Daily use of beta carotene supplements did not prevent skin cancer, but daily sunscreen use reduced the incidence of squamous cell carcinomas

BACKGROUND: Non-melanoma skin cancer, a common designation for both basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas, is the most frequent malignant skin neoplasm. OBJECTIVE: Epidemiologic characterization of the population with Non-melanoma skin cancer. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of all patients diagnosed with Non-melanoma skin cancer based on histopathologic analysis of all incisional or excisional skin biopsies performed between 2004 and 2008 in a Department of Dermatology. RESULTS: A total of 3075 Non-melanoma skin cancers were identified, representing 88% of all malignant skin neoplasms (n=3493) diagnosed in the same period. Of those, 68,3% were basal cell carcinomas. Most Non-melanoma skin cancer patients were female and over 60 years old. Of all Non-melanoma skin cancer, 81,7% (n=1443) were located in sun-exposed skin, and represented 95,1% of malignant skin neoplasms in sun-exposed skin. Non-melanoma skin cancer was the most frequent malignant skin neoplasm in most topographic locations, except for abdomen and pelvis - over 95% of all malignant skin neoplasms in the face, neck and scalp were Non-melanoma skin cancer. Basal cell carcinomas were clearly predominant in all locations, except in upper and lower limbs, lower lip and genitals, where squamous cell carcinomas represented respectively 77,7%, 77,4%, 94,7% and 95,3% of the Non-melanoma skin cancers. CONCLUSION: Being the most common skin cancer, Non-melanoma skin cancer should be under constant surveillance, in order to monitor its epidemiologic dynamics, the efficiency of preventive measures and the adaptation of the healthcare resources.

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Role ofp53andCDKN2AInactivation in Human Squamous Cell Carcinomas

Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology ◽

10.1155/2007/43418 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2007 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Alessia Pacifico ◽

Giovanni Leone

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Skin Cancer ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Human Cancer ◽

Suppressor Gene ◽

Human Melanoma ◽

Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽

Human Cancer Cells ◽

Genetic Abnormalities ◽

Human And Mouse

p53tumor suppressor gene is the most commonly mutated gene in human and mouse cancers. Disruption of thep53andRbpathways is a fundamental trend of most human cancer cells. Inactivation ofCDKN2Acan lead to deregulation of these two pathways. Genetic abnormalities inCDKN2Agene have been well documented in human melanoma but their involvement in human nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and in particular in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is less clear. Several studies have shown that human SCCs harbour unique mutations in thep53gene as well as inactivation of theCDKN2Agene. While mutations in thep53gene are induced by UV radiation and represent tumor initiating events, the majority of alterations detected in theCDKN2Agene do not appear to be UV-dependent. In conclusion, in addition top53mutations, silencing of theCDKN2Agene might play a significant role in SCC development.

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Increased incidence of non-melanomatous skin cancer in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, an 11-year case-control study

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.19554 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽

pp. 19554-19554

Author(s):

M. W. Schoen ◽

P. S. Gable ◽

A. M. Reese

Keyword(s):

Skin Cancer ◽

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Basal Cell ◽

Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽

Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽

Skin Cancers ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Malignant Lesions

19554 Background: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is a disease of B lymphocytes that affects immune tolerance and surveillance. Patients with CLL have an increased risk of basal and squamous cell skin carcinomas, which tend to be aggressive. We report the incidence of non-melanomatous (NM) in a >80% Caucasian cohort of patients with CLL and compared them to normal controls who reside in Southern California. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of all patients in the Naval Medical Center San Diego tumor registry with CLL diagnosed between Jan 1, 1995 and Dec 31, 2005. The electronic records of 74 CLL patients and 100 control patients from the internal medicine clinic were assessed for skin biopsies performed at our institution revealing NM skin malignancies. Results: Within our CLL population, the average age at diagnosis was 72.2 years. 34% (25/74) had NM skin cancer with an incidence of 11,457 NM skin cancers per 100,000 person-years. The average number of malignant lesions was 3.7 per patient with one patient receiving 17 biopsies. 27% (7/25) of CLL patients with NM skin cancer had only squamous cell carcinoma and 23% (6/25) had only basal cell carcinoma. 42% (11/25) of patients had both squamous and basal cell cancers and one had a Merkel cell carcinoma. In the control population, the average age at diagnosis was 76.4 years. 16% (16/100) had NM skin malignancies with an incidence of 5,333 NM skin cancers per 100,000 person-years. The average number of malignant lesions was 3.7 per patient with one patient receiving 28 biopsies. 63% (10/16) had basal cell carcinomas, only 25% (4/16) had squamous cell carcinomas and 13% (2/16) had both types of cancer. Conclusions: Patients with CLL are at increased risk of developing NM skin cancers, especially squamous cell carcinomas. Patients with CLL have a 2.1 times higher risk of developing NM skin cancer than our control population, who had an incredibly high rate of skin cancer compared to prior publications. CLL patients should be closely screened for cutaneous malignancies in order to excise them before they cause further morbidity. Increased surveillance is especially prudent for elderly patients with fair skin types who have been exposed to a large amount of UV-light. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Mutations of Fas (APO-1/CD95) and p53 Genes in Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer

Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery ◽

10.1177/120347540300700203 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 112-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Laura Boldrini ◽

Barbara Loggini ◽

Silvia Gisfredi ◽

Ylenia Zucconi ◽

Fulvia Baldinotti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skin Cancer ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Basal Cell ◽

Fas Ligand ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Genetic Alterations ◽

Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer ◽

Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽

Coding Region ◽

Ligand Expression

Background: There is considerable evidence that apoptosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of skin diseases. Apoptosis failure may ensure the survival of transformed cells prone to sustain further genetic damage and it plays an important part in the development of tumors. Genetic alterations of Fas and p53, with consequent inactivation of gene protein products, may be involved in transcriptional downregulation of Fas. Objective: We investigated Fas and its ligand expression in 30 cases of nonmelanoma skin cancer, 19 basal cell and 11 squamous cell carcinomas, and we also analyzed Fas and p53 status, in an attempt to detect putative alterations. Method: Fas and its ligand expression were evaluated by RT-PCR; the promoter and the entire coding region of Fas, and the coding exons 4–9 of p53 were investigated by polymerase chain reaction, single strand conformation polymorphism, and DNA sequencing. Results: Fas alterations were found in 3/19 (15.8%) basal cell and in 4/11 (36.4%) squamous cell carcinomas. Five out of 25 cases (3/19 basal cell and 2/11 squamous cell carcinomas) were p53-mutated, and in the majority of these cases there were concomitant mutations of the Fas gene (χ2 test; p = 0.035). Conclusion: Taken together, our findings highlight an involvement of the Fas/Fas-ligand system in the development of skin cancer, suggesting that the loss of its apoptotic function, in some cases linked to p53 alterations, may contribute to the self-maintenance of cancer cells.

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Interventions to Increase Sunscreen Use in Adults: A Review of the Literature

Health Education & Behavior ◽

10.1177/10901981211046534 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 109019812110465

Author(s):

Nicholas Allen ◽

Diona L. Damian

Keyword(s):

Skin Cancer ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽

Future Research ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Sunscreen Use ◽

Skin Cancers ◽

Basal Cell Carcinomas ◽

Daily Application ◽

Common Malignancy

Skin cancers are the most common malignancy in Australia. Regular sunscreen use can reduce the incidence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas and actinic keratoses and has been associated with reducing the incidence of basal cell carcinomas and melanomas. However, sunscreen effectiveness is limited by the failure of the population to use it routinely. Interventions that promote the daily application of sunscreen may reduce the morbidity, mortality, and economic burden associated with skin malignancies. We reviewed the literature that examines the effectiveness of interventions to increase routine sunscreen use and found that no one strategy has been shown to be clearly effective in adults and that relatively few studies have aimed to increase routine use in groups at extreme skin cancer risk. Future research should consider how interventions can be best designed and how sunscreen use is measured so that cost-effective, feasible strategies that result in improved sunscreen use in adults can be established.

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A comparison of the direct medical costs for individuals with or without basal or squamous cell skin cancer: A study from Australia

SAGE Open Medicine ◽

10.1177/2050312116646030 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 205031211664603 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

David Rowell ◽

Louisa G Gordon ◽

Catherine M Olsen ◽

David C Whiteman

Keyword(s):

Skin Cancer ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Medical Costs ◽

Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽

Health Conditions ◽

Health Insurance Data ◽

Direct Medical Costs ◽

History Of ◽

Insurance Data ◽

Health Service Costs

Objectives: The composition of the medical costs incurred by people treated for basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas (hereafter keratinocyte cancers) is not adequately understood. We sought to compare the medical costs of individuals with or without keratinocyte cancers. Methods: We used national health insurance data to analyze the direct medical costs of 2000 cases and 2000 controls nested within the QSkin prospective cohort study (n = 43,794) conducted in Australia. We reconstructed the medical history of patients using medical and pharmaceutical item codes and then compared the health service costs of individuals treated for keratinocyte cancers with those not treated for keratinocyte cancers. Results: Individuals treated for keratinocyte cancers consumed on average AUD$1320 per annum more in medical services than those without keratinocyte cancers. Only 23.2% of costs were attributed to the explicit treatment of keratinocyte cancers. The principal drivers of the residual costs were medical attendances, surgical procedures on the skin, and histopathology services. We found significant positive associations between history of treatment for keratinocyte cancers with treatments for other health conditions, including melanoma, cardiovascular disease, lipidemia, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, and tuberculosis. Conclusion: Individuals treated for keratinocyte cancers have substantially higher medical costs overall than individuals without keratinocyte cancers. The direct costs of skin cancer excision account for only one-fifth of this difference.

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Association between basal, squamous cell carcinomas, dysplastic nevi and myotonic muscular dystrophy indicates an important role of RNA-binding proteins in development of human skin cancer

Archives of Dermatological Research ◽

10.1007/s00403-009-0997-8 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 302 (3) ◽

pp. 169-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Alexander Zemtsov

Keyword(s):

Skin Cancer ◽

Muscular Dystrophy ◽

Human Skin ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Rna Binding ◽

Rna Binding Proteins ◽

Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽

Dysplastic Nevi ◽

Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy

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Ultrastructural features of prognostic significance in human oral cancer

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100123490 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 618-619

Author(s):

Karvita B. Ahluwalia ◽

Nidhi Sharma

Keyword(s):

Oral Cancer ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Common Knowledge ◽

Prognostic Significance ◽

Growth Control ◽

Terminal Differentiation ◽

Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽

Effective Therapy ◽

Invasive Potential ◽

Biological Behaviour

It is common knowledge that apparently similar tumors often show different responses to therapy. This experience has generated the idea that histologically similar tumors could have biologically distinct behaviour. The development of effective therapy therefore, has the explicit challenge of understanding biological behaviour of a tumor. The question is which parameters in a tumor could relate to its biological behaviour ? It is now recognised that the development of malignancy requires an alteration in the program of terminal differentiation in addition to aberrant growth control. In this study therefore, ultrastructural markers that relate to defective terminal differentiation and possibly invasive potential of cells have been identified in human oral leukoplakias, erythroleukoplakias and squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue.

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