Effects of High-Intensity Endurance and Resistance Exercise on HIV Metabolic Abnormalities: A Pilot Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Patrick Robinson ◽  
Lauretta T. Quinn ◽  
James H. Rimmer
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Training Program ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Electron Beam Tomography ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Randomized Controlled

The purposes of this pilot study were to examine the effects of a 16-week supervised high-intensity combined endurance and resistance exercise training program on HIV-associated metabolic abnormalities (abdominal adiposity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance) and to explore methodological issues related to the design and implementation of the research protocol in preparation for a randomized controlled trial. A one-group pretest-posttest design was used, with outcomes measured at baseline and within 1 week after the conclusion of the training program. The exercise program consisted of 16 weeks (preceded by a 2-week phase-in period) of three endurance sessions (20 min at 70%-80% of VO 2max) and two resistance sessions per week (one set of 8-10 repetitions at 80% of one-repetition maximum on seven exercises). Outcome measures included lipid levels (total, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides), visceral and subcutaneous adipose area measured by electron beam tomography, fat and lean mass of trunk and limbs measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and insulin sensitivity measured by the homeostatic model assessment. Nine participants were recruited, 5 of whom completed the intervention and had pretest and posttest data available for analyses. Aerobic capacity and strength improved over the course of the intervention. Statistically significant decreases were found for total and trunk fat mass (1,324.9 g [± 733.6] and 992.8 g [± 733.6], respectively). Triglycerides decreased by 59 mg/dL (± 69.88), and insulin sensitivity decreased by 15.7% (± 41.7%), neither of which was a statistically significant change. Results suggest that further testing of the combined exercise intervention in a randomized controlled design is warranted.

Body mass index and ovarian function are associated with endocrine and metabolic abnormalities in women with hyperandrogenic syndrome

2008 ◽  
Vol 158 (5) ◽  
pp. 711-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Cupisti ◽  
N Kajaia ◽  
R Dittrich ◽  
H Duezenli ◽  
M W Beckmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Homeostatic Model

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate associations of clinical features, such as hirsutism, polycystic ovaries (PCOs), ovulatory dysfunction, and body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2, with metabolic abnormalities in hyperandrogenic women.MethodsHirsutism was based on the modified Ferriman–Gallwey score. Ovulatory function was classified as eumenorrhea, oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea, and PCOs were assessed using the ultrasound criteria recommended in the Rotterdam definition. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed. Different insulin resistance (IR) indices were calculated.ResultsHirsute women had significantly higher BMI, DHEA sulfate (DHEAS) and free androgen index (FAI), and significantly lower values for sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). Women with amenorrhea were younger in comparison to women with eumenorrhea and had significantly higher values for fasting insulin (FI) and 1- and 2-h insulin levels; lower values for glucose to insulin ratio (GIR), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), and SHBG. Women with PCO had significantly higher levels of LH and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), whereas high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were significantly lower. Women with a BMI ≥25 kg/m2 had significantly higher values for age, fasting plasma glucose, FI, and 1- and 2-h glucose and insulin levels, homeostatic model for assessment of IR (HOMA-IR), homeostatic model for assessment of B-cell function (HOMA-B), and FAI, whereas their GIR, insulin sensitivity index, QUICKI, SHBG, and HDL were significantly lower.ConclusionsIn women with hyperandrogenic syndrome, BMI≥25 kg/m2 and amenorrhea appear to be associated with severe endocrine and metabolic abnormalities.

scholarly journals The Effect of Metformin on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Overweight Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Guan ◽  
Dongjun Wang ◽  
Huaien Bu ◽  
Tieniu Zhao ◽  
Hongwu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Overweight Women ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Objective. Metformin is an important component of PCOS treatment. At present, the effect of metformin in overweight women with PCOS has not been evaluated. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to assess the effects of metformin in overweight women with PCOS and to analyze the effects of metformin in overweight women with PCOS. Methods. We searched the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang databases for studies published before March 2020. Randomized controlled trials were identified to study the effects of metformin in overweight women with PCOS. Data from studies including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), luteinizing hormone (LH), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin, testosterone, and androstenedione were pooled. Qualified trials were selected, and methodological quality was strictly assessed. Two reviewers chose the studies independently of each other. Results. Twelve trials were included. The intervention group and the control group had significant differences in the changes in body mass index (BMI) (WMD = −1.25, 95% CI (−1.60, −0.91), p<0.00001) and waist circumference (WC) (WMD = −1.41, 95% CI (−2.46, −0.37), p=0.008) after metformin. The comprehensive results show that, in all studies, overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome treated with metformin had significantly improved endocrine and metabolic indicators, including testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, metformin did not regulate the secretion indexes of fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, sex hormone-binding globulin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, and androstenedione. Conclusions. Compared with control interventions, metformin appears to be an effective intervention for overweight women with PCOS.

scholarly journals Osteoprotegerin in relation to body weight, lipid parameters insulin sensitivity, adipocytokines, and C-reactive protein in obese and non-obese young individuals: results from both cross-sectional and interventional study

2008 ◽  
Vol 158 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Hélène Gannagé-Yared ◽  
Cesar Yaghi ◽  
Bassem Habre ◽  
Simon Khalife ◽  
Roger Noun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homa Index ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Obese Subjects

ObjectiveWe analyzed the relation of osteoprotegerin (OPG) with insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), adipocytokines, and C-reactive protein (CRP) in obese and non-obese subjects.MethodsIn the study, 170 subjects (106 obese and 64 non-obese, sex ratio female/male=2.03) were included. Thirty-two obese subjects were reevaluated 6 months after the weight loss induced by bariatric surgery.ResultsOPG did not differ between obese and non-obese subjects (respective mean values 5.17 and 4.96 pmol/l) or according to gender, but was positively correlated with age (P<0.0001 for both groups). OPG was statistically higher in 18 obese diabetic subjects compared with non-diabetics (P=0.03). After adjustment for age, no significant correlation was found between OPG and body mass index (BMI), waist, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, leptin, and adiponectin in both the obese and non-obese subjects. However, OPG was positively correlated with homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index and SGPT levels in obese subjects at baseline (r=0.295, r=0.20, P<0.05) and after adjustment for age (r=0.28, r=0.20, P<0.05). OPG was also significantly correlated with CRP; this correlation persisted after adjustment for age in obese subjects (r=0.30, P<0.01). In a multivariate analysis in the obese group, HOMA index and CRP were independent predictors of OPG while SGPT was not. Six months post-surgery, OPG did not change, despite a significant reduction in glucose, SGPT, cholesterol, triglycerides, CRP, and leptin values (P=0.02, P=0.006, P=0.007, P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001 respectively) and a significant increase in adiponectin and HDL values (P<0.001 for both variables).ConclusionOur results show that in obese subjects, OPG is not related to BMI. However, we describe new relationships between OPG and both HOMA index and CRP.

scholarly journals Correlation of Circulating Acid-Labile Subunit Levels with Insulin Sensitivity and Serum LDL Cholesterol in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Findings from a Prospective Study with Rosiglitazone

PPAR Research ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-Chuen Lai ◽  
Hung-Yuan Li ◽  
Ta-Jen Wu ◽  
Chi-Yuan Jeng ◽  
Lee-Ming Chuang
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Acid Labile Subunit ◽  
Acid Labile

Silencing of acid-labile subunit (ALS) improved glucose metabolism in animal models. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of rosiglitazone (RSG) on ALS levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted. Subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomly distributed to an RSG-treated(n=30)or a placebo(n=31)group. Patients were evaluated prior to treatment at baseline and at 12 and 24 weeks after treatment. At baseline, ALS levels were negatively associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) levels and homeostatic model assessment version 2 insulin sensitivity (HOMA2-%S). Over 24 weeks, there was a significantly greater reduction in ALS levels in the nonobese RSG-treated individuals than placebo-treated group. The effect of RSG on ALS was not significant in obese individuals. Fasting plasma glucose and hemoglobin A1c were reduced, but total cholesterol and LDLc were increased, in patients on RSG. Change in ALS levels predicted changes in total cholesterol and HOMA2-%S over time. This study suggested a BMI-dependent effect of RSG treatment on ALS levels. Reduction of ALS by RSG increases the risk of atherosclerosis in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

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