scholarly journals Association Between E-Cigarette Use and Acculturation Among Adult Immigrants in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117822181985508
Author(s):  
Yang Wang ◽  
Linnea Laestadius ◽  
Jim P Stimpson ◽  
Fernando A Wilson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
English Proficiency ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Adult Immigrants

Despite a dramatic increase in e-cigarette popularity in recent years, the relationship between acculturation and e-cigarette use among immigrants largely remains unknown. We investigated the association between acculturation, measured by both self-reported English proficiency and length of stay in the United States, and immigrants’ use of e-cigarettes using data from the 2016-2017 National Health Interview Survey. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to examine the associations of acculturation factors with ever and current use of e-cigarettes. We found that high English proficiency increased the odds of ever using e-cigarettes among immigrants (adjusted odds ratios: “well,” 2.22; “very well,” 3.24; with the reference group being “not well”). The association was significant among only men. However, we did not find a significant association between length of stay in the United States and e-cigarette use after adjusting for English proficiency. Future research is warranted to investigate how peer use, family-level factors, country of origin, and marketing strategies jointly influence e-cigarette use among immigrants, especially men.

Social Norms and the Relationship Between Cigarette Use and Religiosity Among Adolescents in the United States

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Gryczynski ◽  
Brian W. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Learning Networks ◽  
The Social ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Social Learning Processes

This study investigated the social dynamics that underlie the negative association between religiosity and cigarette use among U.S. adolescents. Using data from the 2007 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, the authors used a theory-based conceptual model (vicarious learning networks [VLN]) to examine the role that key reference group norms play in the religiosity—smoking relationship. This relationship is partially mediated by parents’ and close friends’ perceived disapproval for smoking. However, religiosity maintains a strong negative association with smoking. Consistent with the VLN model, cigarette use varied substantively based on reference group normative configurations. To the extent that the protective effects of religiosity arise from its influence in structuring the social milieu, some of religiosity’s benefits could potentially be leveraged through interventions that promote healthy norms among reference groups within the social network. The VLN model may be a useful tool for conceptualizing the transmission of health behavior through social learning processes.

scholarly journals Examine Internet Addiction and Acculturative Stress among International College Students in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Li
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
College Students ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Acculturative Stress ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Addictive Behaviors ◽  
Stress Theory ◽  
International College

While Internet use plays an increasingly important role in individuals’ lives, little is known about its potential to influence addictive behaviors. Guided by the acculturative stress theory, we examined the relationships between acculturative stress, gender, age, length of stay, and Internet addiction among international college students. Data were collected from 111 international undergraduate and graduate students studying in the United States. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses reported that acculturative stress and gender significantly predict Internet addiction among international college students. In this sample, neither age nor length of stay predicts Internet addiction. Our findings paint a picture of the potential influence of acculturative stress on Internet addiction. We offer suggestions for future research on Internet addiction and acculturative stress, particularly for international college students

scholarly journals Disentangling Race, Poverty, and Place in Disparities in Physical Activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armani Hawes ◽  
Genee Smith ◽  
Emma McGinty ◽  
Caryn Bell ◽  
Kelly Bower ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
United States ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Significant racial disparities in physical activity—a key protective health factor against obesity and cardiovascular disease—exist in the United States. Using data from the 1999–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the 2000 United States (US) Census, we estimated the impact of race, individual-level poverty, neighborhood-level poverty, and neighborhood racial composition on the odds of being physically active for 19,678 adults. Compared to whites, blacks had lower odds of being physically active. Individual poverty and neighborhood poverty were associated with decreased odds of being physically active among both whites and blacks. These findings underscore the importance of social context in understanding racial disparities in physical activity and suggest the need for future research to determine specific elements of the social context that drive disparities.

Influence of religiosity and studying law on college students’ punitive attitudes in China

2020 ◽  
pp. 174889582095124
Author(s):  
Doris C Chu ◽  
Michael A Cretacci ◽  
Yandong Gao
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Punitive Attitudes ◽  
Criminal Justice Students ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

A number of studies in the United States examine the impact of religiosity on attitudes towards various types of criminal sanctioning. Research seems to indicate that more conservative denominations and faiths have a more punitive preference for criminal sanctions. Previous studies have also examined these attitudes between criminal justice and non-criminal justice students. While this area of inquiry has drawn attention in the United States, only scant attention has been paid to this phenomenon in other countries. To the best of our knowledge, no study has addressed this issue in China and our research seeks to serve as a foundation for examining this topic in that country. Using data collected from students attending universities in China, we examine the relationship between respondents’ religiosity and their punitive attitudes. We also compare the punitive attitudes between law and non-law majors. Findings indicate that students with higher levels of religious behaviour were less likely to support the death penalty. In addition, law majors were found to be less likely to endorse severe sentences. Suggestions for future research are discussed.

Educator Perspectives on Data-Based Decision Making in Germany and the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 002221942098612
Author(s):  
Stefan Blumenthal ◽  
Yvonne Blumenthal ◽  
Erica S. Lembke ◽  
Sarah R. Powell ◽  
Patricia Schultze-Petzold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Professional Learning ◽  
The United States ◽  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Explorative Study ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Data Based Decision Making

The purpose of this explorative study was to examine the use and understanding of key components of data-based decision making by educators in two countries—Germany and the United States. Educators responded to a survey that asked about data use and characteristics related to data-based decision making (DBDM). Results suggest educators in both countries are focused on using data to monitor progress, although less so in Germany. Educators in both countries noted similar understanding of important features (e.g., psychometric properties) of data. Educators in the United States reported they used data for decision making at the classroom level almost twice as often as their counterparts in Germany, while German educators focused on decision making at the student level. These findings will influence future research, including joint studies that could use the best practices of both countries, and professional learning opportunities for educators in Germany and the United States.

Trends in Internet Use Among Older Adults in the United States, 2011–2016

2020 ◽  
pp. 073346482090842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunwoo Yoon ◽  
Yuri Jang ◽  
Seoyoun Kim ◽  
Alycia Speasmaker ◽  
Ilsung Nam
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
California Health Interview Survey ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
Using Data

The present study examined the trends in internet use among older adults (60+ years) in the United States from 2011 to 2016 by considering not only the entire study sample as a whole but also specific subgroups by age, gender, race/ethnicity, and education. Using data from 107,500 older adults in the California Health Interview Survey between 2011 and 2016, the significance of linear trends was tested by including the survey year as a continuous variable in the logistic regression. Findings confirm the general knowledge that an increased number of the older U.S. population used the internet over the period of 2011–2016. Furthermore, closer inspection indicates that this upward trend does not apply to all, but specifically to those with advanced age, male gender, racial/ethnic minority background, and low educational attainment. Findings provide implications for identifying and prioritizing a target group for internet technology training.

scholarly journals Toward a Test of Wheeler's "Integrative Theory" in Six Union Election Cases

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-482
Author(s):  
Hoyt N. Wheeler ◽  
John A. McClendon ◽  
Roger D. Weikle
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Integrative Theory ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
Union Election ◽  
Certification Election ◽  
Using Data

Using data from six union certification election cases (three union wins and three union losses) in the United States, this study examines the phenomenon of unionization, drawing upon Wheeler's (1985) theory of industrial conflict. The comparative case study assessment suggests that a union win is related to employee deprivation, calculation as to union effectiveness, instrumentality perceptions, and attitudes about unions. In general, the results are somewhat supportive ofthe theory and suggest avenues for future research.

Migration and the Internet

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas John Cooke ◽  
Ian Shuttleworth
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Using Data ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Dynamics Models

It is widely presumed that information and communication technologies, or ICTs, enable migration in several ways; primarily by reducing the costs of migration. However, a reconsideration of the relationship between ICTs and migration suggests that ICTs may just as well hinder migration; primarily by reducing the costs of not moving.  Using data from the US Panel Study of Income Dynamics, models that control for sources of observed and unobserved heterogeneity indicate a strong negative effect of ICT use on inter-state migration within the United States. These results help to explain the long-term decline in internal migration within the United States.

Fragments of the American Dream: Immigration, Race, and Medical Care in the Segregated South, 1929

Public Voices ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
John R Phillips
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
American Dream ◽  
Black Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Single Woman ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sunflower County

The cover photograph for this issue of Public Voices was taken sometime in the summer of 1929 (probably June) somewhere in Sunflower County, Mississippi. Very probably the photo was taken in Indianola but, perhaps, it was Ruleville. It is one of three such photos, one of which does have the annotation on the reverse “Ruleville Midwives Club 1929.” The young woman wearing a tie in this and in one of the other photos was Ann Reid Brown, R.N., then a single woman having only arrived in the United States from Scotland a few years before, in 1923. Full disclosure: This commentary on the photo combines professional research interests in public administration and public policy with personal interests—family interests—for that young nurse later married and became the author’s mother. From the scholarly perspective, such photographs have been seen as “instrumental in establishing midwives’ credentials and cultural identity at a key transitional moment in the history of the midwife and of public health” (Keith, Brennan, & Reynolds 2012). There is also deep irony if we see these photographs as being a fragment of the American dream, of a recent immigrant’s hope for and success at achieving that dream; but that fragment of the vision is understood quite differently when we see that she began a hopeful career working with a Black population forcibly segregated by law under the incongruously named “separate but equal” legal doctrine. That doctrine, derived from the United States Supreme Court’s 1896 decision, Plessy v. Ferguson, would remain the foundation for legally enforced segregation throughout the South for another quarter century. The options open to the young, white, immigrant nurse were almost entirely closed off for the population with which she then worked. The remaining parts of this overview are meant to provide the following: (1) some biographical information on the nurse; (2) a description, in so far as we know it, of why she was in Mississippi; and (3) some indication of areas for future research on this and related topics.

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