scholarly journals Working out availability, unavailability and awayness in social face-to-face encounters: The case of dementia

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasmussen Gitte ◽  
Kristiansen Elisabeth Dalby ◽  
Andersen Elisabeth Muth
Keyword(s):  
Social Engagement ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Gaze Behavior ◽  
Severe Dementia ◽  
Public Care ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Embodied Engagement ◽  
Engagement And Disengagement ◽  
Working Out

This article presents a study of how co-present individuals work out the nature of embodied engagement and disengagement displays by individuals with dementia in a Danish public care facility. Research has found that moderate to severe dementia may result, for example, in a lack of social engagement, apathy and problems in maintaining conversations. Research has, however, also found that co-present individuals indicate their right to unavailability for social interaction. This is accomplished through details of embodied and multimodal conduct such as gaze behavior, which includes practices of glancing and gazing at co-present individuals or practices of gazing into space. These practices may coincide with indications of ‘lack of social engagement’ and ‘apathy’. This study falls within the framework of ethnomethodology (EM) and employs multimodal conversation analytic (CA) methods to show how co-present individuals monitor residents’ displays of engagement and disengagement, primarily gaze behavior and how they respond to them. The study is based on 20 hours of video-recordings.

A pilot trial of tele-ophthalmology for diagnosis of chronic blurred vision

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hwai Tan Johnson Choon ◽  
Ting Poh Eugenie Wei ◽  
Srinivasan Sanjay ◽  
Han Tim Tock
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Blurred Vision ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Experience Questionnaire

We evaluated the accuracy of tele-ophthalmology in diagnosing the major causes of chronic blurring of vision. Thirty consecutive patients attending a primary eye-care facility in Singapore (the Ang Mo Kio Polyclinic, AMKP) with the symptom of chronic blurred vision were recruited. An ophthalmic technician was trained to perform Snellen acuity; auto-refraction; intraocular pressure measurement; red-colour perimetry; video recordings of extraocular movement, cover tests and pupillary reactions; and anterior segment and fundus photography. Digital information was transmitted to a tertiary hospital in Singapore (the Tan Tock Seng Hospital) via a tele-ophthalmology system for teleconsultation with an ophthalmologist. The diagnoses were compared with face-to-face consultation by another ophthalmologist at the AMKP. A user experience questionnaire was administered at the end of the consultation. Using face-to-face consultation as the gold standard, tele-ophthalmology achieved 100% sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing media opacity (n = 29), maculopathy (n = 23) and keratopathy (n = 30) of any type; and 100% sensitivity and 92% specificity in diagnosing optic neuropathy of any type (n = 24). The majority of the patients (97%) were satisfied with the tele-ophthalmology workflow and consultation. The tele-ophthalmology system was able to detect causes of chronic blurred vision accurately. It has the potential to deliver high-accuracy diagnostic eye support to remote areas if suitably trained ophthalmic technicians are available.

Group activity with Paro in nursing homes: systematic investigation of behaviors in participants

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1345-1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Jøranson ◽  
Ingeborg Pedersen ◽  
Anne Marie Mork Rokstad ◽  
Geir Aamodt ◽  
Christine Olsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Group Activity ◽  
Severe Dementia ◽  
Group Activities ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Moderate Dementia ◽  
Total Session Time ◽  
Severity Of Dementia

ABSTRACTBackground:A variety of group activities is promoted for nursing home (NH) residents with dementia with the aim to reduce apathy and to increase engagement and social interaction. Investigating behaviors related to these outcomes could produce insights into how the activities work. The aim of this study was to systematically investigate behaviors seen in people with dementia during group activity with the seal robot Paro, differences in behaviors related to severity of dementia, and to explore changes in behaviors.Methods:Thirty participants from five NHs formed groups of five to six participants at each NH. Group sessions with Paro lasted for 30 minutes twice a week during 12 weeks of intervention. Video recordings were conducted in the second and tenth week. An ethogram, containing 18 accurately defined and described behaviors, mapped the participants’ behaviors. Duration of behaviors, such as “Observing Paro,” “Conversation with Paro on the lap,” “Smile/laughter toward other participants,” were converted to percentage of total session time and analyzed statistically.Results:“Observing Paro” was observed more often in participants with mild to moderate dementia (p = 0.019), while the variable “Observing other things” occurred more in the group of severe dementia (p = 0.042). “Smile/laughter toward other participants” showed an increase (p = 0.011), and “Conversations with Paro on the lap” showed a decrease (p = 0.014) during the intervention period.Conclusions:Participants with severe dementia seemed to have difficulty in maintaining attention toward Paro during the group session. In the group as a whole, Paro seemed to be a mediator for increased social interactions and created engagement.

scholarly journals Use of machine learning to identify autism with natural social gaze behavior (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong Zhao ◽  
Haiming Tang ◽  
Xiaobin Zhang ◽  
Xingda Qu ◽  
Jianping Lu
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Gaze Behavior ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Social Gaze

BACKGROUND Abnormal gaze behavior is a prominent feature of the autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Previous eye tracking studies had participants watch images (i.e., picture, video and webpage), and the application of machine learning (ML) on these data showed promising results in identify ASD individuals. Given the fact that gaze behavior differs in face-to-face interaction from image viewing tasks, no study has investigated whether natural social gaze behavior could accurately identify ASD. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine whether and what area of interest (AOI)-based features extracted from the natural social gaze behavior could identify ASD. METHODS Both children with ASD and typical development (TD) were eye-tracked when they were engaged in a face-to-face conversation with an interviewer. Four ML classifiers (support vector machine, SVM; linear discriminant analysis, LDA; decision tree, DT; and random forest, RF) were used to determine the maximum classification accuracy and the corresponding features. RESULTS A maximum classification accuracy of 84.62% were achieved with three classifiers (LDA, DT and RF). Results showed that the mouth, but not the eyes AOI, was a powerful feature in detecting ASD. CONCLUSIONS Natural gaze behavior could be leveraged to identify ASD, suggesting that ASD might be objectively screened with eye tracking technology in everyday social interaction. In addition, the comparison between our and previous findings suggests that eye tracking features that could identify ASD might be culture dependent and context sensitive.

Smartphone-based DIY home microsurgical training with 3D printed microvascular clamps and Japanese noodles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Yang Ng ◽  
Calum Honeyman ◽  
Alexandre G Lellouch ◽  
Ankur Pandya ◽  
Theodora Papavasiliou
Keyword(s):  
Back Wall ◽  
Internal Validation ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries ◽  
Konjac Flour ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Set Up

We have recently incorporated simple modifications of the konjac flour noodle model to enable DIY home microsurgical training by (i) placing a smartphone on a mug to act as a microscope with at least 3.5-5x magnification, and (ii) rather than cannulating with a 22G needle as described by others, we have found that cannulation with a 23G needle followed by a second pass with an 18G needle will create a lumen (approx. 0.83 mm) without an overly thick and unrealistic “vessel” wall. The current set-up however, did not allow realistic evaluation of anastomotic patency as the noodles became macerated after application of standard microvascular clamps, which also did not facilitate practice of back-wall anastomoses. In order to simulate the actual operative environment as much as possible, we introduced the use of 3D printed microvascular clamps. These were modified from its previous iteration (suitable for use in silastic and chicken thigh vessels) and video recordings were submitted for internal validation by senior surgeons. A “wet” operative field where the knojac noodle lumen can be distended or collapsed, unlike other non-living models, was noted by senior surgeons. With the 3D clamps, the noodle could now be flipped over for back-wall anastomosis and allowed patency testing upon completion as it did not become macerated, unlike that from clinical microvascular clamps. The perceived advantages of this model are numerous. Not only does it comply with the 3Rs of simulation-based training, it can also reduce the associated costs of training by up to a hundred-fold or more when compared to a traditional rat course, and potentially, be extended to low-middle income countries (LMICs) without routine access to microsurgical training for capacity development. That it can be utilised remotely also bodes well with the current limitations on face to-face training due to COVID restrictions and lockdowns.

Bridging Online and Offline Social Networks to Promote Health Innovation

2011 ◽  
pp. 462-480
Author(s):  
Cameron Norman
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Knowledge Translation ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Idea Generation ◽  
Building Relationships ◽  
Health Innovation ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Over Time

Complex problems require strategies that leverage the knowledge of diverse actors working in a coordinated manner in order to address them in a manner that is appropriate to the context. Such strategies require building relationships among groups that enable them to network in ways that have the intensity of face-to-face meetings, but also extend over time. The Complexity, Networks, EHealth, & Knowledge Translation Research (CoNEKTR) model draws upon established methods of face-to-face social engagement and supported with information technology and proscribes an approach to issue exploration, idea generation and collective action that leverages social networks for health innovation. The model combines aspects of communities of practice, online communities, systems and complexity science, and theories of knowledge translation, exchange and integration. The process and steps of implementing the model are described using a case study applied to food systems and health. Implications for health research and knowledge translation are discussed.

scholarly journals A New Social Network Scale for Detecting Depressive Symptoms in Older Japanese Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 8874
Author(s):  
Seongryu Bae ◽  
Kenji Harada ◽  
Ippei Chiba ◽  
Keitaro Makino ◽  
Osamu Katayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Japanese Adults ◽  
Network Scale

Social engagement and networking deter depression among older adults. During the COVID-19 pandemic, older adults are especially at risk of isolation from face-to-face and non-face-to-face interactions. We developed the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Social Network Scale (NCGG-SNS) to assess frequency of, and satisfaction with, social interactions. The NCGG-SNS consists of four domains: face-to-face/non-face-to-face interactions with family/friends. Each domain score is obtained by multiplying frequency ratings by satisfaction ratings for each item; all scores were summed to obtain a total NCGG-SNS score (range: 0–64). Additionally, face-to-face and non-face-to-face subscores were calculated. Higher scores indicated satisfactory social networking. A cohort of 2445 older Japanese adults completed the NCGG-SNS and the Geriatrics Depression Scale-Short form. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis and logistic regression determined predictive validity for depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms were reported by 284 participants (11.6%). The optimal NCGG-SNS cut-off value to identify depressive symptoms was 26.5 points. In logistic regression analysis adjusted for potential confounders, lower NCGG-SNS values were significantly associated with greater prevalence of depressive symptoms. Face-to-face and non-face-to-face subscores were associated with depressive symptoms. The NCGG-SNS is a valid and useful indicator of multidimensional social networking enabling identification of depressive symptoms in older adults.

Effects of multisensory and motor stimulation on the behavior of people with dementia

Dementia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovana Sposito ◽  
Ana Barbosa ◽  
Daniela Figueiredo ◽  
Mônica Sanches Yassuda ◽  
Alda Marques
Keyword(s):  
Aged Care ◽  
Direct Care ◽  
Direct Care Workers ◽  
Severe Dementia ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Aged Care Facilities ◽  
Quasi Experimental

A quasi-experimental study using a pre–posttest design was conducted in four aged care facilities to assess the effects of a person-centred care (PCC) multisensory stimulation (MSS) and motor stimulation (MS) program, implemented by direct care workers, on the behaviors of residents with dementia. Data were collected at baseline and after the intervention through video recordings of morning care routines. Forty-five residents with moderate and severe dementia participated in the study. A total of 266 morning care routines were recorded. The frequency and duration of a list of behaviors were analyzed. The frequency of engagement in task decreased significantly ( p = .002) however, its duration increased ( p = .039). The duration of gaze directed at direct care workers improved significantly ( p = .014) and the frequency of closed eyes decreased ( p = .046). There was a significant decrease in the frequency of the expression of sadness. These results support the implementation of PCC–MSS and MS programs as they may stimulate residents’ behaviors.

scholarly journals Presence redefined: The reciprocal nature of engagement between elder-clowns and persons with dementia

Dementia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pia Kontos ◽  
Karen-Lee Miller ◽  
Gail Joyce Mitchell ◽  
Jan Stirling-Twist
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Dementia Care ◽  
Care Staff ◽  
Severe Dementia ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Recent Innovation ◽  
Care Relationships ◽  
Embodied Engagement

Elder-clowns are a recent innovation in arts-based approaches to person-centred dementia care. They use improvisation, humour, and empathy, as well as song, dance, and music. We examined elder-clown practice and techniques through a 12-week programme with 23 long-term care residents with moderate to severe dementia in Ontario, Canada. Analysis was based on qualitative interviews and ethnographic observations of video-recorded clown-resident interactions and practice reflections. Findings highlight the reciprocal nature of clown-resident engagement and the capacity of residents to initiate as well as respond to verbal and embodied engagement. Termed relational presence, this was achieved and experienced through affective relationality, reciprocal playfulness, and coconstructed imagination. These results highlight the often overlooked capacity of individuals living with dementia to be deliberately funny, playful, and imaginative. Relational presence offers an important perspective with which to rethink care relationships between individuals living with dementia and long-term care staff.

scholarly journals Combining Recurrence Analysis and Automatic Movement Extraction from Video Recordings to Study Behavioral Coupling in Face-to-Face Parent-Child Interactions

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
David López Pérez ◽  
Giuseppe Leonardi ◽  
Alicja Niedźwiecka ◽  
Alicja Radkowska ◽  
Joanna Rączaszek-Leonardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recurrence Analysis ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Parent Child Interactions ◽  
Parent Child

scholarly journals PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN PIANIKA PADA PEMBELAJARAN SENI BUDAYA MENGGUNAKAN WHATSAPP GRUP DI KELAS VII-1 SMP NEGERI 40 PADANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Axlvaridzi Chandra Dyta ◽  
Jagar Lumbantoruan
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Face To Face Learning ◽  
Instruction Theory ◽  
And Training ◽  
Learning And Instruction

AbstractThis study aims to reveal how melodicalearning using online system in grade VII of SMP Negeri 40 Padang is conducted. It includes planning, implementation, and evaluation in the COVID-19 pandemic situation. The theory used in this study is learning and instruction theory. This research belongs to a qualitative research with descriptive analytic approach. The data were collected through observation, interviews, and literature study. The data analysis was conductedthrough identification, classification, clarification, analysis, explanation, and conclusion. The results show that learning process of Culture and Arts subject at SMP Negeri 40 Padang is conductedfrom home through online learning. Due to learning situation and condition, the teacher designs instructionwhich is is relatively different from face-to-face learning in classrooms.The planning step done by the teacher is preparing learning materials and sending them to students via WA. The materials consist of messages, subject matter, learning activities, and obligations students have to fulfill.The learning implementation conducted by the teacher is controlling student learning by askingthem to send a video recording of blowing, fingering, and training for the BungoParawitan song.Almost all students send video recordings on time. Some of them do not send the videos on time, and these are evaluation and barriers ofonline learning of melodica.  The results of grade VIIstudents’ learning outcomes at SMP Negeri 40 Padang are good. The obstacles faced by the teacher in its implementation are related to preparation, presentation, practice, and the performanceof learning outcomeswhich are very inadequate.Keywords: implementation, Pianica Learning, art culture, Whatsapp Group

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