Highly reactive anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies differentiate demyelinating diseases from viral encephalitis in children

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
PH Lalive ◽  
MG Häusler ◽  
H Maurey ◽  
Y Mikaeloff ◽  
M Tardieu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Encephalitis ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein ◽  
Demyelinating Diseases ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Mog Antibodies ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Demyelinating Disorders

Background: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) may be implicated in the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) inducing demyelination in the animal model of MS. In adults reported anti-MOG antibody frequencies have been variable across a number of studies and can also be detected in controls. Objective: To measure antibodies against MOG in paediatric patients with demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system and in controls. Methods: Serum antibodies against MOG and myelin basic protein were measured by ELISA, flow cytometry (FACS) and in the liquid phase in 11 children with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), 22 children with MS, seven children with acute viral encephalitis and 13 healthy controls. The serostatus of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infections were assessed. Results: Anti-MOG antibodies, measured either by ELISA or FACS were exclusively detected in children with demyelination. In ADEM these antibodies were highly reactive. Anti-MBP reactivity was detectable equally in all groups. The presence of either autoantibodies did not associate with EBV serostatus, age, gender or disease course. Conclusions: This study independently corroborates recently published results of seroprevalence and specificity of the assay. Due to their low sensitivity anti-MOG antibodies will not serve as disease-specific biomarkers, but could help to support the diagnosis of ADEM in difficult cases.

scholarly journals Age-Related Clinical Presentation of MOG-IgG Seropositivity in Israel

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livnat Brill ◽  
Esther Ganelin-Cohen ◽  
Ron Dabby ◽  
Shira Rabinowicz ◽  
Efrat Zohar-Dayan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Demyelinating Diseases ◽  
Entire Cohort ◽  
Prognostic Features ◽  
Age Related ◽  
A Cell ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Mog Antibodies ◽  
Demyelinating Disorders ◽  
Age Range

Introduction: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody associated disorders (MOGAD) have been recognized over the past 10 years as distinct inflammatory, demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). Antibodies against MOG are found mostly in patients with optic neuritis (ON), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), and aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-abs)-seronegative neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). However, data on the disease course and disability outcomes of these patients are scarce.Aim: To describe clinical and paraclinical features associated with MOG antibodies (abs) in a cohort of patients in Israel, and to assess baseline prognostic features of MOG-ab-associated diseases after a first acute demyelinating event.Methods: MOG-abs were identified in serum using a cell-based assay, and clinical data were collected from the patients' medical records.Results: Of 683 patients with demyelinating diseases tested for MOG-abs, 53 were positive (7.7%), with ON the most common presenting phenotype (68%). The age range of MOG-abs seropositive patients was 1–66 years, with increased prevalence in children (19% compared to 6.7% in adults) (p < 0.01). The highest prevalence of seropositivity was observed in children aged younger than 10 years (25.5%), followed by those aged 31–40 years (16.6%).Conclusions: MOGAD are distinct autoimmune diseases that occurs at all stages of life with a significantly higher prevalence in children; the main clinical presenting phenotype in the entire cohort is ON and young children most often presented with ON or ADEM. Our data highlight the need for repeated evaluation of MOG-abs in patients with acquired CNS demyelinating disorders, especially in children under 10 and adults between 31 and 40 years of age.

Demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system

2010 ◽  
pp. 4948-4963
Author(s):  
Siddharthan Chandran ◽  
Alastair Compston
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Demyelinating Diseases ◽  
Demyelinating Disorder ◽  
System P ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Demyelinating Disorders ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord

Clinicians suspect demyelination when episodes reflecting damage to white matter tracts within the central nervous system occur in young adults. The paucity of specific biological markers of discrete demyelinating syndromes places an emphasis on clinical phenotype—temporal and spatial patterns—when classifying demyelinating disorders. The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, the most common demyelinating disorder, becomes probable when these symptoms and signs recur, involving different parts of the brain and spinal cord. Other important demyelinating diseases include post-infectious neurological disorders (acute disseminated encephalomyelitis), demyelination resulting from metabolic derangements (central pontine myelinosis), and inherited leucodystrophies that may present in children or in adults. Accepting differences in mechanism, presentation, and treatment, two observations can usefully be made when classifying demyelinating disorders. These are the presence or absence of inflammation, and the extent of focal vs. diffuse demyelination. Multiple sclerosis is prototypic for the former, whereas dysmyelinating disorders, such as leucodystrophies are representative of the latter....

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in two renal transplant patients: is there a role for Epstein-Barr virus reactivation?

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1222-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Caucheteux ◽  
A Maarouf ◽  
L Daelman ◽  
O Toupance ◽  
S Lavaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Virus Reactivation ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus Reactivation

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, usually occurring after a vaccination or infectious disease. It has been exceptionally described in transplanted patients. The pathophysiology remains incompletely understood. We report the clinical, biological and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) presentation and evolution of two kidney-transplanted patients with ADEM associated with local Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation. ADEM may occur in transplanted patients with favorable evolution. Its pathophysiology is uncertain, and the implication of EBV is discussed.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Considerations in Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis and the Interface with MOG Antibody

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (05) ◽  
pp. 273-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan D. Santoro ◽  
Tanuja Chitnis
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Associated Diseases ◽  
Mog Antibodies ◽  
Demyelinating Disorders ◽  
Treatment Prognosis ◽  
Neurologic Findings

AbstractAcute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a common yet clinically heterogenous syndrome characterized by encephalopathy, focal neurologic findings, and abnormal neuroimaging. Differentiating ADEM from other demyelinating disorders of childhood can be difficult and appropriate interpretation of the historical, clinical, and neurodiagnostic components of a patient's presentation is critical. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated diseases are a recently recognized set of disorders, which include ADEM presentations, among other phenotypes. This review article discusses the clinical diagnosis, differential diagnosis, interpretation of data, and treatment/prognosis of this unique syndrome with distinctive review of the spectrum of MOG antibodies.

Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 540-547
Author(s):  
W. Oliver Tobin
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Demyelinating Diseases ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Multiple sclerosis is the most common idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), with a prevalence of 1 in 500 to 1 in 2,000 people, depending on geography and various other factors. Idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating diseases are a group of related disorders that include acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein–immunoglobulin G–associated CNS demyelinating disease.

Comparison of MOG and AQP4 antibody seroprevalence in Korean adults with inflammatory demyelinating CNS diseases

2020 ◽  
pp. 135245852094821
Author(s):  
Jae-Won Hyun ◽  
Hye Lim Lee ◽  
Woo Kyo Jeong ◽  
Hye Jung Lee ◽  
Jong Hwa Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein ◽  
Demyelinating Diseases ◽  
Aquaporin 4 ◽  
Cns Diseases ◽  
Korean Adults ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Mog Antibodies ◽  
Aqp4 Antibody

We aimed to compare seroprevalence of anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) and anti-aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibodies in Korean adults with inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDDs) of the central nervous system (CNS), based on a multicenter nationwide database. Sera were analyzed using a live cell–based assay for MOG and AQP4 antibodies. Of 586 Korean adults with IDDs of the CNS, 36 (6.1%) and 185 (31.6%) tested positive for MOG and AQP4 antibodies, respectively. No participant showed double positivity. Seroprevalence of MOG antibodies was about five times lower than that of AQP4 antibodies in a large cohort of Korean adults with IDDs of the CNS.

scholarly journals Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM): A Demyelinating Disease with Specific Morphological Features

2021 ◽  
pp. 106689692199356
Author(s):  
Fleur Cordier ◽  
Lars Velthof ◽  
David Creytens ◽  
Jo Van Dorpe
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Demyelinating Diseases ◽  
Demyelinating Disorder ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare immune-mediated inflammatory and demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. Its characteristic perivenular demyelination and inflammation aid in the differential diagnosis with other inflammatory demyelinating diseases. Here, we present a clinical case of ADEM, summarize its histological hallmarks, and discuss pitfalls concerning the most important neuropathological differential diagnoses.

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