scholarly journals Adverse Human Health Impacts in the Anthropocene

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 117863021881279
Author(s):  
Richard Olawoyin
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Tracheobronchial Tree

This commentary presents a summarized discussion of key findings and relevant ideas from previously published study, index analysis, and human health risk model application for evaluating ambient air-heavy metal contamination in Chemical Valley Sarnia (CVS). The CVS study provides previously unavailable data in the CVS area which evaluates the adverse effects on air quality due to nearby anthropogenic activities. The study provided an assessment of environmental pollutants, finding that carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic substances are present in trace quantities. The main findings of the study suggest that chronic exposure of humans to several contaminants identified in the area studied may lead to carcinogenic health effects, including cancer (such as nephroblastomatosis) as well as non-carcinogenic health effects, such as damage to the tracheobronchial tree. Children were found to have a significantly higher risk, that is, a higher hazard index: a value used to measure non-carcinogenic health risk from heavy metals identified in air samples collected during the research period from 2014 to 2017. This study quantified the influence of environmental contaminants, relative to human exposures and the consequence of developing nephroblastomatosis in the human population.

scholarly journals Human Health Risk Assessment of Trace Metals in Surface Water Due to Leachate from the Municipal Dumpsite by Pollution Index: A Case Study from Ndawuse River, Abuja, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibironke Titilayo Enitan ◽  
Abimbola Motunrayo Enitan ◽  
John Ogony Odiyo ◽  
Muhammad Mamman Alhassan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Cumulative Exposure

AbstractThe study assessed the level of heavy metals in surface water across Ndawuse River near the dumpsite at Phase 1 District of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja, Nigeria. The results indicated that oxygen demand, turbidity and heavy metals were above the standard limits set for drinking water. Multivariate analysis using principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis revealed natural and anthropogenic activities as sources of heavy metal contamination. The estimated non-carcinogenic effects using hazard quotient toxicity potential, cumulative hazard index and daily human exposure dose of surface water through ingestion pathway were less than a unity. The estimated carcinogenic risks (CRing) exceeded the suggested potential risk limits, with lead (Pb) having the highest CRing value for all age groups. However, children were found to be more susceptible to heavy metals over a period of time according to the estimated values. The concentration of heavy metals in the investigated river could pose an adverse health risk to several communities that rely on this receiving water bodies for domestic purposes. Therefore, there is need for strict enforcement of environmental laws to protect aquatic ecosystem and to avoid long term cumulative exposure risk that heavy metals may pose on human health.

scholarly journals Main results, prospects of application and improvement of the health risk assessment of the population of Siberian cities – participants of the “Clean air” project (Bratsk, Norilsk, Krasnoyarsk, Chita)

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 519-527
Author(s):  
Nina V. Zaitseva ◽  
Irina V. May
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Clean Air

Introduction. As part of implementing the federal project “Clean air” provisions, the Human health risk assessment in Bratsk, Norilsk, Krasnoyarsk, Chita under the influence of ambient air-polluting chemicals was carried out. The main task of the risk assessment was to substantiate the list of priority chemicals that make the most significant contribution to risks (for monitoring and quoting) and to determine the primary sources of air pollution in the city with these substances (for subsequent quotas). Materials and methods. The initial information for assessing the exposure and human health risks in each city was the consolidated databases of stationary and mobile emissions sources. Calculations were carried out in standardized software products of the “Ecolog-Gorod” series. Risk indicators were determined under the provisions and requirements of the guideline R 2.1.10.1920-04. In each city, the calculations were performed at residential buildings (from 11 to 14 thousand points in the territory). Emissions from more than 1350 thousand sources were taken into account. Surface concentrations of 45 to 60 impurities in each city are considered. Results. Unacceptable, including high health risk, was found to form in all the cities studied. According to the hazard index, the diversity of exceeding the permissible risk levels reached 15-20 times. About 630 thousand people live in areas of unacceptable risk, including more than 200 thousand people in areas of high risk of diseases. Critical affected organs and systems are the respiratory systems, immune system, blood, offspring development, etc. The chemical impurities determined for each territory and their sources, which together contribute up to 90% to unacceptable risks, are considered as priorities for monitoring and quotas. Recommendations were developed to improve the procedure for preparing initial data for risk assessment and verify the results of risk assessment by epidemiological and medical-demographic studies.

scholarly journals Human health risk assessment of heavy metals from a crude oil polluted agricultural soil in Ogoniland, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 297-309
Author(s):  
Chukwuemeka C. Chukwuma ◽  
Chigozie Linda Onuah ◽  
Michael Okechukwu Monanu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Oral Ingestion

Heavy metal contamination of agricultural soils can instigate risk to human health via oral ingestion, particle inhalation, and dermal contact. The study evaluates the concentrations, distribution, and human health risk of various heavy metals in soil samples from crude oil polluted agricultural soil of Ogoniland, Nigeria. Soil samples were collected and analyzed for cadmium, lead, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, zinc, arsenic and mercury using AAS (SensAA). Measured concentrations of these heavy metals were employed to calculate the health risk for children and adults using Hazard Index (HI). For the children and adult population, the HI value for oral ingestion to lead in the polluted site was greater than one (HI > 1), and hence non-carcinogenic effects is considered as significant for human health. It is therefore of the essence to consider taking risk management measures in order to reduce the risk of human health from lead.

scholarly journals Anthropogenic nitrate in groundwater and its health risks in the view of background concentration in a semi arid area of Rajasthan, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdur Rahman ◽  
N. C. Mondal ◽  
K. K. Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Arid Area ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Background Concentration ◽  
Semi Arid

AbstractAn increased nitrate (NO3−) concentration in groundwater has been a rising issue on a global scale in recent years. Different consumption mechanisms clearly illustrate the adverse effects on human health. The goal of this present study is to assess the natural and anthropogenic NO3− concentrations in groundwater in a semi arid area of Rajasthan and its related risks to human health in the different groups of ages such as children, males, and females. We have found that most of the samples (n = 90) were influenced by anthropogenic activities. The background level of NO3− had been estimated as 7.2 mg/L using a probabilistic approach. About 93% of nitrate samples exceeded the background limit, while 28% of the samples were beyond the permissible limit of 45 mg/L as per the BIS limits. The results show that the oral exposure of nitrate was very high as compare to dermal contact. With regard to the non-carcinogenic health risk, the total Hazard Index (HITotal) values of groundwater nitrate were an average of 0.895 for males, 1.058 for females, and 1.214 for children. The nitrate health risk assessment shows that about 38%, 46%, and 49% of the samples constitute the non-carcinogenic health risk to males, females, and children, respectively. Children were found to be more prone to health risks due to the potential exposure to groundwater nitrate.

A review of heavy metals in indoor dust and its human health-risk implications

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sock Yin Tan ◽  
Sarva Mangala Praveena ◽  
Emilia Zainal Abidin ◽  
Manraj Singh Cheema
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Indoor Dust

AbstractIndoor dust acts as a media for heavy metal deposition. Past studies have shown that heavy metal concentration in indoor dust is affected by local human activities and atmospheric transport can have harmful effects on human health. Additionally, children are more sensitive to heavy metals due to their hand-to-mouth behaviour and rapid body development. However, limited information on health risks were found in past dust studies as these studies aimed to identify heavy metal concentrations and sources of indoor dust. The objective of this review is to discuss heavy metal concentration and sources influencing its concentration in indoor dust. Accordingly, high lead (Pb) concentration (639.10 μg/g) has been reported in heavy traffic areas. In addition, this review paper aims to estimate the health risk to children from heavy metals in indoor dust via multiple exposure pathways using the health-risk assessment (HRA). Urban areas and industrial sites have revealed high heavy metal concentration in comparison to rural areas. Hazard index (HI) values found in arsenic (As), chromium (Cr) and Pb were 21.30, 1.10 and 2.40, respectively, indicate that non-carcinogenic elements are found in children. Furthermore, most of the past studies have found that carcinogenic risks for As, cadmium (Cd), Cr and Pb were below the acceptable total lifetime cancer risk (TLCR) range (1×10

scholarly journals Ambient Gaseous Pollutants in an Urban Area in South Africa: Levels and Potential Human Health Risk

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oyewale Mayowa Morakinyo ◽  
Murembiwa Stanley Mukhola ◽  
Matlou Ingrid Mokgobu
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Gaseous Pollutants

Urban air pollution from gaseous pollutants is a growing public health problem in many countries including South Africa. Examining the levels, trends and health risk of exposure to ambient gaseous pollutants will assist in understanding the effectiveness of existing control measures and plan for suitable management strategies. This study determined the concentration levels and non-cancer risk of CO, SO2, NO2, and O3 at an industrial area in Pretoria West, South Africa. We utilised a set of secondary data for CO, NO2, SO2, and O3 that was obtained from a monitoring station. Analysis of the hourly monitored data was done. Their non-cancer risk (HQ) was determined using the human health risk assessment model for different age categories. The annual levels of NO2 (39.442 µg/m3), SO2 (22.464 µg/m3), CO (722.003 µg/m3) and the 8-hour concentration of CO (649.902 µg/m3) and O3 (33.556 µg/m3) did not exceed the South African National Ambient Air Quality Standards for each pollutant. The HQ for each pollutant across exposed groups (except children) was less than 1. This indicates that the recorded levels could not pose non-cancer risk to susceptible individuals.

A Fuzzy Modeling Approach for Human Health Risk Assessment of Organic Contamination in Groundwater

2014 ◽  
Vol 1010-1012 ◽  
pp. 237-243
Author(s):  
Sheng Lin Tan ◽  
Shuai Guan ◽  
Zu Fa Liu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Arithmetic Operation ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Fuzzy Model ◽  
Human Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Organic Contamination

This study was performed to develop a fuzzy model for human health risk assessment of organic contamination of groundwater to quantify the uncertainties inherent in risk assessment processes. The fuzzy model was constructed based on the fuzzy set theory and traditional risk assessment approach. Triangular fuzzy number was used to describe the variability of parameters associated with traditional risk assessment and α-cut sets was taken to transform fuzzy numbers to intervals that can be fairly taken into arithmetic operation of lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) and hazard index (HI) which respectively denotes the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks. Considering the exposure routes of drinking and showering, the developed fuzzy model yields risks at different memberships as well as the expectation of risks. The model was applied to a site in China with organics-contaminated groundwater. It was found that tetrachloroethylene (PCE) posed the most risks, followed by trichloroethylene (TCE), while carbon tetrachloride (CT) posed the smallest. Results also showed drinking, compared with showering, is the major exposure route and boiling is important for reducing health risks of groundwater.

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