scholarly journals Chasing rainbows: How many educational qualifications do young people need to acquire meaningful, ongoing work?

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 670-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Chesters ◽  
Johanna Wyn
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Gig Economy ◽  
Ongoing Work ◽  
The Relationship

The increasingly complex relationship between educational qualifications and employment is an integral, yet little-explored dimension of the labour market developments that have come to be referred to as the ‘gig economy’. This article explores the changing meaning and relevance of education through an analysis of young people’s employment outcomes in terms of employment status, having a job in their field of study and job satisfaction. It shows that while higher levels of education do provide some protection from unemployment, the relationship is murky. A relatively large proportion of highly educated young adults are experiencing underemployment and precarious work. Young women are less engaged in the labour market. Furthermore, those with secure jobs do not necessarily find them meaningful and those with meaningful jobs are not necessarily in secure employment. For many young people, using their educational qualifications to find security in work is a bit like ‘chasing rainbows’.

scholarly journals Gendered transitions from education to work: The mysterious relationship between the fields of education and work

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 492-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Wyn ◽  
Hernán Cuervo ◽  
Jessica Crofts ◽  
Dan Woodman
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Time Structure ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Key Dimensions ◽  
Relational Framework ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Enduring Power

This article addresses the paradox that, despite achieving educational participation exceeding their male peers, young women see fewer returns for this investment in the labour market. We argue that this paradox is obscured by youth transitions frameworks that assume a close, linear relationship between education and work. We draw on Bourdieu’s concept of field to highlight the distinctive logics (particularly the ‘time economy’) that shape different engagements by young people in education and work. This approach reveals the enduring power of the time structure of paid work in Australia to dominate key dimensions of life, including caring work, placing many women in a situation where they feel they must ‘choose’ career or parenthood. Our analysis of the intersections and disjunctions of these different fields highlights the challenges for young women’s transitions from education to work, and highlights the need for a relational framework to critically analyse the relationship between these fields.

Making ends meet: Young people, work and the criminal economy

1989 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob White
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Young People ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Young Men ◽  
The Relationship

This paper attempts to locate changes in young people's involvement in crime, and the policing of young people, within the context of a changing political economy and the broken transitions experienced by a significant proportion of young men and young women. It begins by significant proportion of young men and young women. It begins by discussing how many young working class people have been excluded from the formal waged economy due to structural changes in the labour market. The paper then explores the relationship between the “cash crisis” affecting many unemployed school leavers, and their income and lifestyle options in the spheres of the informal waged economy, the informal unwaged economy, and the criminal economy

scholarly journals Are young people aged 16-19 using or expecting to use the gig economy for their careers?

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Esther Galfalvi ◽  
Tristram Hooley ◽  
Siobhan Neary
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Gig Economy ◽  
Career Option ◽  
Education College ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Retail Activity ◽  
The Relationship

Amid growing precarity and zero hour contracts, the 'gig economy' represents a new way of working mediated by web technology. Workers can sign up to a work platform – a website or smartphone program that manages the work automatically – and take on work at the tap of a button. Some platforms manage labour, such as driving for Uber or delivering food for Deliveroo, while others manage retail activity, such as Ebay or Etsy.<br/> Recent research has shown that a significant number of people are using platform work to earn money, with over half being young people aged 16-34. While there are some data regarding satisfaction levels and attractors, there is little research examining specific age segments of workers, or the relationship between platform work and career.<br/> Using data from focus group interviews with school and Further Education college students, this paper will discuss findings from research investigating how young people in England aged 16-19 perceive the gig economy and whether they feel that it will be relevant to their careers, with a view to discussing whether it may be necessary to include in careers education programmes or guidance.<br/> The interview data indicate that these participants were occasionally using platforms to make money, and a few were earning regularly, usually on retail platforms. While some interviewees appreciated the autonomy and flexibility promised by gig economy work, the uncertainty, perceived low status, and lack of career progression prevented them from taking it seriously as a career option. Instead, they preferred traditional forms of work that provide more stability and organisational support - an increasingly rare commodity in a labour market that is changing rapidly in the opposite direction. We conclude that while there may be little value in giving detailed individual guidance on the gig economy, it could be valuable to use it as a way of teaching young people about the labour market and different types of employment

scholarly journals Consistency or contradiction? Mobility-Related Attitudes and Travel Mode Use of the Young ‘New Generation’

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Konrad ◽  
Sören Groth
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Demographic Trends ◽  
Travel Mode ◽  
Current Discussion ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract In this paper, we examine the role of mobility-related attitudes in the travel mode use of young people, the extent to which young adults and teenagers behave consistently in relation to their attitudes, and the conditions on which the consistency of attitudes and behaviour depends. We thus continue the current discussion about the loss of importance of the car for young people in which various socio-demographic trends, but also changed attitudes, are used as explanatory factors, especially on a hypothetical level. Our contribution closes a research gap in that so far neither the relationship between attitudes and behaviour among young people has been empirically investigated nor has this relationship been empirically placed in a context of spatial, economic and socio-demographic conditions. We address this by means of differentiated correlation analyses and the calculation of correlation differences on the basis of a nationwide German survey of young people from 2013. This enables us to demonstrate that young people basically behave consistently in line with their attitudes. However, there are significant differences which confirm that certain spatial, economic and socio-demographic conditions are essential for the implementation of attitudes into corresponding travel mode use.

scholarly journals Sacked! An investigation of young workers' dismissal

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashlea Kellner ◽  
Paula McDonald ◽  
Jennifer Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Young People ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Employment Relationship ◽  
Young Workers ◽  
Employment Relationships ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Advocacy Organisation

AbstractLimited academic attention has been afforded to young workers relative to their adult counterparts. This study addresses a phase of the employment relationship for young people that is very infrequently examined – during or around the time when the relationship ends. It examines the relative frequency of different forms of dismissal and the circumstances preceding the dismissals via a content analysis of 1259 cases of employee enquiries to a community advocacy organisation in Australia. Results indicate that dismissal was most commonly associated with bullying, harassment, and taking personal leave. Young men, compared to young women, were disproportionately likely to report allegations of misconduct as preceding dismissal, while females experienced higher rates of sexual harassment and discrimination. The research highlights the types and circumstances of dismissal across a range of employment contexts and reveals the complexities of youth employment relationships which may differ from those of the general workforce.

2. Employment status

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roseanne Russell
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Gig Economy ◽  
Contract Of Employment ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Common ◽  
Additional Reading

The Q&A series offer the best preparation for tackling exam questions. Each book includes typical questions, bullet-pointed answer plans and suggested answers, author commentary and illustrative diagrams and flowcharts. This chapter presents sample exam questions about employment status. Through a mixture of problem questions and essays, students are guided through some of the key issues on the topic of employment status including definitions of employee and worker, the common law tests for determining whether a contract of employment exists, and discussion on the changing nature of the labour market including the gig economy. Students are also introduced to the current key debates in the area and provided with suggestions for additional reading for those who want to take things further.

scholarly journals E-Cigarettes are More Addictive than Traditional Cigarettes—A Study in Highly Educated Young People

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (13) ◽  
pp. 2279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jankowski ◽  
Krzystanek ◽  
Zejda ◽  
Majek ◽  
Lubanski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Traditional Tobacco ◽  
Addictive Potential

E-cigarettes are often considered less addictive than traditional cigarettes. This study aimed to assess patterns of e-cigarette use and to compare nicotine dependence among cigarette and e-cigarette users in a group of highly educated young adults. From 3002 healthy adults, a representative group of 30 cigarette smokers, 30 exclusive e-cigarette users, and 30 dual users were recruited. A 25-item questionnaire was used to collect information related to the patterns and attitudes towards the use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes. The Fagerström test for nicotine dependence (FTND) and its adapted version for e-cigarettes were used to analyze nicotine dependence in each of the groups. The nicotine dependence levels measured with FTND were over two times higher among e-cigarette users (mean 3.5) compared to traditional tobacco smokers (mean 1.6; p<0.001). Similarly, among dual users, nicotine dependence levels were higher when using an e-cigarette (mean 4.7) compared to using traditional cigarettes (mean 3.2; p=0.03). Habits and behaviors associated with the use of e-cigarettes did not differ significantly (p>0.05) between exclusive e-cigarette users and dual users. The findings suggest that e-cigarettes may have a higher addictive potential than smoked cigarettes among young adults.

Gender inequalities in the initial labour market experience of young Europeans

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Berloffa ◽  
Eleonora Matteazzi ◽  
Alina Şandor ◽  
Paola Villa
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Market Institutions ◽  
Labour Market Institutions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Youth Labour Market ◽  
Market Experience

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate gender differences in employment status trajectories of young Europeans during their initial labour market experience, and the way in which they are affected by some labour market institutions. Design/methodology/approach The empirical analysis is based on EU-SILC longitudinal data (waves 2006–2012), and focusses on young people aged 16–34. Monthly information on self-declared employment statuses for 36 months is used to define “employment status trajectories”. Young people are observed in two different phases: the first three years after leaving education (first phase) and a three-year window, starting around four years after the end of education (2nd phase). Multinomial logit models are used to estimate the probability of following different trajectory types as a function of individual characteristics, macroeconomic conditions and institutional indicators. Findings Results show that, in the first phase, women and men face on average the same difficulties in entering the labour market. When controlling for the presence of children, non-mothers have higher chances than men to enter rapidly and successfully into the labour market, whereas young mothers have the same chances. In contrast, in the second phase women experience more fragmented pathways than men, even if they do not have children. A less stringent regulation on dismissals of employees with regular contracts could enhance women’s employment opportunities in the school-to-work transition, but it would have detrimental effects for both men and women in the subsequent years. On the contrary, a more stringent regulation on the use of temporary contracts would have beneficial effects for women, with no adverse effects for men. Originality/value The paper contributes to the literature in several ways. First, it takes a broader perspective on youth labour market integration by considering two phases of individuals’ initial working life. Second, it combines an explicit attention to the first “significant” employment experience with a focus on individual trajectories, by adopting a new method to group trajectories. Third, it shows how the effects of labour market institutions vary by gender, highlighting the importance of considering gender-specific consequences when discussing or adopting labour market reforms.

Decoding youth DNA: The relationship between social engagement and news interest, news media use and news preferences of Dutch millennials

Journalism ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 699-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nico Drok ◽  
Liesbeth Hermans ◽  
Karijn Kats
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
News Media ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Civic Culture ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Oriented Approach ◽  
Western Democracies

There is a growing concern in Western democracies about the decline in young people’s use of news media. Some scholars see it as a result of a diminishing interest in social issues and even of a more general deterioration in civic culture. Others claim that young people still feel socially engaged but that they turn their back to mainstream news media because they are increasingly irrelevant to them. This study focuses on the question how Dutch millennials’ social engagement relates to their news interest, their news media use and their news preferences. It concludes that the relation between young people’s social engagement and their news interest is still strong. Furthermore, it shows that social engagement is clearly related to the use of most national news media, including the use of Facebook. However, social engagement is not so much related to the use of most local/regional news media. Finally, findings show that social engagement is positively related to a citizen-oriented approach of news but not to a consumer-oriented approach. Overall, the study provides insights that can broaden our understanding of the complex relationship between news interest, news media use and news preferences of young people and their engagement with society. Next to that, it can help professional journalism to get (re)connected with the up-growing generation.

scholarly journals CULTURA JUVENIL Y CULTURA ESCOLAR. APROXIMACIÓN A UNA RELACIÓN COMPLEJA: TENSIONES Y DESAFÍOS

2015 ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Alejandra Santana López
Keyword(s):  
School Culture ◽  
Young People ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Youth Culture ◽  
School Context ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Cultura Escolar ◽  
The Relationship

RESUMEN:El presente artículo está enfocado en analizar la relación entre cultura juvenil y cultura escolar desde el contexto escolar, para esto se desarrolla una revisión bibliográfica preliminar, que permite comprender las lógicas de ambas culturas. Para terminar identificando tensiones y desafíos que esta relación plantea especialmente para quienes se desempeñan profesionalmente en contextos escolares.Se finaliza con un conjunto de conclusiones, en que se pretende sugerir algunas estrategias de acción con los jóvenes – escolares.Palabras clave: cultura juvenil, cultura escolar, escuela, intervenciones socioeducativas.YOUTH CULTURE AND SCHOOL CULTURE. ANAPPROACH TO A COMPLEX RELATIONSHIP: TENSIONSAND CHALLENGESABSTRACT:This article focuses on analyzing the relationship between youth culture and school culture from the school context, for it develops a preliminary literature review, which allows us to understand the logic of both cultures. Finally identifying tensions and challenges this relationship poses especially for those working professionally in school settings.It concludes with a set of conclusions, which are intended to suggest some strategies for action with young people - school.Keywords: youth culture, school culture, school, social and educational interventions.

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