Sociocultural and Behavioral Contexts of Condom Use in Heterosexual Married Couples in India: Challenges to the HIV Prevention Program

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gauri Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Holistic Health ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Sexual Relationships ◽  
Heterosexual Couples

This article examines sociocultural expectations of sexual behavior and the reasons why not using condoms may be logical to married heterosexual couples in India. Married women who report monogamous sexual relationships with their husbands are a high-risk group for HIV infection in India. Based on the public health model and a population-based perspective on HIV infection prevention, this article illustrates the underlying mechanisms that link the role of women in society, holistic health beliefs, and cultural beliefs about the transmission of HIV with the precursors to nonuse of condoms. The author concludes that promoting condom use requires an emphasis on family health, not only as contraceptives. Challenges for reducing the social stigma and developing a comprehensive policy on HIV prevention and AIDS treatment and care are discussed.

scholarly journals Prevalence of and Factors Associated With Extramarital Sex Among Nigerian Men

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kola Oyediran ◽  
Uche C. Isiugo-Abanihe ◽  
Bamikale J. Feyisetan ◽  
Gbenga P. Ishola
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Extramarital Sex ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Family ◽  
Gender Based

This study used data on currently married and cohabiting men aged 15 to 64 years from the 2003 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey to examine the prevalence of and factors associated with extramarital sex. The results show that 16% engaged in extramarital sex in the 12 months preceding the survey and had an average of 1.82 partners. The results also show statistically significant association between extramarital sex and ethnicity, religion, age, age at sexual debut, education, occupation, and place of residence. Based on the study results, it could be concluded that significant proportions of Nigerians are exposed to HIV infection through extramarital sex. A fundamental behavioral change expected in the era of HIV/AIDS is the inculcation of marital fidelity and emotional bonding between marital partners. The promotion of condom use among married couples should be intensified to protect women, a large number of whom are exposed to HIV infection from their spouses who engage in unprotected extramarital sex. And, because of gender-based power imbalances within the family, a large number of the women are unable to negotiate consistent condom use by their partners.

scholarly journals The review of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PreP) for HIV prevention

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-59
Author(s):  
Meriam Caboral Stevens ◽  
Godfrey Aneke ◽  
Andrew Neplock
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Global Health Issue ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Current Guidelines ◽  
Prevention Of Hiv

Human lmmunodeficiency Virus (HlV) epidemic continues to represent a major global health issue. Today, there are several tools available to prevent the spread of HIV infection. However, there are several constraints to the current prevention strategies including low condom use, low acceptance of testing, low awareness of vulnerability and more emphasis on treatment. Prevention strategy is redirected towards reducing acquisition of HIV. Pre-exposure prophylaxis or PrEP is the latest groundbreaking innovation in biomedical research in the prevention of HIV transmission.The purpose of this paper is to review preex ding the current guidelines in the use of PreP.

STUDYING OF KNOWLEDGES, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES (KAP) TOWARD HIV PREVENTION IN MSM IN KHANH HOA PROVINCE 2010

2012 ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
That Toan Ton ◽  
Xuan Chuong Tran
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Female Partners ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Objectives: Man who have sex with man (MSM) group is a high risk group of HIV infection. There are very rare studies about HIV infection in this group. Aims: Study knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) toward HIV prevention in MSM in Khanh Hoa province in 2010. Methods: A cross-sectional study among MSM over 16 years aged living in Khanh Hoa in which data were collected from June 2010 to June 2011. Results: Knowledge: Most of MSM have good knowledge about the ways of HIV transmission in which 47.5% have right answers to 14-15 questions about HIV prevention. Attitudes: 98.5% MSM are ready to do voluntary tests for HIV. 61.5% MSM did not discuss to male partners about HIV or STDs. Practices: 99.1% have used condom but 67.5% did not use condoms in the last contact with female partners. Only 19.6% MSM have received consultations about HIV. Conclusions: Most of MSM have good knowledge about the ways of HIV transmission. 98.5% MSM are ready to do voluntary tests for HIV. 99.1% have used condom. Only 19.6% MSM have received consultations about HIV.

Experience of HIV Prevention Interventions among Female Sex Workers in Delhi, India

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yadu Nath Singh ◽  
Anand Narayan Malaviya
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Hiv Seroprevalence ◽  
Hiv Prevention Intervention ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Prevention Interventions ◽  
Hiv Prevention Interventions

This paper describes the effect of HIV prevention intervention among female sex workers in Delhi. Over a 2-year period we found a marked increase in condom use with little increase in HIV seroprevalence. The prevalence of HIV infection did not increase during the study period (1 positive among 701 in 1988 vs 1 positive in 600 in 1990).

Preventing HIV Infection among Juvenile Delinquents: Educational Diagnosis Using the Health Belief Model

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. Lux ◽  
Rick Petosa
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Health Belief Model ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Juvenile Delinquents ◽  
Safer Sex ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Belief Model ◽  
The Health Belief Model

The purpose of this study was to use an enhanced version of the Health Belief Model as a conceptual framework to describe health beliefs and safer sex intentions for HIV prevention educational needs of juvenile delinquents between the ages of thirteen to eighteen years incarcerated in state supported training schools in Ohio. An accessible sample ( n = 452) of juvenile delinquents from four of nine institutions was the study population. Juvenile delinquents in this study were at high risk for HIV infection. They reported low rates of safer sex intentions. Rates of perceived barriers to condom use and perceived social barriers to safer sex were high and consistent with low rates of safer sex intention. Rates of self-efficacy for condom use were high but inconsistent with intentions. While a majority of subjects reported self-efficacy for discussion of sexual histories, a larger majority reported low efficacy for disclosing previous high-risk behavior. This suggests that discussion of sexual history with a partner may not be effective in reducing risk among this population. The primary source of information about HIV was the mass media. HIV prevention programs for juvenile delinquents should consider the current health beliefs of this high-risk, hard-to-reach population.

scholarly journals Risk factors for HIV infection among married couples in Rakai, Uganda: A cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne M. Nabukenya ◽  
Aminah Nambuusi ◽  
Joseph KB Matovu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Couple Relationships ◽  
Heterosexual Couples ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Evidence suggests that married couples are at an elevated risk of HIV infection. We explored the risk factors for HIV infection among married couples in settings with differing HIV prevalence in Rakai, Uganda.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 664 heterosexual couples living in three HIV prevalence strata (low: 9-11.2%; medium: 11.4-20% or high HIV prevalence: 21% or higher) in Rakai District, south-western Uganda, between November 2013 and February 2014. Data were collected on socio-demographic and behavioural characteristics from all consenting adults and aggregated to allow for couple-level analyses. We conducted bivariate and multivariable Logistic regression to assess the factors that were independently associated with HIV infection among married couples.Results: Of the 664 couples, 6.4% ( n =42) were in HIV-discordant relationships; 5.8% ( n =39) were in concordant HIV-positive relationships while 87.8% ( n =583) were in concordant HIV-negative relationships. At the bivariate analysis, we found that individuals residing in a high HIV prevalence stratum had 4 times the odds of living as part of an HIV infected couple (odds ratio [OR]=4.29; 95% CI:2.95 6.25) than those in other lower HIV prevalence strata. Individuals who had been in at least three previous couple relationships were six times more likely to be part of an HIV infected couple (OR=6.25, 95% CI:4.11, 9.17) than their counterparts. After adjusting for potential cofounders, living in a high HIV prevalence stratum (Adjusted OR [AOR] =2.31, 95% CI: 1.52, 3.52) and being in a second (AOR=3.32, 95% CI: 2, 33, 4.70), third or higher order relationship (AOR=3.79, 95% CI: 2.29, 6.28) were associated with couple HIV infection. Individuals that had stayed together for six or more years had 28% odds of being part of an HIV infected couple (AOR = 0.28; 95%CI: 0.18, 0.43).Conclusion: The risk factors associated with HIV infection in married couples were living in a high HIV prevalence stratum and having a higher number of previous couple relationships. These findings suggest a need for pre-marital couples’ HIV testing to reduce on the number of relationships that form when one or both partners are already infected with HIV.

Applying the developmental model of marital competence to sexual satisfaction: Associations between conflict resolution quality, forgiveness, attachment, and sexual satisfaction

2021 ◽  
pp. 026540752098485
Author(s):  
David B. Allsop ◽  
Chelom E. Leavitt ◽  
Matthew T. Saxey ◽  
Joshua E. Timmons ◽  
Jason S. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Sexual Satisfaction ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Sexual Relationships ◽  
Developmental Model ◽  
Heterosexual Couples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Comprehensive Framework

Sexual satisfaction is a complex construct that is affected by many diverse factors. Without a comprehensive framework guiding their work, scholars and practitioners who work with married couples may inadvertently focus on a single factor affecting sexual satisfaction and subsequently limit the effectiveness of their research and practice. Through discussion and an empirical example, the current study explores how the developmental model of marital competence—a comprehensive theory for understanding marital processes—can be used by scholars and practitioners to guide their work on sexual satisfaction and broaden their approach. Utilizing U.S. nationally representative data from 2,114 mixed-sex couples and guided by the actor-partner-interdependence-model, cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between wives’ and husbands’ sexual satisfaction and three factors—conflict resolution quality, forgiveness, and anxious and avoidant attachment—that correspond to the three domains of the developmental model of marital competence—marital communication, marital virtues, and marital identities—were tested. Results of the current study provide empirical support for the use of the developmental model of marital competence when approaching work on sexual relationships among married, heterosexual couples. For both partners, variables from each of the three domains of this model were associated with sexual satisfaction cross-sectionally, and variables in one domain—attachment avoidance and anxiety—were associated with changes in sexual satisfaction over time. The merits of researchers and practitioners integrating the developmental model of marital competence into their work are discussed.

scholarly journals Understanding and managing HIV infection risk among men who have sex with men in rural Uganda: a qualitative study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia Jacenta Nakiganda ◽  
Stephen Bell ◽  
Andrew E. Grulich ◽  
David Serwadda ◽  
Rosette Nakubulwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Community Outreach ◽  
Sexual Relationships ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Rural Settings ◽  
Sex With Men

Abstract Background Same-sex sexual relations are criminalised in Uganda, and men who have sex with men (MSM) experience a high burden of HIV infection. In Uganda, health promotion policies focus on equity in healthcare and creating enabling environments. At present there is limited evidence upon which to enhance engagement of MSM in rural settings into effective HIV prevention. To fill this gap, our study explored MSM’s understandings of HIV risk and strategies used to reduce HIV risk in their sexual lives. Methods In-depth interviews were conducted with sixteen MSM in rural communities in Southwestern Uganda. Inductive thematic analysis examined men’s perceptions of HIV risk and strategies of reducing their own HIV risks. Results Understandings of HIV risk and risk practices were framed by lack of access to condoms, challenges negotiating condom and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use, and condomless sex being reported as more pleasurable than sex with condoms. Strategies men perceived as enabling them to manage HIV risk included: PrEP use; condom use; knowing partners’ HIV status; avoiding partners associated with HIV risk; oral sex; withdrawal before ejaculation and washing one’s penis after sex. There were several misconceptions arising from poor HIV prevention knowledge. Strategies reliant on communication and negotiation with sexual partners were inhibited by gendered powered imbalances. Conclusions Our findings illustrate that MSM in rural settings in Uganda are making concerted efforts to implement strategies that might reduce risk of HIV transmission and infection within their sexual relationships. Key HIV health promotion and service-related strategies to support MSM with these efforts include an effective condom and lubricant supply chain; a PrEP program in trusted local health units, implemented via discreet community-outreach mechanisms; and same-sex specific HIV-related health promotion.

scholarly journals Protected Sex with Paid Sexual Partner among Married Men in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
I Gusti Ngurah Edi Putra
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Sexual Partner ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Male Clients ◽  
Spousal Communication ◽  
Married Men

Background: Married men who are male clients of sex workers play an important role as “bridge population” of HIV infection from the concentrated epidemic population to the general population. This study aimed to investigate the protected sex with last paid sexual partner among currently married men in Indonesia.  Method: A nationally representative population-based survey, 2012 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) which covered 33 provinces in Indonesia was applied in this study. Out of 9,306 currently married men, 510 records of married men who reported for ever paying someone for having sex were eligible for this study. A dependent variable was protected sex (i.e. condom use) at last sex with a paid sexual partner whilst independent variables consisted of socio-demographic factors, spousal communication on HIV prevention, knowledge of HIV prevention, and attitude of condom use. Binary logistic regression was applied for bivariate and multivariate analysis.Results: Prevalence of condom use with a paid sexual partner at last sex among currently married men was 27.86% [95%CI=23.89-32.20]. Based on multivariate analysis, married men were less likely to use a condom with a paid sexual partner if they aged ≥ 40 years old (OR=0.48; 95%CI=0.30-0.76) versus those aged < 40 years old and worked in some sectors: clerical (OR=0.22; 95%CI=0.08-0.61), sales (OR=0.40; 95%CI=0.17-0.95), agricultural/self-employed (0.32; 95%CI=0.13-0.75), skilled manual (OR=0.38; 95%CI=0.18-0.79) compared to those working in professional/technical/engineering sectors. However, those who were from poorer (OR=2.28; 95%CI=1.08-4.82) and richest household (OR=3.08; 95%CI=1.32-7.20) were more likely to perform protected sex compared to the poorest ones. In addition, the likelihood of protected sex also increased when married men had spousal communication on HIV prevention (OR=1.84;95%CI=1.17-2.90), knew that using condoms can reduce HIV infection (OR=2.15; 95%CI=1.14-4.08) and had a positive attitude of using condoms can protect against diseases (OR=3.05; 95%CI=1.14-8.16). Conclusion: Interventional approaches for increasing protected sex among married men as clients of sex workers should be integrated with existing HIV program among other key affected populations (e.g., FSWs) at sex workers’ workplaces setting through providing HIV-related information, ensuring uninterrupted stocks of condoms, and enforcing condom use regulation.

scholarly journals Psychological Sense of Community and the Use of Condoms and PrEP Among a Sample of Aging Black MSM

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 824-824
Author(s):  
Andre Brown ◽  
Mark Brennan-Ing ◽  
Steven Meanley ◽  
Sabina Haberlen ◽  
Deanna Ware ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychological Sense Of Community ◽  
Hiv Risk Reduction ◽  
Psychological Sense

Abstract Psychological sense of community (PSOC) in Black men who have sex with men (BMSM) may facilitate condom and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use to prevent HIV transmission. Understanding BMSM’s PSOC contribution to HIV risk reduction may inform HIV prevention efforts for this population, that is disproportionately affected by HIV. Adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and HIV status, we conducted logistic regressions to test the association between PSOC and condom use among aging BMSM (n=176). Multivariate analyses exhibited no association between PSOC and condom use (AOR= 0.994, 95% CI= 0.942, 1.049). HIV+ participants had higher condom use odds compared to HIV- participants (AOR= 4.031, 95% CI= 1.723, 9.426). A sub-analysis of HIV- participants (n=61), showed no associated between PSOC and PrEP use (AOR= 1.002, 95% CI= 0.904, 1.112). These results have implications for secondary HIV prevention and future research on alternative aspects of social support that may increase BMSM’s HIV risk reduction behaviors.

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