scholarly journals No association between moist oral snuff (snus) use and oral cancer: pooled analysis of nine prospective observational studies

2020 ◽  
pp. 140349482091957
Author(s):  
Marzieh Araghi ◽  
Maria Rosaria Galanti ◽  
Michael Lundberg ◽  
Zhiwei Liu ◽  
Weimin Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Lower Intensity ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Shared Frailty ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Health Registers ◽  
Swedish Snus ◽  
Reduced Risk

Aims: Worldwide, smokeless-tobacco use is a major risk factor for oral cancer. Evidence regarding the particular association between Swedish snus use and oral cancer is, however, less clear. We used pooled individual data from the Swedish Collaboration on Health Effects of Snus Use to assess the association between snus use and oral cancer. Methods: A total of 418,369 male participants from nine cohort studies were followed up for oral cancer incidence through linkage to health registers. We used shared frailty models with random effects at the study level, to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for confounding factors. Results: During 9,201,647 person-years of observation, 628 men developed oral cancer. Compared to never-snus use, ever-snus use was not associated with oral cancer (adjusted HR 0.90, 95% CI: 0.74, 1.09). There were no clear trends in risk with duration or intensity of snus use, although lower intensity use (⩽ 4 cans/week) was associated with a reduced risk (HR 0.65, 95% CI: 0.45, 0.94). Snus use was not associated with oral cancer among never smokers (HR 0.87, 95% CI: 0.57, 1.32). Conclusions: Swedish snus use does not appear to be implicated in the development of oral cancer in men.

scholarly journals Swedish snus use is associated with mortality: a pooled analysis of eight prospective studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marja Lisa Byhamre ◽  
Marzieh Araghi ◽  
Lars Alfredsson ◽  
Rino Bellocco ◽  
Gunnar Engström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Shared Frailty ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Swedish Snus

Abstract Background The health consequences of the use of Swedish snus, including its relationship with mortality, have not been fully established. We investigated the relationship between snus use and all-cause and cause-specific mortality (death due to cardiovascular diseases, cancer diseases and all other reasons, respectively) in a nationwide collaborative pooling project. Methods We followed 169 103 never-smoking men from eight Swedish cohort studies, recruited in 1978–2010. Shared frailty models with random effects at the study level were used in order to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of mortality associated with snus use. Results Exclusive current snus users had an increased risk of all-cause mortality (aHR 1.28, 95% CI 1.20–1.35), cardiovascular mortality (aHR 1.27, 95% CI 1.15–1.41) and other cause mortality (aHR 1.37, 95% CI 1.24–1.52) compared with never-users of tobacco. The risk of cancer mortality was also increased (aHR 1.12, 95% CI 1.00–1.26). These mortality risks increased with duration of snus use, but not with weekly amount. Conclusions Snus use among men is associated with increased all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, with death from other causes and possibly with increased cancer mortality.

scholarly journals Smoking and nasopharyngeal cancer: individual data meta-analysis of six prospective studies on 334 935 men

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Huang Lin ◽  
Chi Pang Wen ◽  
Chao Qiang Jiang ◽  
Jian-Min Yuan ◽  
Chien Jen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Individual Participant Data ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Smoking Exposure ◽  
Drinking Status ◽  
Individual Participant ◽  
Never Smokers

Abstract Background The role of smoking in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains uncertain, especially in endemic regions. We conducted an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies to investigate the associations between smoking exposure and risk of NPC. Methods We obtained individual participant data of 334 935 male participants from six eligible population-based cohorts in NPC-endemic regions, including two each in Guangzhou and Taiwan, and one each in Hong Kong and Singapore. We used one- and two-stage approaches IPD meta-analysis and Cox proportional hazard models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of NPC for smoking exposure adjusting for age and drinking status. Results During 2 961 315 person-years of follow-up, 399 NPC evens were ascertained. Risks of NPC were higher in ever versus never smokers (HRone-stage = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.07-1.63, P = 0.0088; HRtwo-stage = 1.27, 1.01-1.60, 0.04). These positive associations appeared to be stronger in ever smokers who consumed 16+ cigarettes/day (HRone-stage = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.29-2.16, P = 0.0001), and in those who started smoking at age younger than 16 (2.16, 1.33-3.50, 0.0103), with dose-response relationships (P-values for trend = 0.0028 and 0.0103, respectively). Quitting (versus daily smoking) showed a small reduced risk (stopped for 5+ years: HRone-stage = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.60-1.39, P = 0.66; for former smokers: HRtwo-stage = 0.84, 0.61-1.14, 0.26). Conclusions This first IPD meta-analysis from six prospective cohorts in endemic regions has provided robust observational evidence that smoking increased NPC risk in men. NPC should be added to the 12–16 cancer sites known to be tobacco-related cancers. Strong tobacco control policies, preventing young individuals from smoking, would reduce NPC risk in endemic regions.

scholarly journals Effects of β-Cryptoxanthin on Improvement in Osteoporosis Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 296
Author(s):  
Sun Jo Kim ◽  
Nguyen Hoang Anh ◽  
Nguyen Co Diem ◽  
Seongoh Park ◽  
Young Hyun Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
High Intake ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Osteoporosis Risk ◽  
Reduced Risk

Many studies have analyzed the effects of β-cryptoxanthin (BCX) on osteoporosis and bone health. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at providing quantitative evidence for the effects of BCX on osteoporosis. Publications were selected and retrieved from three databases and carefully screened to evaluate their eligibility. Data from the final 15 eligible studies were extracted and uniformly summarized. Among the 15 studies, seven including 100,496 individuals provided information for the meta-analysis. A random effects model was applied to integrate the odds ratio (OR) to compare the risk of osteoporosis and osteoporosis-related complications between the groups with high and low intake of BCX. A high intake of BCX was significantly correlated with a reduced risk of osteoporosis (OR = 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70–0.90, p = 0.0002). The results remained significant when patients were stratified into male and female subgroups as well as Western and Asian cohorts. A high intake of BCX was also negatively associated with the incidence of hip fracture (OR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.54–0.94, p = 0.02). The results indicate that BCX intake potentially reduces the risk of osteoporosis and hip fracture. Further longitudinal studies are needed to validate the causality of current findings.

Abstract P209: Dose-Response Relationship Between Dietary Intake of Alpha-linolenic Acid and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: A Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingkai Wei ◽  
Yuzhi Xi ◽  
Ruixue Hou ◽  
Alysse Kowalski ◽  
Hao Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Chd Risk ◽  
Reduced Risk

Introduction: Previous studies show that alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is associated with reduced risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). However, it remains unclear whether and how dietary ALA doses are related to CHD. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that higher dietary ALA intake is associated with a greater reduction in risk of CHD. Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science for prospective studies examining the association between dietary ALA intake and CHD risk. Dietary ALA intake was assigned or measured by self-report. Outcomes were reported as total and fatal CHD and/or myocardial infarction, which were obtained from blinded endpoint assessments or medical records. Two-stage fixed-effects dose-response meta-analyses were conducted to estimate the association between increasing ALA intake (relative to study-specific referents) and CHD. Results: Fifteen published articles were identified and included in the meta-analysis (13 cohort studies and 2 randomized controlled trials). The pooled analysis was based on 310,768 individuals with 12,049 events with a mean length of follow-up of 9.6 years. The analysis showed a J-shaped curve between ALA intake and relative risk of total CHD (Chi-square=21.08, p<0.001). ALA intake from 0.3-1.4g/day showed reduced risk of total CHD, while intake ≥2.5g/day was associated with increased risk of CHD, compared to people without ALA intake (Figure 1A). Approximately 1g/day of ALA intake was associated with the lowest risk of total CHD. ALA intake was linearly associated with fatal CHD - every 1g/day increase in ALA intake was associated with an 11% decrease in fatal CHD risk (95% CI: -0.16, -0.05) (Figure 1B). Conclusion: The J-shaped dose-response relationship based on our pooled analysis suggests that 1g/day of dietary ALA may be optimal for total CHD prevention. Though a higher dietary ALA intake was associated with reduced risk of fatal CHD, the excess total CHD risk at higher ALA intakes warrants further investigation, especially through randomized controlled trials.

scholarly journals Relationships between intensity, duration, cumulative dose, and timing of smoking with age at menopause: A pooled analysis of individual data from 17 observational studies

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e1002704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongshan Zhu ◽  
Hsin-Fang Chung ◽  
Nirmala Pandeya ◽  
Annette J. Dobson ◽  
Janet E. Cade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cumulative Dose ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Individual Data ◽  
Age At Menopause

scholarly journals Bioactive effects of citrus flavonoids and role in the prevention of atherosclerosis and cancer

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Giammanco ◽  
Fulvio Plescia ◽  
Manfredi M. Giammanco ◽  
Gaetano Leto ◽  
Carla Gentile
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Malignant Diseases ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Citrus Flavonoids ◽  
Prevention Of Atherosclerosis ◽  
Reduced Risk

Citrus fruits are the main fruits of the Mediterranean diet and have been long recognized for their beneficial effects on human health. Observational studies have shown a significant association between dietary flavo-noid intake and reduced risk of cardiovascular and malignant diseases. The beneficial effects of citrus fruits on human health appear to be due to their high content in vitamins, minerals and fibers. In particular, the an-tioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities have been indicated as some of the mechanisms through which citrus fruits may thwarts the development of chronic degenerative diseases such as atherosclerosis and can-cer. This review would critically examine the results from numerous studies carried out in order assess the contribute of citrus flavonoids to the prevention of chronic pathological conditions including athero-sclerosis and cancer.

Risk of Gastrointestinal Bleeding on Treatment With Statin Alone or With Concomitant Administration of Warfarin: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 5.3 Million Participants

2021 ◽  
pp. 106002802110497
Author(s):  
Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula ◽  
Kota Vidyasaga ◽  
Eyob Alemayehu Gebreyohannes ◽  
Wubshet Tesfaye
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Concomitant Administration ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Statin Monotherapy ◽  
Statin Use

Objective: This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) with statin monotherapy or with concomitant warfarin use. Data Sources: PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE (via Scopus) were searched for observational studies that reported the risk of GIB in adults on statin therapy or with concomitant warfarin use until August 28, 2021. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Observational studies evaluating the risk of GIB in adults (age >18 years) on statin medication or concomitant use with warfarin were included. Data Synthesis: In all, 14 studies with a total of 5 235 123 participants, reporting 48 677 GIB events (43 734 from statin users and 4943 from users of statin combined with warfarin), were included in the analyses. The pooled analysis revealed no difference in the risk of GIB with statin monotherapy (relative risk [RR]: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.42-1.02) or concomitant statin + warfarin use (RR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.91-1.02). Prior use of statin was not associated with GIB risk (RR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.63-1.22), whereas a shorter duration of statin use (<5 years) was associated with a lower risk of GIB (RR: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.18-0.97). Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: This analysis provides strong evidence on the association between statin use (with/without warfarin) and risk of GIB. Conclusion: Statin alone or combined with warfarin was not significantly associated with either an increased or decreased risk of GIB. The GIB risk was significantly lower when statins were used for a short duration (<5 years). The putative relationship between statins and GIB in warfarin users warrant further investigation.

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