scholarly journals Effects of β-Cryptoxanthin on Improvement in Osteoporosis Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 296
Author(s):  
Sun Jo Kim ◽  
Nguyen Hoang Anh ◽  
Nguyen Co Diem ◽  
Seongoh Park ◽  
Young Hyun Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
High Intake ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Osteoporosis Risk ◽  
Reduced Risk

Many studies have analyzed the effects of β-cryptoxanthin (BCX) on osteoporosis and bone health. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at providing quantitative evidence for the effects of BCX on osteoporosis. Publications were selected and retrieved from three databases and carefully screened to evaluate their eligibility. Data from the final 15 eligible studies were extracted and uniformly summarized. Among the 15 studies, seven including 100,496 individuals provided information for the meta-analysis. A random effects model was applied to integrate the odds ratio (OR) to compare the risk of osteoporosis and osteoporosis-related complications between the groups with high and low intake of BCX. A high intake of BCX was significantly correlated with a reduced risk of osteoporosis (OR = 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70–0.90, p = 0.0002). The results remained significant when patients were stratified into male and female subgroups as well as Western and Asian cohorts. A high intake of BCX was also negatively associated with the incidence of hip fracture (OR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.54–0.94, p = 0.02). The results indicate that BCX intake potentially reduces the risk of osteoporosis and hip fracture. Further longitudinal studies are needed to validate the causality of current findings.

scholarly journals The association of fracture risk in atrial fibrillation patients and long-term anticoagulant therapy category: a systematic review and meta-analysis

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10683
Author(s):  
Jun Chen ◽  
Lingchun Lyu ◽  
Jiayi Shen ◽  
Chunlai Zeng ◽  
Cheng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Hip Fractures ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Hip Fracture Risk ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective Our study aimed to assess the risk of all fractures and hip fractures in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who took non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) compared to warfarin. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library and Clinical Trials.gov Website. Reviewed related researches up to January 31, 2020, to identify studies with more than 12 months of follow-up data. The protocol for this systematic review and meta-analysis has been registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO Number: CRD42020156893). Results We included five RCT studies, and five observational studies that contained a total of 326,846 patients in our meta-analysis. Our meta-analysis showed that patients taken NOACs had no significant all fracture risk (RR = 0.91, 95% CI [0.81–1.01]) and hip fracture risk (RR = 0.92, 95% CI [0.82–1.03]) compared with those taken warfarin. Subanalysis showed that the risk of all fractures and hip fractures treated by NOACs were significant lower compared with warfarin in observational studies compared with RCT studies. Also, a subanalysis across the duration of anticoagulation showed the NOACs users have lower all fracture risk than warfarin users when the duration of anticoagulation ≤2 years (RR = 0.89, 95% CI [0.80–0.99]). Further analysis, significant lower all fracture risk in the rivaroxaban therapy (RR = 0.81; 95% CI [0.76–0.86]) compared with warfarin but no statistical significance in hip fracture. There were no significant difference of all fracture risk and hip fracture risk in dabigatran, apixaban, and edoxaban therapy compared with warfarin. Conclusion The meta-analysis demonstrated that NOACs associated with a significantly lower all fracture risk compared with warfarin when the duration of anticoagulation more than 2 years. Rivaroxaban users had lower risk of all fracture than warfarin users in AF patients. But there was no evidence to verify apixaban, edoxaban, and dabigatranin could decrease all fracture and hip fracture risk compared with warfarin.

scholarly journals Effect of Bisphosphonates on Bone Health in Adult Renal Transplant Patients: Beyond the First Year Posttransplant—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 205435811985801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa Lip ◽  
Ashley Warias ◽  
M. Khaled Shamseddin ◽  
Benjamin Thomson ◽  
D. Thiwanka Wijeratne
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
First Year ◽  
Bisphosphonate Treatment ◽  
Mineral Density

Background: Bone mineral density (BMD) decreases postrenal transplantation. Evidence demonstrating the effects of bisphosphonates on BMD and fracture risk beyond 1-year posttransplant is sparse in existing literature, but remains essential to enhance clinical outcomes in this population. Objective: Our study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze the current literature on the use of any bisphosphonate in the adult renal transplant population beyond the first year of renal transplant to determine its effect on BMD and fracture incidence. Design: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of primary research literature that included full-text, English-language, original randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and observational studies. Setting: Patient data were primarily captured in an outpatient setting across various studies. Patients: Our population of interest was patients older than 18 years who received deceased/living donor kidney transplantation and any bisphosphonate with a follow-up greater than 12 months posttransplantation. Measurements: The primary outcome was change in BMD from baseline. Secondary outcomes were the incidence of fractures and effects of other confounders on bone health. Methods: We included RCTs and observational studies that satisfied our inclusion criteria. Each study was analyzed for risk of bias and data were extrapolated to analyze for overall statistical significance accounting for heterogeneity of studies. Results: Sixteen studies (N = 1762) were analyzed. The follow-up ranged from 12 to 98 months. There was a nonsignificant improvement in BMD with bisphosphonate treatment persisting into the second and third years posttransplant at the lumbar spine. The calculated standardized mean BMD difference was −0.29 (−0.75 to 0.17), P = .22. Only 5 studies reported a total of 43 new fractures. Prednisone ( P < .01), low body weight ( P < .001), low body mass index ( P < .01), and male gender ( P < .05) correlated with reduced lumbar and femoral BMD. Limitations: Limitations of this review include the use of BMD as a surrogate outcome, the bias of the included studies, and the incomplete reporting data in numerous analyzed studies. Conclusions: We demonstrate no statistically significant benefit of bisphosphonate treatment on BMD beyond the first year postrenal transplantation. Despite heterogeneity of treatment, a differential nonsignificant improvement in lumbar spine BMD was consistent and may be clinically relevant. Trial Registration: PROSPERO CRD42019125593

scholarly journals Hip Fractures in Elderly People: Surgery or No Surgery? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelis L. P. van de Ree ◽  
Mariska A. C. De Jongh ◽  
Charles M. M. Peeters ◽  
Leonie de Munter ◽  
Jan. A. Roukema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Hip Fracture ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Hip Fractures ◽  
Frail Elderly ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Meta Analysis

Introduction: Increasing numbers of patients with hip fractures also have advanced comorbidities. A majority are treated surgically. However, a significantly increasing percentage of medically unfit patients with unacceptably high risk of perioperative death are treated nonoperatively. Important questions about patients’ prefracture quality of life (QOL) and future perspectives should be asked before considering different treatment options to assess what kind of treatment is advisable in frail elderly high-risk patients with a hip fracture. Objective: The aim of this review was to provide an overview of differences in mortality, health-related QOL [(HR)QOL], functional outcome, and costs between nonoperative management (NOM) and operative management (OM) of hip fractures in patients above 65 years. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in EMBASE, OvidSP, PubMed, Cochrane Central, and Web of Science for observational studies and trials. Observational studies and randomized controlled trials comparing NOM with OM in hip fracture patients were selected. The methodological quality of the selected studies was assessed according to the Methodological Index for Nonrandomized Studies (MINORS) or Furlan checklist. Results: Seven observational studies were included with a total of 1189 patients, of whom 242 (20.3%) were treated conservatively. The methodological quality of the studies was moderate (mean: 14.7, standard deviation [SD]: 1.5). The 30-day and 1-year mortalities were higher in the nonoperative group (odds ratio [OR]: 3.95, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.43-10.96; OR: 3.84, 95% CI: 1.57-9.41). None of the included studies compared QOL, functional outcome, or health-care costs between the 2 groups. Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that only a few studies with small number of patients comparing NOM with OM were published. A significantly higher 30-day and 1-year mortality was revealed in nonoperatively treated hip fracture patients. No data were found examining (HR)QOL and costs. Further work is needed to enable shared decision-making and to initiate NOM in frail elderly patients with advanced comorbidity and limited life expectancy.

scholarly journals Folate Intake,MTHFRPolymorphisms, and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah A. Kennedy ◽  
Seth J. Stern ◽  
Ilan Matok ◽  
Myla E. Moretti ◽  
Moumita Sarkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Estimate ◽  
Folate Intake ◽  
Methylene Tetrahydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Methylene Tetrahydrofolate ◽  
Reduced Risk

Background. The objective was to determine whether relationships exist between the methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphisms and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and examine whether the risk is modified by level of folate intake.Methods. MEDLINE, Embase, and SCOPUS were searched to May 2012 using the terms “folic acid,” “folate,” “colorectal cancer,” “methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase,” “MTHFR.” Observational studies were included which (1) assessed the risk of CRC for each polymorphism and/or (2) had defined levels of folate intake for each polymorphism and assessed the risk of CRC.Results. From 910 references, 67 studies met our criteria; hand searching yielded 10 studies. The summary risk estimate comparing the677CT versus CC genotype was 1.02 (95% CI 0.95–1.10) and for677TT versus CC was 0.88 (95% CI 0.80–0.96) both with heterogeneity. The summary risk estimates for A1298C polymorphisms suggested no reduced risk. The summary risk estimate for high versus low total folate for the677CC genotype was 0.70 (95% CI 0.56–0.89) and the677TT genotype 0.63 (95% CI 0.41–0.97).Conclusion. These results suggest that the677TT genotype is associated with a reduced risk of developing CRC, under conditions of high total folate intake, and this associated risk remains reduced for bothMTHFR 677CC and TT genotypes.

scholarly journals Asociación entre la exposición al frío y el asma: revisión sistemática y meta-análisis, 1965-2015

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-177
Author(s):  
Germán Zuluaga Ramírez ◽  
Iván Sarmiento Combariza ◽  
Juan Pimentel González ◽  
Neil Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Revisión Sistemática ◽  
Environmental Air

Objectives: to conduct a systematic review and a meta-analysis of observational and expe- rimental studies that explore the relation between asthma and cold exposure. Materials and methods: systematic review of experimental and observational studies pu- blished up to August 2015 in Pubmed, Embase and Lilacs. Two researchers selected studies that measured the occurrence of asthma in individuals exposed to different environmen- tal temperatures. A meta-analysis used RevMan 5.3’s random effects model to calculate a summary weighted Odds Ratio with 95% confidence intervals, and a sensitivity analysis identified the influence of each study. Subsequent subgroup analyses identified summary measures by type of cold exposure and study design. Additional analysis measured hetero- geneity and risk of bias. Results: we found 86 studies measuring the relation between cold exposure and asthma. We included 11.6% (10/86) of the studies in the meta-analysis and found an association between cold exposure and asthma with all the studies (ORw 2.0 95%CI 1.28-3.14), with the subgroup of experimental studies (ORw 3.8 IC95% 1.70-8.86), and with cold environmental air (ORw 1.59 IC95% 1.10-2.30). The studies had high risk of bias and statistical heteroge- neity [I2 : 63.1% (27%-81.4%)]. Conclusions: the results support the hypothesis of an association between asthma and cold exposure. This study encourages to explore the concepts proposed by traditional medi- cine to establish its benefits on prevention and care of respiratory diseases, such as asthma.

scholarly journals Oral direct-acting antivirals and the incidence or recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 262-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonal Singh ◽  
Amit Nautiyal ◽  
Yoon K Loke
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Direct Acting Antivirals ◽  
Direct Acting Antiviral ◽  
Direct Acting

BackgroundThe influence of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is conflicting.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the incidence or recurrence of HCC associated with oral DAA therapy. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase from inception to August 2017 to identify observational studies reporting on HCC among patients treated with DAAs. Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. Data were pooled by random-effects model. The primary outcome was the proportion of participants with incidence or recurrence of HCC (PROSPERO number CRD42017057040).ResultsAfter reviewing 2080 citations, we included 8 controlled studies and 36 uncontrolled studies. The pooled proportion for incident HCC was 1.5 % (95% CI 1.0% to 2.1%; I2=90.1%; n= 542/39 145) from 18 uncontrolled studies and 3.3% (95% CI 1.2% to 9%; I2 =96%; n=109/6909) from 5 controlled studies, respectively. The pooled proportion for recurrent HCC was 16.7% (95% CI 10.2% to 26%; I2=84.8%; n=136/867) from 12 uncontrolled studies and 20.1% (95% CI 5.5% to 52.1%; I2=87.5%; n=36/225) from 3 controlled studies, respectively. There was no statistically significant effect on the risk of recurrent HCC (OR 0.50, 95%CI 0.16 to 1.59; I2 =73.4%) in a meta-analysis of three studies.ConclusionsOur findings show low proportion of incident HCC, but high proportion of recurrent HCC on treatment with DAAs. Continued active surveillance for HCC after treatment with DAAs remains prudent.

Association Between Neck Circumference and Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (08) ◽  
pp. 495-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajjad Moradi ◽  
Hamed Mohammadi ◽  
Aftab Javaheri ◽  
Abed Ghavami ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Rouhani
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Neck Circumference ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Western Population

AbstractNeck circumference (NC) has been suggested as a predictor for blood pressure disorders. Therefore, we sought to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis regarding the association between NC and blood pressure in adults. Pertinent studies were identified by searching PubMed and Scopus databases, up to March 2018. Studies which reported the correlation coefficient between NC, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were selected. Also, studies reported the odds ratio (OR) of hypertension or pre-hypertension included adults older than 18 years old were selected. Results were pooled using a random-effects model. Of 29 studies included in meta-analysis, 26 studies reported only correlation coefficient, 3 studies reported only odds ratio and 2 studies reported both correlation coefficient and odds ratio. Overall, NC was significantly correlated with SBP [ES (z)=0.20; 95% CI=0.18, 0.23] and DBP [ES (z)=0.20; 95% CI=0.16, 0.24]. Type of correlation coefficient was the sources of observed heterogeneity. Also, NC was directly associated with the risk of hypertension (OR=1.29; 95% CI: 1.06–1.56), but not pre-hypertension (OR=1.18; 95% CI: 0.92, 1.52). Furthermore, subgroup analysis based on the region indicated that the studies conducted in Western regions reported higher risk of HTN in association with NC (OR=1.27; 95% CI: 1.23–1.32), but not among those conducted in the Eastern regions (OR=1.11; 95% CI: 0.96–1.28). NC seems to be a new anthropometric measurement, which is probably a good predictor of elevated blood pressure, especially in the Western population.

The association between dietary inflammatory index and risk of central obesity in adults: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 535-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi ◽  
Mahdi Vajdi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Weighted Mean Difference ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Obesity Indices

Abstract. Backgrounds: Central obesity, as a pivotal component of metabolic syndrome is associated with numerous co-morbidities. Dietary factors influence central obesity by increased inflammatory status. However, recent studies didn’t evaluate the association between central obesity and dietary inflammation index (DII®) that give score to dietary factors according to their inflammatory potential. In the current systematic review and meta-analysis, we summarized the studies that investigated the association between DII® with central obesity indices in the general populations. Methods: In a systematic search from PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Sciences and Cochrane electronic databases, we collected relevant studies written in English and published until 30 October 2019. The population of included studies were apparently healthy subjects or individuals with obesity or obesity-related diseases. Observational studies that evaluated the association between DII® and indices of central obesity including WC or WHR were included. Results: Totally thirty-two studies were included; thirty studies were cross-sectional and two were cohort studies with 103071 participants. Meta-analysis of observational studies showed that higher DII® scores were associated with 1.81 cm increase in WC (Pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) = 1.813; CI: 0.785–2.841; p = 0.001). Also, a non-significant increase in the odds of having higher WC (OR = 1.162; CI: 0.95–1.43; p = 0.154) in the highest DII category was also observed. In subgroup analysis, the continent, dietary assessment tool and gender were the heterogeneity sources. Conclusion: The findings proposed that adherence to diets with high DII® scores was associated with increased WC. Further studies with interventional designs are necessary to elucidate the causality inference between DII® and central obesity indices.

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