Tools for managing feline problem behaviours: Owner understanding and involvement

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1015-1023
Author(s):  
Vicky Halls
Keyword(s):  
Communication Skills ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Human Medicine ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Good Communication ◽  
The Past ◽  
Specific Behaviour ◽  
Problem Behaviours ◽  
Referral Practice

Practical relevance: Good communication skills are at the heart of best practice for veterinarians and behaviourists (be they veterinarians/nurses/technicians with specialist behaviour training and qualifications or clinical animal behaviourists). Hence gaining an understanding of how to engage clients to become involved in their pets’ treatment, both medical and behavioural, is relevant to all who work in this field. Clinical challenges: Poor communication skills can be responsible for owners’ lack of compliance regarding both medical treatment and implementation of behavioural protocols. Evidence base: Much of the evidence-based information on effective communication comes from the fields of human psychology and psychotherapy, human medicine and business, with only a limited amount coming from the veterinary field. Therefore, some opinions expressed in this article are based on the author’s experience of treating cases in a cat-specific behaviour referral practice over the past 20 years and her work as a humanistic counsellor. Audience: Any veterinarians, veterinary nurses or technicians who are involved in the diagnosis or treatment of problem feline behaviour in practice would benefit from knowledge of what promotes and also hinders owner understanding and involvement.

Tools for managing feline problem behaviours: Environmental and behavioural modification

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1005-1014
Author(s):  
Vicky Halls
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Base ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Practical Relevance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Behavioural Modification ◽  
Specific Behaviour ◽  
Problem Behaviours ◽  
Work Up ◽  
Referral Practice

Practical relevance: Problem feline behaviour can be managed successfully by early diagnosis and intervention, good first-aid advice in veterinary practice and then, if necessary, a referral to a suitably qualified behaviourist for those cases that are complex. There are a number of tools available to assist in the resolution of problem feline behaviour and this article will cover environmental modification and behavioural modification. Clinical challenges: Problem feline behaviours are not uncommon and the veterinary team often have to rely on their own knowledge to assist clients if a specialist behaviourist is not available. Evidence base: There is a lack of evidence-based information regarding how best to work-up and treat cases of problem feline behaviour in practice; therefore, some recommendations within this article are based on the author’s experience of treating cases in a cat-specific behaviour referral practice over the past 20 years. However, there is evidence available regarding how best to enrich a cat’s environment and how to ensure a cat’s environmental needs are met. Audience: Any veterinarians, veterinary nurses or technicians who are involved in the diagnosis or treatment of problem feline behaviour in practice would benefit from understanding the principles of environmental and behavioural modification.

An Eye on Vision: 20 Questions About Vision Screening and Eye Health

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kay Nottingham Chaplin ◽  
Kira Baldonado ◽  
Geoffrey E. Bradford ◽  
Susan Cotter ◽  
Bruce Moore
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
School Nurse ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Vision Screening ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Muscle Imbalance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Eye Health ◽  
Growing Body

Current evidence-based and best practice vision screening and eye health approaches, tools, and procedures are the result of revised national guidelines in the past 3 years and advances in research during the last 16 years. To help the busy school nurse with little time to keep up with changes in children’s vision practices and a growing body of literature, the National Center for Children’s Vision and Eye Health at Prevent Blindness is providing answers to 20 questions received most often from the field. Question topics are: (1) arranging the screening environment, (2) occluders to cover the eyes during vision screening, (3) optotype-based screening at distance, (4) optotype-based screening at near, (5) instrument-based screening, (6) muscle imbalance screening, (7) referrals, and (8) vision screening certification.

scholarly journals Communication with the Migraine Patient

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (S2) ◽  
pp. S1-S2 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.J. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Migraine Patient ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Good Communication ◽  
The Past ◽  
Physician Patient Communication ◽  
Physical Findings ◽  
Physician Patient ◽  
Improve Patient

Much has been added to our knowledge of effective physician-patient communication by the research of the past two decades. Good communication skills are especially important for the clinician dealing with a migraine patient, as neither laboratory tests nor diagnostic physical findings are available to assist the physician in diagnosis and treatment. It is important for clinicians to understand that effective communication skills can be taught and learned and that, once mastered, they have the potential to improve patient outcomes.

An Eye on Vision: Five Questions About Vision Screening and Eye Health—Part 3

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 279-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kay Nottingham Chaplin ◽  
Kira Baldonado ◽  
Susan Cotter ◽  
Bruce Moore ◽  
Geoffrey E. Bradford
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Vision Screening ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Screening Guidelines ◽  
The Past ◽  
Eye Health ◽  
Referral Criteria ◽  
Growing Body

Current evidence-based and best practice vision screening and eye health approaches, tools, and procedures are the result of revised national guidelines in the past 3 years and advances in research during the past 18 years. To help the busy school nurse with little time to keep up with changes in children’s vision practices and a growing body of literature, the National Center for Children’s Vision and Eye Health at Prevent Blindness is providing answers to five questions that are often received from the field. Topical areas are: (1) instrument-based screening for children ages 6 years and older, (2) stereoacuity screening and Random Dot E, (3) binocular distance visual acuity screening, (4) a 2-line difference between the eyes as part of referral criteria, and (5) state vision screening guidelines excluding evidence-based tools.

scholarly journals Moving beyond “Best Practice”: Experiences in Police Reform and a Call for Evidence to Reduce Officer-Involved Shootings

2020 ◽  
Vol 687 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin S. Engel ◽  
Hannah D. McManus ◽  
Gabrielle T. Isaza
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Police Reform ◽  
Reform Strategies ◽  
Police Executives ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Strong Body ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Evidence Based Policing

In post-Ferguson America, police departments are being challenged to implement evidence-based changes in policies and training to reduce fatal police-citizen encounters. Of the litany of recommendations believed to reduce police shootings, five have garnered widespread support: body-worn cameras, de-escalation training, implicit bias training, early intervention systems, and civilian oversight. These highly endorsed interventions, however, are not supported by a strong body of empirical evidence that demonstrates their effectiveness. Guided by the available research on evidence-based policing and informed by the firsthand experience of one of the authors in implementing departmental reforms that followed the fatal shooting of a civilian by an officer, this article highlights promising reform strategies and opportunities to build the evidence base for effective use-of-force reforms. We call upon police executives to engage in evidence-based policing by scientifically testing interventions, and we call on academics to engage in rapid research responses for critical issues in policing.

scholarly journals Developing best practice guidelines for designing living environments for people with dementia and sight loss

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 900-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALISON BOWES ◽  
ALISON DAWSON ◽  
CORINNE GREASLEY-ADAMS ◽  
LOUISE MCCABE
Keyword(s):  
Iterative Process ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Sight Loss ◽  
Research Findings

ABSTRACTThe paper considers a process of developing evidence-based design guidelines to be used in environments where people with dementia and sight loss are living. The research involved a systematically conducted literature review and a series of consultations with people affected by dementia and/or sight loss who lived or worked in care homes or in domestic settings. Findings from the literature and the consultations were used in an iterative process to develop the guidelines. The process is outlined, providing examples from the guidelines about lighting and colour and contrast. In discussing the research findings and the development process, the authors consider implications of the work including the weakness of the evidence base, the challenges of improving this and the need for innovative approaches to understanding the complexities of design for people with dementia and sight loss. They highlight the emphasis in the literature on independence for people with sight loss and the focus on control of people with dementia, arguing that this falls short of a genuinely person-centred approach, which recognises the active participation of people with dementia and sight loss.

Evidence-Based Practices for Teaching Learners on the Autism Spectrum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda A. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Structured Learning ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Evidence Based Practices ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Inclusive School ◽  
Child Centered ◽  
Teachers And Parents

The rising number of students diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in schools, and the unique characteristics of these students, has led many educators and parents to question the types of programs and strategies that are most effective in supporting them to achieve within school climates and curriculum of the early 21st century. Moreover, educators and parents must sort through the plethora of information and reports of interventions and treatments claiming to treat or cure autism in order to determine what strategies will best support their children or students. A number of studies have focused on determining the evidence base of specific practices for students on the autism spectrum. However, only a few have investigated the applicability of these strategies in inclusive school environments or specifically employed strategies to address academic needs. This has created a research-to-practice gap for educators working with students on the autism spectrum in inclusive school settings. More promising are studies which have highlighted elements of effective practice in education programs. An analysis of this research reveals four principles of best practice for schools and educators working with students on the autism spectrum: provision of a supportive and structured learning environment for staff and students; consistent provision of child-centered and evidence-based curriculum and instruction; multidisciplinary engagement and collaboration; and meaningful communication and collaboration between families and schools. These principles provide a framework for teachers and parents to work alongside students on the autism spectrum to plan, implement and evaluate strategies that can be embedded and implemented in the class program and are effective in supporting the specific needs of individual students on the autism spectrum.

Cardiology

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
The Past ◽  
Clinical Cardiology ◽  
Treatment Of Hypertension ◽  
St Elevation

To date, several thousand randomized trials of cardiac treatments have been published, and, over the past few decades, clinical cardiology has gradually evolved from an experience-based to an evidence-based specialty. This chapter focuses on familiarizing clinicians with some of the evidence underpinning contemporary cardiological practice and encourages interest in the future development of the cardiological evidence base. Using an eclectic selection and providing a balanced interpretation of trial results, it takes trials that have influenced cardiological practice, covering topics such as the optimal treatment of hypertension, non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome, and heart failure.

From gut feeling to evidence base: drivers and barriers to the development of health care for older people

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul V. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
The Past ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Complex Scenario ◽  
Care For Older People ◽  
Do So

Key points• Major advances in medicine, policy, and services for older people have been made over the past fifty years.• The numbers of older people in the UK and elsewhere are increasing and will continue to do so.• This increase has concomitant sociological, medical, and economic challenges that need to be met because they affect the provision of services at all levels.• These challenges are occurring at a time when resources are becoming scarcer and budgets shrinking.• Governments are faced with orchestrating infrastructure and policy in this demanding and complex scenario.• Managers are attempting to do more with less.• Clinicians and other medical professionals are trying to base treatments on sound evidence-based strategies.• There is recognition of the need to include older people and the general public in these processes.• Research may provide us with information that can help resolve these problems.

scholarly journals Ensuring Consistent European-Wide Urological Care by the Use of Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines: Can We Do Better

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (Suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Emma Jane Smith ◽  
Steven MacLennan ◽  
Anders Bjartell ◽  
Alberto Briganti ◽  
Thomas Knoll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Practice Guidelines ◽  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Robust Methods ◽  
Practice Recommendations

The European Association of Urology (EAU) annually updates 21 clinical practice guidelines in which summaries of the evidence base and best practice recommendations are made. The methodology applied to achieve this and integrate stakeholder opinion is continuously improving. However, there is evidence to suggest wide variation in clinical practice indicating that many patients receive suboptimal and heterogeneous care. Studies from certain countries suggest that 2 out of 5 patients do not receive care according to the current scientific evidence, and in 1 out of 4 cases the care provided is potentially harmful. Clearly, the harmonisation of care in alignment with evidence-based best practice recommendations is something to strive for. Development of robust methods to disseminate and implement guideline recommendations and measure their impact is an objective the EAU is committed to improving. An important strategy for achieving harmonisation in urological care across Europe is to ensure the availability of high-quality clinical practice guidelines and to actively promote their implementation by clinicians and healthcare providers.

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