Reduction of angiotensin II in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kawajiri ◽  
M Mogi ◽  
M Osoegawa ◽  
T Matsuoka ◽  
K Tsukuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Inflammatory Neuropathies ◽  
And Control

We previously demonstrated that angiotensin II acts as a crucial neuroprotective factor after neural injury through angiotensin II type-2 (AT2) receptor signaling. Although the pathway is known to play an important role in the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) angiotensin II levels in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have never been studied. To clarify the significance of angiotensin II in MS, we assayed angiotensin II concentrations using an established enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay in CSF samples from patients with MS ( n = 21), patients with inflammatory neuropathies (IN) ( n = 23) and control individuals who did not have either of the neurological diseases or any other disease that might affect the angiotensin II levels in the CSF (control) ( n = 24). Angiotensin II levels in the CSF were 3.79 ± 1.54 pg/ml in the MS group, 5.13 ± 2.27 pg/ml in the IN group and 6.71 ± 2.65 pg/ml in the control group. The angiotensin II levels in the CSF of the MS group were significantly lower than in the control group ( p = 0.00057). Angiotensin II concentration in the CSF tended to have a negative correlation with the Kurtzke’s Expanded Disability Status Scale scores during MS relapse ( p = 0.0847). These findings suggest that reduced levels of intrathecal angiotensin II may be related to the abnormal neural damage and repair processes in MS.

scholarly journals Relationship between Expanded Disability Status Scale scores and the presence of temporomandibular disorders in patients with multiple sclerosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 144-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Senra Correa Carvalho ◽  
Osvaldo José Moreira Nascimento ◽  
Luciane Lacerda Franco Rocha Rodrigues ◽  
Andre Palma Da Cunha Matta
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Temporomandibular Disorders ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Expanded Disability Status Scale ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

ABSTRACTObjectives: The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) and to investigate whether an association exists between the presence of TMD symptoms and the degree of MS-related disability. Materials and Methods: In all, 120 individuals were evaluated: 60 patients with a diagnosis of relapsing-remitting MS and 60 age- and sex-matched controls without neurological impairments. A questionnaire recommended by the European Academy of Craniomandibular Disorders for the assessment of TMD symptoms was administered. For those who answered affirmatively to at least one of the questions, the RDC/TMD Axis I instrument was used for a possible classification of TMD subtypes. The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) was the measure of the degree of MS-related disability. Statistical Analysis Used: Fisher’s exact test was used to analyze the data. ANOVA was used to detect significant differences between means and to assess whether the factors influenced any of the dependent variables by comparing means from the different groups. Results: The prevalence of TMD symptoms in patients with MS was 61.7% versus 18.3% in the control group (CG). A diagnosis of TMD was established for 36.7% in the MS group and 3.3% in the CG (P = 0.0001). There were statistically significant differences between degrees of MS-related disability and the prevalence of TMD (P = 0.0288). Conclusions: The prevalence of both TMD and TMD symptoms was significantly greater in the MS group. EDSS scores and TMD prevalence rates were inversely related.

Cerebrospinal fluid CXCL13 in multiple sclerosis: a suggestive prognostic marker for the disease course

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Khademi ◽  
Ingrid Kockum ◽  
Magnus L Andersson ◽  
Ellen Iacobaeus ◽  
Lou Brundin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Diagnostic Work ◽  
In Cis ◽  
Work Up

Background: Levels of CXCL13, a potent B-cell chemoattractant, are elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during multiple sclerosis (MS) and are associated with markers of MS activity. Levels decrease upon effective treatments. Objective: Here we validate the potential role of CSF CXCL13 as a biomarker for aspects of MS in a large amount of clinical material, the majority collected at early diagnostic work-up. Methods: CXCL13 was measured by ELISA in 837 subjects: relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS; n = 323), secondary progressive MS (SPMS; n = 40), primary progressive MS (PPMS; n = 24), clinically isolated syndrome (CIS; n = 79), other neurological diseases (ONDs; n = 181), ONDs with signs of inflammation or viral/bacterial infections (iONDs; n = 176) and healthy controls ( n = 14). Results: Subjects with viral/bacterial infections had extremely high CXCL13 levels compared to all included groups ( p < 0.0001). CXCL13 was otherwise significantly higher in MS compared to the remaining controls ( p < 0.0001), and CIS ( p < 0.01). A significant and positive correlation between CXCL13 and relapse rate, the results obtained for the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and the number of lesions detected by MRI was demonstrated. CXCL13 was increased in CIS conversion to clinically definite MS ( p < 0.001). Oligoclonal immunoglobulin band (OCB)-positive CIS or MS had significantly increased CXCL13 levels compared to OCB-negative CIS or MS ( p < 0.001 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Conclusion: CXCL13 was associated with disease exacerbations and unfavourable prognosis in RRMS. Increased CXCL13 was not specific for MS since subjects with viral/bacterial infections exhibited even higher levels. High levels predicted CIS conversion to MS. We suggest that measurement of CSF CXCL13 can be part of the armamentarium in the diagnostic and prognostic work-up in MS and be of help in future treatment decisions.

scholarly journals High prevalence of intrathecal IgA synthesis in multiple sclerosis patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula Muñoz ◽  
Cristina Sebal ◽  
Esther Escudero ◽  
Maria Isabel García Sánchez ◽  
Elena Urcelay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Ultrasensitive Assay ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
And Control

Abstract Introduction: The detection of intrathecal IgA synthesis (IAS) in multiple sclerosis (MS) is cumbersome, for this reason, we developed a highly sensitive assay to assess it in MS. Methods: 151 MS patients and 22 controls with different neurological diseases were recruited. IgA concentration was analyzed by ELISA. Oligoclonal IgA bands to detect IAS were determined by a new ultrasensitive assay based on isoelectrofocusing (IEF). Results: Most individuals showed an IgA concentration within normal range in serum samples (95.95%) but 38.41% of individuals had a low IgA concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), with no significant differences observed between MS and control groups, neither in CSF nor in serum. The new IEF was more sensitive than those previously described (0.01 mg/dl of IgA), and clearly identified patients with and without IAS, that was not related with IgA concentration. MS patients showed higher percentage of IAS (43.00%) than the control group (18.20) (p = 0.035), because the incidence was especially higher in MS patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS, 66.00%). Conclusions: Intrathecal IgA synthesis is observed more frequently in MS patients than in other neurological diseases, and with higher incidence than assumed in the past.

scholarly journals Mobile phone-based e-diary for assessment and enhancement of medications adherence among patients with multiple sclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 205521732093930
Author(s):  
Daniel Golan ◽  
Smadar Sagiv ◽  
Lea Glass-Marmor ◽  
Ariel Miller
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Poor Adherence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
Disease Modifying Drugs ◽  
Median Difference ◽  
Adherence Assessment ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
And Control

Background Adherence to multiple sclerosis (MS) disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) is essential for realization of their optimal effectiveness and benefits. Objective To evaluate the usefulness and validity of a smartphone-based e-diary as a tool for adherence assessment as well as its effectiveness as a promoter of adherence to DMDs. Methods An MS tailored e-diary (MyMS&Me) reminded patients to take their DMDs on time. DMD intake was self-recorded in the e-diary by the participants. Three methods of adherence evaluation were compared: e-diary derived, retrospective self-reported, and the medication possession rate (MPR). The proportion of patients with poor adherence to DMDs (defined as MPR <80%) among e-diary users was compared with a control group without intervention. Results Sixty-two patients downloaded the e-diary (Female: 41 (66%), Expanded Disability Status Scale 3.2 ± 2.2) and 55 controls were enrolled. The median difference between e-diary-derived adherence and the MPR was –3% (95% limits of agreement: −53% to 12%). The median difference between retrospective self-reported adherence and the MPR was 0.3% (95% limits of agreement: −20% to 42%). The proportion of participants with poor adherence to DMDs was similar in the e-diary and control groups (10% vs. 13%, p = 0.6). Conclusions Substantial and clinically important disagreement between methods of medication adherence evaluation was noted. Smartphone reminders did not significantly improve the MPR of DMDs.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and ACE2 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kawajiri ◽  
M Mogi ◽  
N Higaki ◽  
T Matsuoka ◽  
Y Ohyagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin

Background We reported a reduction in the levels of angiotensin II in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective and methods To clarify the mechanism underlying this reduction, we assayed angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and ACE2 concentrations along with angiotensin II concentrations in CSF samples from 20 patients with MS and 17 controls with non-neurological diseases. Results ACE levels were significantly elevated in patients with MS compared with controls (48.42 ± 4.84 vs 44.71 ± 3.9 pg/mL), whereas ACE2 levels were significantly reduced (2.56 ± 0.26 vs 2.78 ± 0.24 pg/mL), acting toward a normalization of angiotensin II levels. Conclusion These results further indicate an alteration of the intrathecal renin-angiotensin system in patients with MS.

scholarly journals The prevalence of bruxism and related factors in patients with multiple sclerosis: a comparative study

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-183
Author(s):  
Faruk Ömer Odabas ◽  
Ali Ulvi Uca
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Expanded Disability Status Scale ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Coding Manual ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the prevalence of bruxism and related factors in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: Diagnosed with relapsing-remitting MS under the 2010-revised McDonald diagnostic criteria, 182 patients without MS exacerbations during the previous three months were included in the patient group, and 145 healthy individuals made up the control group in the study. Demographic data of the participants in both groups were determined. In the patient and control groups, the diagnosis of definite bruxism was made using the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (Diagnosis and Coding Manual, Second Edition). Results: Bruxism was found in 29.7% (n = 54) of the patients and in 12.4% (n = 18) of the controls, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Of all patients, the onset of bruxism was found in 70.4% (n = 38) after the diagnosis and in 29.6% (n = 169) prior to the diagnosis of MS. Compared with those without bruxism, the mean age (p = 0.031) and the score of the Expanded Disability Status Scale (p = 0.001) were also significantly higher among MS patients with bruxism. Between MS patients with and without bruxism, no significant differences were found in terms of sex, marital status, educational status, employment, cigarette smoking, total number of exacerbations, number of exacerbations within the previous year, and drugs used. Conclusions: The frequency of bruxism was found to be higher in the patients with MS than in the controls. Bruxism is associated with age and the Expanded Disability Status Scale score in MS patients.

scholarly journals 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 Concentration in Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Remitting-relapse Multiple Sclerosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Moghtaderi ◽  
G. H. Tamadon ◽  
F. Haghighi
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time

There is epidemiological, geographical and immunological evidence suggesting that low environmental supplies of vitamin D3 may act as a  risk factor for developing multiple sclerosis (MS), possibly due to dysfunction in  the immunomodulatory properties of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OH-D3) in  the brain. The objective of this study is to measure the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of 25-OH-D3 in  MS patients during their relapsing phase. 52 patients with remitting-relapse and 58 patients with other non-inflammatory diseases of central and peripheral nervous system were entered into the study. Patients in  both groups were admitted for the first time to do diagnostic procedures and they were not on any other treatment for neurological disorders. The means and medians for serum levels of 25-OH-D3 in  MS patients and control group were 10.64 ± 9.2 ng/ml (median: 9.6 ng/ml) and 13.23 ± 17.56 ng/ml (median: 11.90 ng/ml), respectively (p=0.328). CSF concentrations for the same values were 2.02 ± 1.94 ng/ml (median: 0.23 ng/ml) and 3.28 ± 2.96 (median: 0.29 ng/ml), respectively (p=0.242). The differences between calculated numbers of serum/CSF ratios were not statistically significant too. The serum and CSF concentrations of 25-OH-D3 in  MS group were lower than the control counterpart without any statistical difference and the authors did not find any influence of serum 25-OH-D3 concentration on the CSF concentration based on the non-significant statistical difference between the serum/CSF ratios in  two study groups of MS patients and control cases.

scholarly journals Viral antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis and control patients: comparison between radioimmunoassay and conventional techniques

1978 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
B Forghani ◽  
N E Cremer ◽  
K P Johnson ◽  
A H Ginsberg ◽  
W H Likosky
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Reduction Methods ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
And Control

Cerebrospinal fluid antibodies to measles, rubella, vaccinia, herpes simplex, and varicella-zoster viruses in four patient study groups (clinically definite multiple sclerosis [MS], early probable MS, optic neuritis, and control patients with other neurological diseases) were assayed by radioimmunoassay, complement fixation, hemagglutination-inhibition, or complement-enhanced plaque reduction methods. Antibodies were more frequently found and at higher dilutions by radioimmunoassay than by other techniques. Measles virus antibody, the most frequently found antibody, was present in the cerebrospinal fluid of 72% of MS patients and 5% of control patients. The differences between the numbers of MS patients and control patients with antibodies to other viruses were not as marked. Thus, 58% of MS patients versus 21% of control patients had antibody to rubella virus, 20 versus 3% had antibody to vaccinia virus, 50 versus 33% had antibody to herpes simplex virus, and 25 versus 8% had antibody to varicella virus. Sixty-seven percent of MS patients and 26% of control patients had antibodies to two or more viruses in their cerebrospinal fluid.

scholarly journals Effect of Whole-Body Cryotherapy on Morphological, Rheological and Biochemical Indices of Blood in People with Multiple Sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 2833
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Ptaszek ◽  
Aneta Teległów ◽  
Justyna Adamiak ◽  
Jacek Głodzik ◽  
Szymon Podsiadło ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Indices ◽  
Rheological Indices ◽  
Whole Body Cryotherapy ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to examine and assess the impact of a series of 20 whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) treatments on the biochemical and rheological indices of blood in people with multiple sclerosis. In this prospective controlled study, the experimental group consisted of 15 women aged 34–55 (mean age, 41.53 ± 6.98 years) with diagnosed multiple sclerosis who underwent a series of whole-body cryotherapy treatments. The first control group consisted of 20 women with diagnosed multiple sclerosis. This group had no intervention in the form of whole-body cryotherapy. The second control group consisted of 15 women aged 30–49 years (mean age, 38.47 ± 6.0 years) without neurological diseases and other chronic diseases who also underwent the whole-body cryotherapy treatment. For the analysis of the blood indices, venous blood was taken twice (first, on the day of initiation of whole-body cryotherapy treatments and, second, after a series of 20 cryotherapy treatments). The blood counts were determined using an ABX MICROS 60 hematological analyzer (USA). The LORCA analyzer (Laser–Optical Rotational Cell Analyzer, RR Mechatronics, the Netherlands) was used to study the aggregation and deformability of erythrocytes. The total protein serum measurement was performed using a Cobas 6000 analyzer, Roche and a Proteinogram-Minicap Sebia analyzer. Fibrinogen determinations were made using a Bio-Ksel, Chrom-7 camera. Statistically significant differences and changes after WBC in the levels of red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), elongation index, total extend of aggregation (AMP), and proteins (including fibrinogen) were observed. However, there was no significant effect of a series of 20 WBC treatments on changes in blood counts, rheology, and biochemistry in women with multiple sclerosis. Our results show that the use of WBC has a positive effect on the rheological properties of the blood of healthy women.

scholarly journals Efficacy and Safety of Teriflunomide in Multiple Sclerosis across Age Groups: Analysis from Pooled Pivotal and Real-world Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117957352110287
Author(s):  
Jiwon Oh ◽  
Sandra Vukusic ◽  
Klaus Tiel-Wilck ◽  
Jihad Said Inshasi ◽  
David Rog ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Real World ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Additional Group ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Phase Ii And Iii

Background: Evidence suggests that efficacy and safety of disease-modifying treatments for multiple sclerosis may differ with age. We evaluate efficacy and safety of teriflunomide across age subgroups of patients from pooled clinical trials and real-world studies. Methods: Post hoc analyses of patients who received teriflunomide 14 mg in the pooled phase II and III TEMSO, TOWER, TENERE, and TOPIC core and extension studies (n = 1978), and the real-world Teri-PRO (n = 928) and TAURUS-MS I (n = 1126) studies were conducted. Data were stratified by age at study entry: ⩽25, >25 to ⩽35, >35 to ⩽45, and >45 years. In Teri-PRO and TAURUS-MS I, an additional group, >55 years, was assessed. Results: In the pooled core studies, teriflunomide reduced annualized relapse rate (ARR) versus placebo across all ages. Unadjusted ARRs remained low across age groups in pooled extensions (0.18-0.30), Teri-PRO (0.10-0.35), and TAURUS-MS I (0.14-0.35). Baseline Expanded Disability Status Scale scores were higher with age, but stable through core and extension studies (mean increases over 7 years: ⩽25 years, +0.59; >25 to ⩽35 years, +0.46; >35 to ⩽45 years, +0.35; >45 years, +0.81). Across age groups, adverse event (AE) incidences were 78.4% to 90.7% in pooled core and extension studies and Teri-PRO, and 29.2% to 37.7% in TAURUS-MS I; serious AE incidences were ⩽21.3% in all studies. In pooled phase III and Teri-PRO studies, lymphocyte count decreases over 1 year after initiating teriflunomide, and proportions of patients developing lymphopenia, were small across age groups. Conclusions: Teriflunomide efficacy was demonstrated regardless of age. Safety was generally consistent across age groups.

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