% vs. β = 0.63% per year, P = 0.36). Over the past two decades, the increase in the prevalence of hypertension in China was partly attributed to the overweight/obesity epidemic, which highlights the importance of controlling weight and further reducing the burden of hypertension.

scholarly journals Population attributable risk of aflatoxin-related liver cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (14) ◽  
pp. 2125-2136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Chung-Chou H. Chang ◽  
Gary M. Marsh ◽  
Felicia Wu
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Population Attributable Risk ◽  
Attributable Risk

scholarly journals Latent Class Analysis of Brain Injury Symptomatology among College Students

2017 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. e14-e22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Hux ◽  
Jessica Brown ◽  
Matthew Lambert
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
General Health ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mild Brain Injury ◽  
Mean Equality

Background Incidents potentially causing mild brain injury (BI) are common, and most people recover rapidly; however, a subset experiences long-lasting challenges. Objective This study used latent class analysis to identify a subset of college students presenting chronic symptomatology consistent with a mild BI diagnosis and pseudo-class mean equality tests to examine relations between latent classes and BI event and academic outcome variables. Methods Participants were 118/423 undergraduates self-reporting possible mild BIs through a survey about general health, daily habits, academic performance, and potential BI events. Twenty-four cognitive, physiological, or socio-emotional sequelae served to identify symptomatology profiles. Results A three-class model including 11% with high symptomatology, 49% with moderate symptomatology, and 40% with negligible symptomatology provided excellent fit and entropy. Symptoms best separating high and moderate classes were memory, thinking speed, new learning, and attention problems. Mean equality tests revealed no significant difference in number of BI events across classes, but high symptomatology respondents were significantly less likely to lose consciousness and significantly more likely to have lower grade point averages and to have failed courses than moderate symptomatology respondents. Discussion Cognitive problems are paramount in distinguishing college students with chronic high symptomatology following BI from those with moderate and negligible symptomatology. Because high symptomatology class individuals differ academically from their counterparts, a functional consequence of mild BI appears to exist. Conclusion About 1 in 10 undergraduate students self-reporting BI events experiences chronic symptomatology affecting general health and academic achievement. Because they may benefit from supportive services, accurate identification is critical.

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