Adherence to topical glaucoma medications and associated factors in Gondar University Hospital Tertiary Eye Care Center, northwest Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dereje Hayilu Anbesse ◽  
Betelhem Temesgen Yibekal ◽  
Natnael Lakachew Assefa
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Urban Residence ◽  
Good Adherence ◽  
Gondar University Hospital ◽  
Male Sex

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine proportion of adherence to topical glaucoma medications and associated factors among glaucoma patients in Gondar University Hospital Tertiary Eye Care and Training Center, northwest Ethiopia. Methods: This cross-sectional design study was conducted on 360 participants from April–May 2017. Structured questionnaire was completed and adherence was assessed by patients’ self-report survey. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 20. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the determinant factors. The significance was considered at p value less than 0.05. Result: More than half, 221 (61.4%) (95% confidence interval: 56.1–66.7), of the study participants were found to adhere well to glaucoma medications. Male sex (adjusted odds ratio = 1.86 (95% confidence interval: 1.13–3.06)), urban residence (adjusted odds ratio = 2.33 (95% confidence interval: 1.46–3.72)), normal visual acuity (adjusted odds ratio = 2.23 (95% confidence interval: 1.13–4.42)), low visual acuity (adjusted odds ratio = 1.74 (95% confidence interval: 1.05–2.88)), and self-sponsor for medications (adjusted odds ratio = 0.21 (95% confidence interval: 0.12–0.38)) were significantly associated with good adherence Conclusion: The level of medication adherence to topical glaucoma medications is not good enough as compared to other studies done in Ethiopia. Male sex, urban residence, normal, and low visual acuity were positive predictors, whereas self-sponsored for medications was negative predictors for good adherence to glaucoma medications.

Regular STI testing amongst men who have sex with men and use social media is suboptimal – a cross-sectional study

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 573-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Frankis ◽  
Lisa Goodall ◽  
Dan Clutterbuck ◽  
Abdul-Razak Abubakari ◽  
Paul Flowers
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Anal Intercourse ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Sti Testing ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Sex With Men

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) disproportionately affect men who have sex with men, with marked increases in most STIs in recent years. These are likely underpinned by coterminous increases in behavioural risks which have coincided with the development of Internet and geospatial sociosexual networking. Current guidelines advocate regular, annual sexually transmitted infection testing amongst sexually active men who have sex with men (MSM), as opposed to symptom-driven testing. This paper explores sexually transmitted infection testing regularity amongst MSM who use social and sociosexual media. Data were collected from 2668 men in Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, recruited via social and gay sociosexual media. Only one-third of participants report regular (yearly or more frequent) STI testing, despite relatively high levels of male sex partners, condomless anal intercourse and high-risk unprotected anal intercourse. The following variables were associated with regular STI testing; being more ‘out’ (adjusted odds ratio = 1.79; confidence interval = 1.20–2.68), HIV-positive (adjusted odds ratio = 14.11; confidence interval = 7.03–28.32); reporting ≥10 male sex partners (adjusted odds ratio = 2.15; confidence interval = 1.47–3.14) or regular HIV testing (adjusted odds ratio = 48.44; confidence interval = 28.27–83.01). Men reporting long-term sickness absence from work/carers (adjusted odds ratio = 0.03; confidence interval = 0.00–0.48) and men aged ≤25 years (adjusted odds ratio = 0.36; 95% confidence interval = 0.19–0.69) were less likely to test regularly for STIs. As such, we identify a complex interplay of social, health and behavioural factors that each contribute to men’s STI testing behaviours. In concert, these data suggest that the syndemics placing men at elevated risk may also mitigate against access to testing and prevention services. Moreover, successful reduction of STI transmission amongst MSM will necessitate a comprehensive range of approaches which address these multiple interrelated factors that underpin MSM's STI testing.

scholarly journals Prevalence of visual impairment among school children in three primary schools of Sekela Woreda, Amhara regional state, north-west Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 205031211984976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengistu Zelalem ◽  
Yekoye Abebe ◽  
Yilikal Adamu ◽  
Tewodros Getinet
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Color Vision ◽  
School Children ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Color Vision Deficiency ◽  
Factors Associated

Background: Although there are limited studies, recent data are lacking to determine the prevalence of eye problems in Ethiopia accurately and there is no scientific evidence of such study in Sekela Woreda. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of visual impairment among school children in Sekela Woreda, Ethiopia. Methods: The study design was a community-based analytical cross-sectional with a multi-stage cluster random sampling technique from September to November 2016.Visual acuity was tested using Snellen’s “E” chart while color vision was tested using Ishihara chart. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software, and binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with visual impairment. Results: A total of 875 participants, 466 (53.3%) males and 409 (46.7%) females, with an age range of 8–18 years were screened for visual acuity and color vision deficiency. The prevalence of visual impairment (visual acuity ⩽ 6/12) in “either eye” was 70 (8.0%). Among these, 37 (52.9%) were males and 33 (41.1%) were females. The prevalence of low vision (visual acuity [Formula: see text]) and blindness (visual acuity < 3/60) in “either eye” were 28 (3.2%) and 10 (1.1%), respectively. Thirty two (3.7%) had mild visual impairment [Formula: see text]. The prevalence of color vision deficiency was 36 (4.1%). Among these, 27 (3%) were males and 9 (1.1%) were females. The variables age (adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 1.14 (1.01–1.28) and color blindness (adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 3.93(1.69–9.09) were significantly associated with visual impairment. Conclusion: The prevalence of blindness and low vision in school children were higher than the national prevalence in Ethiopia. Increasing age and color defective vision were factors associated with the children’s visual impairment. The Woreda health office ought to work with responsible stakeholders to tackle the situation in early childhood.

scholarly journals Magnitude and factors associated with anemia among pregnant women admitted to labor ward of Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212110473
Author(s):  
Serkalem Abdu ◽  
Tilahun Ali ◽  
Adera Debella ◽  
Nega Assefa ◽  
Kedir Teji Roba
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Meal Frequency ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Labor Ward

Objectives: Anemia is a common medical problem among pregnant women that will influence pregnancy and birth outcomes. In Ethiopia, there is a paucity of evidences regarding the problem among pregnant women admitted to labor ward. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the magnitude and factors associated with anemia among pregnant women admitted to labor ward for deliveries at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 314 pregnant women admitted to labor ward at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital in June 2020. Data were collected using an interviewer administered questionnaire and were entered into EpiData and analyzed using SPSS. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression analysis were done to identify predictors of anemia. Results: In this study, the magnitude of anemia was 37.9% (95% confidence interval: 32.4, 43.0). Short birth interval (adjusted odds ratio = 2.5; 95% confidence interval: 1.02, 6.13), history of blood loss during pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio = 4.3; 95% confidence interval: 1.86, 9.9), less consumption of citrus fruit within a week (adjusted odds ratio = 2.9; 95% confidence interval: 1.2, 6.9), and meal frequency less than three times per day during pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio = 2.2; 95% confidence interval: 1.0, 4.6) were significantly associated with anemia, respectively. Conclusion: This study pointed out that more than one-third of pregnant women affected by anemia. Thus, interventions that could reduce anemia, such as counseling about increasing of meal frequency during pregnancy, foods rich in iron, and prevention and management of blood loss are recommended.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Exposure of Baerveldt Glaucoma Drainage Implants: A Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayaka Edo ◽  
Koji Jian ◽  
Yoshiaki Kiuchi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Implant Surgery ◽  
Implant Exposure ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Abstract Background: Glaucoma drainage implant exposure is one of the serious complications after glaucoma drainage implant surgery. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the risk factors for exposure of the device after implantation of a Baerveldt glaucoma drainage implant.Methods: This is a retrospective review of the medical records of all patients who underwent Baerveldt glaucoma drainage implant surgery at the Hiroshima University Hospital between April 1, 2012 and October 31, 2016, and who were followed for at least 6 months after surgery. We examined the risk factors for implant exposure based on data obtained from the medical records, with particular focus on the differences in implant models.Results: A total of 80 eyes from 80 patients were identified; all patients were Japanese. In this study, the rate of Baerveldt glaucoma drainage implant exposure was 15.0% (12 of 80). The exposure rate of the BG 102-350 was tended to be higher than that for the BG 101-350 and BG 103-250 (p=0.092; adjusted odds ratio=3.34; 95% confidence interval, 0.82–13.58). In the patients who had diabetic mellitus, the BG 102-350 showed a significant risk of implant exposure (p=0.038; adjusted odds ratio =15.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.17–202.59).Conclusions: In Baerveldt glaucoma drainage implant surgery in patients with diabetes, using the BG 102-350 was associated with greater risk of implant exposure compared with using BG 101-350 or BG 103-250.

scholarly journals Risk factors for exposure of Baerveldt glaucoma drainage implants: a case-control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayaka Edo ◽  
Koji Jian ◽  
Yoshiaki Kiuchi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Implant Surgery ◽  
Implant Exposure ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Abstract Background Glaucoma drainage implant exposure is one of the serious complications after glaucoma drainage implant surgery. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the risk factors for exposure of the device after implantation of a Baerveldt glaucoma drainage implant. Methods This is a retrospective review of the medical records of all patients who underwent Baerveldt glaucoma drainage implant surgery at the Hiroshima University Hospital between April 1, 2012 and October 31, 2016, and who were followed for at least 6 months after surgery. We examined the risk factors for implant exposure based on data obtained from the medical records, with a particular focus on the differences in implant models. Results A total of 80 eyes from 80 patients were identified; all patients were Japanese. In this study, the rate of Baerveldt glaucoma drainage implant exposure was 15.0% (12 of 80 eyes). The exposure rate for the BG 102-350 tended to be higher than that for the BG 101-350 and BG 103-250 (p = 0.092; adjusted odds ratio = 3.34; 95% confidence interval, 0.82–13.58). In the patients who had diabetic mellitus, the BG 102-350 showed a significant risk of implant exposure (p = 0.038; adjusted odds ratio = 15.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.17–202.59). Conclusions In Baerveldt glaucoma drainage implant surgery in patients with diabetes, using the BG 102-350 was associated with greater risk of implant exposure compared with using the BG 101-350 or BG 103-250.

scholarly journals Cataract and associated factors among adults visiting ophthalmic clinic at Debre Markos comprehensive specialized hospital, northwest Ethiopia, 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212198963
Author(s):  
Mengistu Zelalem Wale ◽  
Mengist Derbew ◽  
Melkamu Tilahun ◽  
Mesenbet Terefe
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Source Population ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Debre Markos

Introduction: Globally, it is estimated that 2.2 billion people have a visual impairment, of which around 65.2 million is due to cataract. Cataract is the leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide, with the greatest burden found in low-income countries. That is providing recent epidemiological data is very crucial to design intervention measures. The aim of this study was to assess the magnitude and associated factors of cataract among adults visiting ophthalmic clinic, Debre Markos comprehensive specialized hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020. Methods: The sample size was calculated using single population formula and determined to be 174. All adult participants aged ⩾40 were the source population and those fulfilling the inclusion criteria were the study population. An institutional-based cross-sectional study design using a systematic random sampling technique was conducted from July to August, 2020. Semi-structured questionnaires and patients’ card were used to collect data. Data were entered into epi-data version 4.6 and the analysis was conducted using SPSS-25 software. Data were presented using graphs, tables and texts. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with cataract. Adjusted odds ratio with corresponding 95% confidence interval was computed to show the strength of association. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: From a total of 174 samples, 158 participated, giving a response rate of 90.8%. The prevalence of cataract was found to be 90 (57%). The variables—age 60–69 years (adjusted odds ratio = 6.667, 95% confidence interval: (1.662, 13.101)); age 70–79 years (adjusted odds ratio = 9.583, 95% confidence interval: (2.840, 32.342)), and single marital status (adjusted odds ratio = 2.945, 95% confidence interval: (1.241, 6.989))—had a significant association with cataract. Conclusion: The prevalence of cataract was found to be very high, which needs immediate intervention. Older age and single marital status were found to be significantly associated with cataract prevalence.

scholarly journals Adherence to diabetes self-care management and associated factors among people with diabetes in Gamo Gofa Zone public health hospitals

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212110539
Author(s):  
Eskeziyaw Agidew ◽  
Mengistu Zelalem Wale ◽  
Haregewoyin Kerebih ◽  
Mesenbet Terefe Yirsaw ◽  
Tadiwos Hailu Zewdie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Care Management ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Good Adherence ◽  
Eye Examination ◽  
Gamo Gofa

Introduction: Adherence to diabetes self-care management is a lifestyle modification for people with diabetes which includes; medication, dietary practice and regular physical activity. The objective of this study was to assess the adherence to diabetes self-care management and associated factors among people with diabetes in Gamo Gofa Zone, Southern, Ethiopia, 2018. Methods: Institutional-based cross-sectional study design with a systematic random sampling technique was conducted. A total 635 diabetic participants were involved in this study. Data were collected using structured interviewer administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. Descriptive statistics were employed to describe the study population in relation to the relevant variables. Binary and multivariable logistic regression was conducted to identify factors associated with the outcome variables. P-value < 0.05 with 95% confidence interval was used to declare statistical significance. Results: The prevalence of good adherence toward diabetes self-care management was 341 (53.7%), (95% confidence interval = 46.09, 61.31). Regarding diabetes self-care practices, poor adherence had been detected in blood sugar measurement practice, dietary feeding practice, physical exercise and eye examination practice. The multivariable analysis indicated that government workers [adjusted odds ratio = 2.74 (1.03, 7.30)], training on diabetes self-care practice [adjusted odds ratio = 3.13 (1.89, 5.16)], diabetes’ association membership [adjusted odds ratio = 1.59 (1.01, 2.50)], having personal glucometer at home [adjusted odds ratio = 2.70 (1.37, 5.33)], duration of diabetic illness >10 years [adjusted odds ratio = 9.59 (3.99, 23.05)] and people with diabetes who were not developing complication [adjusted odds ratio = 1.54 (1.01, 2.33)] were significantly associated with good adherence to diabetes self-care management practice. Conclusion: Significant number of diabetes patients had poor adherence to diabetes self-care practice. Special focus should be given to farmers with diabetes, those with diabetic complication and for those with duration of diabetes less than 10 years. Periodical training should be given for people with diabetes on dietary feeding, physical exercise and eye examination practice.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Exposure of Baerveldt Glaucoma Drainage Implants: A Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayaka Edo ◽  
Koji Jian ◽  
Yoshiaki Kiuchi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Implant Surgery ◽  
Implant Exposure ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Abstract Background Glaucoma drainage implant exposure is one of the serious complications after glaucoma drainage implant surgery. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the risk factors for exposure of the device after implantation of a Baerveldt glaucoma drainage implant. Methods This is a retrospective review of the medical records of all patients who underwent Baerveldt glaucoma drainage implant surgery at the Hiroshima University Hospital between April 1, 2012 and October 31, 2016, and who were followed for at least 6 months after surgery. We examined the risk factors for implant exposure based on data obtained from the medical records, with particular focus on the differences in implant models. Results A total of 80 eyes from 80 patients were identified; all patients were Japanese. In this study, the rate of Baerveldt glaucoma drainage implant exposure was 15.0% (12 of 80). The exposure rate of the BG 102–350 was tended to be higher than that for the BG 101–350 and BG 103–250 (p = 0.092; adjusted odds ratio = 3.34; 95% confidence interval, 0.82–13.58). In the patients who had diabetic mellitus, the BG 102–350 showed a significant risk of implant exposure (p = 0.038; adjusted odds ratio = 15.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.17–202.59). Conclusions In Baerveldt glaucoma drainage implant surgery in patients with diabetes, using the BG 102–350 was associated with greater risk of implant exposure compared with using BG 101–350 or BG 103–250.

scholarly journals Sex modulates the association of radial artery augmentation index with renal function decline in individuals without chronic kidney disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiao Qin ◽  
Fangfang Fan ◽  
Jia Jia ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Bo Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Renal Function Decline

Abstract Purpose An increase in arterial stiffness is associated with rapid renal function decline (RFD) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this study was to investigate whether the radial augmentation index (rAI), a surrogate marker of arterial stiffness, affects RFD in individuals without CKD. Methods A total of 3165 Chinese participants from an atherosclerosis cohort with estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) of ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 were included in this study. The baseline rAI normalized to a heart rate of 75 beats/min (rAIp75) was obtained using an arterial applanation tonometry probe. The eGFRs at both baseline and follow-up were calculated using the equation derived from the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration. The association of the rAIp75 with RFD (defined as a drop in the eGFR category accompanied by a ≥ 25% drop in eGFR from baseline or a sustained decline in eGFR of > 5 mL/min/1.73 m2/year) was evaluated using the multivariate regression model. Results During the 2.35-year follow-up, the incidence of RFD was 7.30%. The rAIp75 had no statistically independent association with RFD after adjustment for possible confounders (adjusted odds ratio = 1.12, 95% confidence interval: 0.99–1.27, p = 0.074). When stratified according to sex, the rAIp75 was significantly associated with RFD in women, but not in men (adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval: 1.23[1.06–1.43], p = 0.007 for women, 0.94[0.76–1.16], p = 0.542 for men; p for interaction = 0.038). Conclusion The rAI might help screen for those at high risk of early rapid RFD in women without CKD.

scholarly journals Pulmonary restriction predicts long-term pulmonary impairment in people with HIV and tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara C. Auld ◽  
Hardy Kornfeld ◽  
Pholo Maenetje ◽  
Mandla Mlotshwa ◽  
William Chase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Pulmonary Impairment ◽  
Mixed Pattern

Abstract Background While tuberculosis is considered a risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, a restrictive pattern of pulmonary impairment may actually be more common among tuberculosis survivors. We aimed to determine the nature of pulmonary impairment before and after treatment among people with HIV and tuberculosis and identify risk factors for long-term impairment. Methods In this prospective cohort study conducted in South Africa, we enrolled adults newly diagnosed with HIV and tuberculosis who were initiating antiretroviral therapy and tuberculosis treatment. We measured lung function and symptoms at baseline, 6, and 12 months. We compared participants with and without pulmonary impairment and constructed logistic regression models to identify characteristics associated with pulmonary impairment. Results Among 134 participants with a median CD4 count of 110 cells/μl, 112 (83%) completed baseline spirometry at which time 32 (29%) had restriction, 13 (12%) had obstruction, and 9 (7%) had a mixed pattern. Lung function was dynamic over time and 30 (33%) participants had impaired lung function at 12 months. Baseline restriction was associated with greater symptoms and with long-term pulmonary impairment (adjusted odds ratio 5.44, 95% confidence interval 1.16–25.45), while baseline obstruction was not (adjusted odds ratio 1.95, 95% confidence interval 0.28–13.78). Conclusions In this cohort of people with HIV and tuberculosis, restriction was the most common, symptomatic, and persistent pattern of pulmonary impairment. These data can help to raise awareness among clinicians about the heterogeneity of post-tuberculosis pulmonary impairment, and highlight the need for further research into mediators of lung injury in this vulnerable population.

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