scholarly journals Bedtime procrastination: A self-regulation perspective on sleep insufficiency in the general population

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 853-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Floor M Kroese ◽  
Catharine Evers ◽  
Marieke A Adriaanse ◽  
Denise TD de Ridder
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Bedtime Procrastination

scholarly journals Trends in Free Sugar Content of Slovenian Pre-Packaged Foods and Non-Alcoholic Beverages

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Zupanic ◽  
Igor Pravst
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
World Health ◽  
Free Sugar ◽  
Sugar Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractIn 2015, World Health Organization (WHO) has issued guidelines to reduce the consumption of free sugars to no more than 10% of the total daily energy intake, with additional health benefits achieved when aiming to less than 5%. For the general population, following these recommendations has proven difficult due to the massive amount of free sugar available in pre-packed products on the market. In Slovenia, a series of actions have been undertaken to reduce the availability and consumption of foods high in free sugar, including food industry responsibility pledges from soft drink and dairy industry (in 2015 and 2017, respectively).To monitor the efficacy of those actions as well as general trends in free sugar content on the Slovenian food market, the cross-sectional study from 2015 was repeated in 2017. Data from 21,115 pre-packed food items were systematically collected from major retailer shops in Ljubljana, Slovenia. All products were photographed and their European/International Article (EAN) codes scanned to assemble an online database. The products were later assigned to one of the 49 pre-defined food categories, matching those from 2015. The categories that contributed to free sugar consumption in 2015 the most were re-analysed in 2017.Results showed that in the category of Chocolate and sweets, which in 2015 contributed one third of all free sugar sold on Slovenian market, mean free sugar content increased by 4.7 %. Among Soft drinks, which followed shortly after, free sugar content dropped by 8 %. The decrease was also observed among Jellies (10.7 %) Yogurt products (5.7 %), Breakfast cereals (1.7 %), Biscuits (0.9 %), as well as Fruit and vegetable juices (0.9 %). On the other hand, large increase was observed among Ice creams and edible ices (31.3 %) and in the category of Jam and spreads, in which mean free sugar content increased by 20.3 %.The data showed some favourable trends in free sugar content in many food categories that contribute an important share to an overall free sugar consumption. However, free sugar in certain food categories such as Chocolate and sweets is still on the rise, exposing the need for additional actions that would encourage industry to reformulate products with a lesser amount of free sugar. Moreover, industry self-regulation may be one of, but not the only measure to efficiently reduce free sugar consumption among general population.

scholarly journals Social-distancing effectiveness tracking of the COVID-19 hotspot Stockholm

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Oberhammer
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Care Home ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Care Homes ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Transmission Characteristics ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Social

SummaryBackgroundThe COVID-19 outbreak in Stockholm, Sweden, is characterized by a near-absence of governmental interventions and high fatalities in the care home population. This study analyses the outbreak and the social-distancing effectiveness timeline in the general population and the care homes.MethodsA novel distributed-compartmental, time-variant epidemiological model was designed specifically for COVID-19 transmission characteristics, featuring a/pre/symptomatic transmission, a non-linear hospital model, a weakly-coupled sub-model for the care-home population, and parametrized continuous social-distancing functions. The model parameters and the social-distancing timelines are determined by randomization and Monte-Carlo simulations analysing real-world data.FindingsDespite a high initial reproduction number (3·29) and the near-absence of governmental interventions, the model quantitated that the transmission rate in the general population was suppressed by 73%, and in the care homes by 79%. The measures in the care homes took effect 4·8 days delayed; and if applied 4 or 8 days earlier, the fatalities could have been reduced by 63·2% or 89·9%. The infected population is estimated to 16·2% (June 10). An expected underestimation of population immunity by antibody studies is confirmed. The infection fatality ratio extrapolates to 0·61% (peak: 1·34%). The model indicates a seasonal effect which effectively suppressed a new rise. An analysed large-scale public event had no large influence. The asymptomatic ratio was determined to 35%.InterpretationThe proposed model and methods have proven to analyse a COVID-19 outbreak and to re-construct the social-distancing behaviour with unprecedented accuracy, confirming even minor details indicated by mobility-data analysis, and are applicable to other regions and other emerging infectious diseases of similar transmission characteristics. The self-regulation of the population in Stockholm, influenced by advices by the authorities, was able to suppress a COVID-19 outbreak to a level far beyond that the stringency index of governmental interventions suggests. Proper timing of effective measures in the care homes is important to reduce fatalities.

scholarly journals Developing evidence-based behavioural strategies to overcome physiological resistance to weight loss in the general population

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 576-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. James Stubbs ◽  
Cristiana Duarte ◽  
Ruairi O'Driscoll ◽  
Jake Turicchi ◽  
Joanna Michalowska
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
General Population ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Relapse Prevention ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Body Structure ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Physiological Resistance ◽  
Improved Methods

Physiological and behavioural systems are tolerant of excess energy intake and responsive to energy deficits. Weight loss (WL) changes body structure, physiological function and energy balance (EB) behaviours, which resist further WL and promote subsequent weight regain. Measuring and understanding the response of EB systems to energy deficits is important for developing evidence-based behaviour change interventions for longer-term weight management. Currently, behaviour change approaches for longer-term WL show modest effect sizes. Self-regulation of EB behaviours (e.g. goal setting, action plans, self-monitoring, relapse prevention plans) and aspects of motivation are important for WL maintenance. Stress management, emotion regulation and food hedonics may also be important for relapse prevention, but the evidence is less concrete. Although much is known about the effects of WL on physiological and psychological function, little is known about the way these dynamic changes affect human EB behaviours. Key areas of future importance include (i) improved methods for detailed tracking of energy expenditure, balance and by subtraction intake, using digital technologies, (ii) how WL impacts body structure, function and subsequent EB behaviours, (iii) how behaviour change approaches can overcome physiological resistance to WL and (iv) who is likely to maintain WL or relapse. Modelling physiological and psychological moderators and mediators of EB-related behaviours is central to understanding and improving longer-term weight and health outcomes in the general population.

Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Adaptation of the Anger Rumination Scale: Evidence of Reliability and Validity in the General Population

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inés Magán Uceda ◽  
José Héctor Lozano Bleda ◽  
Miguel Ángel Pérez Nieto ◽  
Denis G. Sukhodolsky ◽  
Amalia Escalona Martínez
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Anger Rumination ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Adaptive Behaviours ◽  
Anger Experience

AbstractThe key role of rumination and perseveration processes in anger experience has been empirically supported. The tendency to ruminate has been demonstrated to be crucial in understanding pathological and adaptive behaviours. The Anger Rumination Scale (ARS) was developed to assess anger rumination frequency when people are angry, showing adequate levels of reliability and validity. However, although it has been adapted to several languages, the development of the Spanish version was still pending. The aim of this study, therefore, was to develop the Spanish adaptation of the ARS and to validate it in a general population sample (N = 388). Participants were asked to complete the ARS as well as other measures of anger (STAXI-2), anxiety (STAI-T), depression (BDI-II short form), rumination (PSWQ), and thought self-regulation (TCQ). A confirmatory factor analysis replicated the four-factor structure obtained with the original version (S-B χ2(145) = 323.26, p < .00005; CFI = .92; TLI = .90; RMSEA = .06; SRMR = .05). The resulting subscales (i.e., Angry Afterthoughts, Angry Memories, Thoughts of Revenge, and Understanding of Causes) met psychometric criteria of reliability (α = .89) and validity. In conclusion, a psychometrically sound Spanish adaptation of the ARS is now available.

scholarly journals How users experience and use an eHealth intervention based on self-regulation: a mixed-methods approach (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Poppe ◽  
Celien Van der Mispel ◽  
Geert Crombez ◽  
Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij ◽  
Maïté Verloigne
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Action Planning ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Identification Problem ◽  
Behaviour Change Techniques ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Structured Interviews

BACKGROUND EHealth interventions show stronger effects when informed by solid behaviour change theories. For example, self-regulation models supporting people in translating vague intentions to specific actions have shown to be effective in altering health behaviours. Although these theories inform developers about which behaviour change techniques should be included, they provide limited information about how these techniques can be implemented in online interventions in an engaging way. Taking into account the high levels of attrition in eHealth, investigating users’ experience about the implementation of behaviour change techniques might be a fruitful avenue. OBJECTIVE We investigated how users experienced the implementation of self-regulation techniques in an online intervention targeting physical activity and sedentary behaviour in the general population. METHODS Twenty adults from the general population used the intervention for a period of five weeks. Users’ website data were explored and semi-structured interviews with each of the users were performed. A directed content analysis was performed using NVivo Software. RESULTS The techniques ‘providing feedback on performance’, ‘action planning’ and ‘prompting review of behavioural goals’ were appreciated by the users. However, the implementation of ‘barrier identification/problem solving’ appeared to frustrate users. This was also reflected by the users’ website data: many coping plans were of poor quality. Most users were well-aware of the benefits of adopting a more active way of living and stated not to have learned novel information. However, they appreciated the provided information as it reminded them about the importance of having an active lifestyle. Furthermore, prompting users to self-monitor their behavioural change was not stimulating enough to make users actually monitor their behaviour. CONCLUSIONS Iteratively involving potential end-users offers guidance to optimally adapt the implementation of various behaviour change techniques to the target population. We recommend to create short interventions with a straightforward lay-out that support users in creating and evaluating specific plans for action.

Self-Regulation and the Writing Process: Enhancing the Performance of Students With Language and Learning Difficulties

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary A. Troia
Keyword(s):  
Writing Process ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Learning Difficulties ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Struggling Learners ◽  
Evidence Based Practices

Abstract This article first provides an overview of components of self-regulation in writing and specific examples of each component are given. The remainder of the article addresses common reasons why struggling learners experience trouble with revising, followed by evidence-based practices to help students revise their papers more effectively.

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