Students’ ability beliefs about running in physical education: Qualitative findings from longitudinal data

2020 ◽  
pp. 1356336X2094990
Author(s):  
Ping Xiang ◽  
Jiling Liu ◽  
Weidong Li ◽  
Jianmin Guan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Implicit Theories ◽  
Social Comparisons ◽  
Eighth Grade ◽  
Physical Education Teachers ◽  
Ability Beliefs ◽  
Task Mastery ◽  
Implicit Theories Of Ability ◽  
Over Time

Students’ ability beliefs about running activities in physical education/athletics classes were investigated longitudinally from the perspectives of Nicholls’ conceptions of ability and Dweck’s implicit theories of ability. The data for this study were provided by 44 students (20 boys; 24 girls) who participated in a larger longitudinal project on students’ running motivation in schools. They were individually interviewed from fourth to eighth grade. All interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim for inductive analysis, revealing the criteria that students used to assess their own ability in running and reasons why they believed they could improve their ability in running. Frequencies and percentages were computed to determine changes in students’ ability assessment criteria over time. Results showed that students used ability, effort, task mastery, intra-individual comparisons, and social comparisons as criteria to assess their own ability in running as they progressed from the fourth to eighth grade. However, they increasingly used social comparison in assessment as they became older. Most students believed they could improve their ability in running, suggesting that they were incremental theorists. Ability/maturation, effort, experiences, and influences from significant others were cited as contributors to their beliefs about improving running ability. This study took the first step to provide longitudinal qualitative data on students’ ability beliefs about running in physical education/athletics classes. Findings of the study revealed students became more concerned with social comparisons in their ability assessments over time and held a belief that they could improve their own running ability. The implications of these findings for physical education teachers are discussed.

scholarly journals Implicit Theories of Ability in Physical Education: Current Issues and Future Directions

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Emily Warburton ◽  
Christopher Mark Spray
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Implicit Theories ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Theory Research ◽  
Ability Beliefs ◽  
Implicit Theories Of Ability

Purpose:In light of the extensive empirical evidence that implicit theories have important motivational consequences for young people across a range of educational settings we seek to provide a summary of, and personal reflection on, implicit theory research and practice in physical education (PE).Overview:We first provide an introduction to the key constructs and theoretical propositions associated with implicit theories. We then include a brief summary of the research findings on ability beliefs in school PE, which we draw on to identify several key issues that we feel are crucial to furthering our understanding of this topic. We conclude by offering a number of ideas for future research and discuss the potential misinterpretation of implicit theories when applied to professional practice in PE.Conclusions:We argue that researchers need to address more nuanced questions around implicit theories to prevent this area of inquiry stalling. Moreover, we need to provide teachers with more specific recommendations to help them integrate theory and research into practice.

scholarly journals Evaluating the implementation of the SWITCH® school wellness intervention and capacity-building process through multiple methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella M. McLoughlin ◽  
Priscila Candal ◽  
Spyridoula Vazou ◽  
Joey A. Lee ◽  
David A. Dzewaltowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Organizational Capacity ◽  
School Capacity ◽  
School Wellness ◽  
Building Process ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background School wellness programming is important for promoting healthy lifestyles and academic achievement in youth; however, research is needed on methods that can help schools implement and sustain such programs on their own. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors within and outside the school environment that influenced school capacity for implementation and potential sustainability of wellness programming. Methods As part of the School Wellness Integration Targeting Child Health (SWITCH®) intervention, elementary school wellness teams (N = 30) were guided through a capacity-building process focused on promoting the adoption of healthy lifestyle behaviors in students. Data on implementation were collected through three standardized surveys and interviews (pre-mid-post) and a post-implementation interview. Indicators of organizational capacity were assessed using the School Wellness Readiness Assessment (SWRA). Paired t-tests were run to assess changes in implementation (classroom, physical education, and lunchroom settings), capacity, and stakeholder engagement over time. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were run to examine how implementation of best practices (low, moderate, high) explained differences in capacity gains. Qualitative data were analyzed through inductive and deductive analysis, following the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Results Paired t-tests showed non-significant increases in school and setting-specific capacity and implementation of SWITCH best practices over time, in addition to a consistent level of engagement from key stakeholders. ANOVA results revealed non-significant associations between implementation group and gains in school capacity (F [2, 24] = 1.63; p = .21), class capacity (F [2, 24]=0.20 p = .82), lunchroom capacity (F [2, 24]=0.29; p = .78), and physical education (F [2, 24]=1.45; p = .25). Qualitative data demonstrated that factors within the outer setting (i.e., engaging community partners) facilitated programming. Inner-setting factors (i.e., relationships with administration and staff) influenced implementation. Implementation process themes (e.g., planning, adaptation of resources to meet school capacity/needs, and engaging students as leaders) were cited as key facilitators. Schools discussed factors affecting sustainability, such as school culture and knowledge of school wellness policy. Conclusions The results from this implementation study document the importance of allowing schools to adapt programming to meet their local needs, and highlight the strengths of measuring multiple implementation outcomes. Increased support is needed for schools regarding the formation and improvement of wellness policies as a means to enhance sustainability over time.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Implementation of the SWITCH® School Wellness Intervention Through Mixed Methods

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella M McLoughlin ◽  
Priscila Candal ◽  
Spyridoula Vazou ◽  
Joey A Lee ◽  
David A Dzewaltowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Organizational Capacity ◽  
School Capacity ◽  
School Wellness ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background: School wellness programming is important for promoting academic achievement and healthy lifestyles in youth; however, research is needed on methods that can help schools implement and sustain programs on their own. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors within and outside the school environment that impacted school capacity for implementation and potential sustainability of wellness programming. Methods: As part of the School Wellness Integration Targeting Child Health (SWITCH®) intervention, elementary school wellness teams (N=30) were guided through a capacity-building process focused on promoting the adoption of healthy lifestyle behaviors in students. Data on implementation were collected through three standardized surveys and interviews (pre-mid-post) and a post-implementation interview. Indicators of organizational capacity were assessed using the School Wellness Readiness Assessment (SWRA). Paired t-tests were run to assess changes in implementation (classroom, physical education, lunchroom settings), capacity, and stakeholder engagement over time. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were run to examine how implementation of best practices (low, moderate, high) explained differences in capacity gains. Qualitative data were analyzed through inductive and deductive analysis, following the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Results: Paired t-tests showed non-significant increases in school and setting-specific capacity and implementation of SWITCH best practices over time, in addition to a consistent level of engagement from key stakeholders. ANOVA analyses revealed positive, non-significant variances between implementation group and gains in school capacity (F[2,24]=1.63; p=.21), class capacity (F[2,24]=0.20 p=.82), lunchroom capacity (F[2,24]=0.29; p=.78), and physical education (F[2,24]=1.45; p=.25). Qualitative data demonstrated factors within the outer setting (i.e., engaging community partners) that facilitated programming. Inner-setting factors (i.e., relationships with administration and staff) significantly affected implementation. Implementation process construct themes (e.g., planning, adaptation of resources to meet school capacity/needs, and engaging students as leaders) were cited as key facilitators. Schools discussed factors impacting sustainability, such school culture and knowledge of school wellness policy. Conclusions: Findings suggest a modest but important impact of implementation on capacity change which is the primary goal of SWITCH. The results document the importance of allowing schools to adapt programming to meet their local needs.Trial Registration: NCT04045288

scholarly journals Teorías implícitas y modelos de formación subyacentes a la percepción de rol del profesor de Educación Física (Implicit theories and models of formation underlying the perception of the role of physical education teachers)

Retos ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
Benito Alonso Urra Tobar ◽  
María José Fehrenberg Gaete ◽  
Marcelo Muñoz Lara ◽  
Alexi Matheu Pérez ◽  
Alda Reyno Freundt
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Implicit Theories ◽  
Personal Attributes ◽  
Physical Education Teachers ◽  
Teaching Role ◽  
Mixed Approach ◽  
And Training ◽  
Modelo Pedagógico ◽  
Estudiantes Universitarios

El presente estudio emplea un enfoque mixto de investigación para analizar las teorías implícitas y modelos de formación subyacentes a la percepción del rol asociado al profesor de Educación Física en estudiantes universitarios chilenos que comienzan su período de formación. Para ello, se utilizó una muestra de 77 alumnos pertenecientes a dos universidades (57,1 % de sexo masculino y 42,9% de sexo femenino) con edades entre los 18 y los 20 años (x: 19,2 años). Los resultados más significativos revelan la alta influencia de la experiencia previa en la valoración de la asignatura y en la percepción del rol docente así como un énfasis en atributos personales y actitudinales del profesor por sobre aspectos metodológicos, conceptuales y valóricos. A partir de ello, se observa el predominio del modelo pedagógico y la teoría educativa como teoría implícita subyacente a la percepción de rol docente y, con ello, el énfasis en un modelo práctico de formación para poder abordar de mejor forma la expectativa laboral ligada a la docencia. Se analizan las implicancias y desafíos que tal realidad conlleva para las universidades y centros de formación en la disciplina. Abstract. The present study used a mixed approach of research to analyze the implicit theories and models of formation underlying the perception of the role associated with physical education teachers in Chilean university students who begin their period of training. Therefore, a sample of 77 students (57.1% male, 42.9% females) from two universities, aged between 18 and 20 years old (x: 19.2 years), was selected. The most significant results revealed high influence of previous experience on the evaluation of subjects and on the perception of the teaching role, as well as emphasis on teachers’ personal attributes and attitudes above methodological, conceptual, and value aspects. Based on that, there is a predominance of the pedagogical model and of the educational theory as implicit theories underlying the perception of teachers’ role and, alongside, an emphasis on practical formation models so to better approach work expectations related with teaching. The implications and challenges that such reality entails for universities and training centers in the discipline are analyzed.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Implementation of the SWITCH® School Wellness Intervention and Capacity-Building Process through Multiple Methods

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella M McLoughlin ◽  
Priscila Candal ◽  
Spyridoula Vazou ◽  
Joey A. Lee ◽  
David A. Dzewaltowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Organizational Capacity ◽  
School Capacity ◽  
School Wellness ◽  
Building Process ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background: School wellness programming is important for promoting healthy lifestyles and academic achievement in youth; however, research is needed on methods that can help schools implement and sustain such programs on their own. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors within and outside the school environment that influenced school capacity for implementation and potential sustainability of wellness programming. Methods: As part of the School Wellness Integration Targeting Child Health (SWITCH®) intervention, elementary school wellness teams (N = 30) were guided through a capacity-building process focused on promoting the adoption of healthy lifestyle behaviors in students. Data on implementation were collected through three standardized surveys and interviews (pre-mid-post) and a post-implementation interview. Indicators of organizational capacity were assessed using the School Wellness Readiness Assessment (SWRA). Paired t-tests were run to assess changes in implementation (classroom, physical education, and lunchroom settings), capacity, and stakeholder engagement over time. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were run to examine how implementation of best practices (low, moderate, high) explained differences in capacity gains. Qualitative data were analyzed through inductive and deductive analysis, following the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Results: Paired t-tests showed non-significant increases in school and setting-specific capacity and implementation of SWITCH best practices over time, in addition to a consistent level of engagement from key stakeholders. ANOVA results revealed positive, non-significant variances between implementation group and gains in school capacity (F[2,24] = 1.63; p = .21), class capacity (F[2,24]=0.20 p=.82), lunchroom capacity (F[2,24]=0.29; p=.78), and physical education (F[2,24]=1.45; p=.25). Qualitative data demonstrated that factors within the outer setting (i.e., engaging community partners) facilitated programming. Inner-setting factors (i.e., relationships with administration and staff) influenced implementation. Implementation process themes (e.g., planning, adaptation of resources to meet school capacity/needs, and engaging students as leaders) were cited as key facilitators. Schools discussed factors affecting sustainability, such as school culture and knowledge of school wellness policy. Conclusions: Findings suggest a potential relationship between implementation and capacity change, which is the primary goal of SWITCH. The results document the importance of allowing schools to adapt programming to meet their local needs.

Test anxiety in physical education: The predictive role of gender, age, and implicit theories of athletic ability

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Danthony ◽  
Nicolas Mascret ◽  
François Cury
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Implicit Theories ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Physical Education Teachers ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Entity Theory ◽  
Athletic Ability ◽  
Control Entity

Test anxiety is experienced by a substantial number of students in many school subjects, including physical education, and it may be deleterious for their school performance and their well-being. The aim of our study was to explore through multiple regression and mediation analyses the relationships between test anxiety in physical education, implicit theories, gender, and age. Five hundred and twenty-six French students ( Mage = 15.82, SD = 1.19) voluntarily participated in the study. The results mainly highlighted the following: Gender was a significant predictor of all the components of physical education test anxiety, evidencing that girls scored higher than boys on the four negative components (worry, self-focus, bodily symptoms, somatic tension), and lower on the positive component (perceived control). Age negatively predicted the self-focus component only. Entity theory was a significant predictor of the five components of test anxiety, whereas incremental theory only positively predicted perceived control. Entity theory partially mediated the relationships between gender and perceived control. A better understanding by physical education teachers of the characteristics of their students (e.g. gender differences, age, implicit theories of athletic ability) may contribute to decreasing test anxiety in physical education.

The Role of Ability Beliefs and Incentives in Middle School Students’ Intention, Cardiovascular Fitness, and Effort

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zan Gao ◽  
Ken R. Lodewyk ◽  
Tao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Middle School Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Educational Practice ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Physical Education Teachers ◽  
School Students ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Ability Beliefs

This study uncovers the predictive relationship of middle school students’ ability beliefs (self-efficacy and expectancy-related beliefs) and incentives (outcome expectancy, importance, interest, and usefulness) to intention, cardiovascular fitness, and teacher-rated effort in physical education. Participants (N = 252; 118 boys, 134 girls) completed questionnaires assessing their ability beliefs, incentives, and intention for future participation in physical education, and then had their cardiovascular fitness assessed with the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER) test. Students’ effort in class was rated by their respective physical education teachers. Correlation analysis yielded significantly positive relationships between ability beliefs and incentives. Regression results revealed that ability beliefs, importance, interest, and usefulness significantly predicted intention for future participation. Ability beliefs also emerged as significant predictors of PACER test scores whereas self-efficacy was the only predictor of teacher-rated effort. Implications for educational practice are discussed.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Implementation of the SWITCH® School Wellness Intervention and Capacity-Building Process through Multiple Methods

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella M McLoughlin ◽  
Priscila Candal ◽  
Spyridoula Vazou ◽  
Joey A. Lee ◽  
David A. Dzewaltowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Organizational Capacity ◽  
School Capacity ◽  
School Wellness ◽  
Building Process ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background: School wellness programming is important for promoting healthy lifestyles and academic achievement in youth; however, research is needed on methods that can help schools implement and sustain such programs on their own. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors within and outside the school environment that influenced school capacity for implementation and potential sustainability of wellness programming. Methods: As part of the School Wellness Integration Targeting Child Health (SWITCH®) intervention, elementary school wellness teams (N = 30) were guided through a capacity-building process focused on promoting the adoption of healthy lifestyle behaviors in students. Data on implementation were collected through three standardized surveys and interviews (pre-mid-post) and a post-implementation interview. Indicators of organizational capacity were assessed using the School Wellness Readiness Assessment (SWRA). Paired t-tests were run to assess changes in implementation (classroom, physical education, and lunchroom settings), capacity, and stakeholder engagement over time. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were run to examine how implementation of best practices (low, moderate, high) explained differences in capacity gains. Qualitative data were analyzed through inductive and deductive analysis, following the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Results: Paired t-tests showed non-significant increases in school and setting-specific capacity and implementation of SWITCH best practices over time, in addition to a consistent level of engagement from key stakeholders. ANOVA results revealed positive, non-significant variances between implementation group and gains in school capacity (F[2,24] = 1.63; p = .21), class capacity (F[2,24]=0.20 p=.82), lunchroom capacity (F[2,24]=0.29; p=.78), and physical education (F[2,24]=1.45; p=.25). Qualitative data demonstrated that factors within the outer setting (i.e., engaging community partners) facilitated programming. Inner-setting factors (i.e., relationships with administration and staff) influenced implementation. Implementation process themes (e.g., planning, adaptation of resources to meet school capacity/needs, and engaging students as leaders) were cited as key facilitators. Schools discussed factors affecting sustainability, such as school culture and knowledge of school wellness policy. Conclusions: The results from this implementation study document the importance of allowing schools to adapt programming to meet their local needs, and highlight the strengths of measuring multiple implementation outcomes. Increased support is needed for schools regarding the formation and improvement of wellness policies as a means to enhance sustainability over time.

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