scholarly journals Risky business, risk assessment, and other heteronormative misnomers in women’s community corrections and reentry planning

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin M Kerrison
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Community Corrections ◽  
Correctional Staff ◽  
Business Risk ◽  
Heterosexual Relationships ◽  
Halfway House ◽  
Corrections Officers ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Risky Business ◽  
The U.S

This article uses ethnographic and interview data to explore how halfway house and community corrections staff in a women’s halfway house in the northeastern region of the U.S. police women’s sexuality and the ensuing complications of being queer and under supervision. In this setting, women are required to create a Reentry Home Plan that is approved by Community Corrections Officers, putting into tension some women’s newly emerging queer identity and/or nonnormative relationship schema that they see as “healthier” and more stable than heterosexual relationships, with Probation or Parole Officers’ heteronormative ideals that disapprove nontraditional home plans. This study shows how these women negotiate a marginalized sexual identity and resist biased forms of heteronormative surveillance that extend beyond the legislative parameters of community corrections supervision. It also illustrates the tensions between correctional staff, who view residents’ nonnormative relationships as potential sources of risk, and the supervised women, as they develop community release plans.

Identifying the Characteristics of Chronic Drunk Drivers Using a Criminological Lens

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 1570-1596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew DeMichele ◽  
Brian Payne ◽  
Nathan Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Community Corrections ◽  
Risk Assessment Tool ◽  
Large Share ◽  
Corrections Officers ◽  
Driving While Intoxicated ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
General Recidivism

The supervision of driving while intoxicated/impaired (DWI) offenders composes a large share of probation officer’s caseloads. Crime and justice researchers have made tremendous advances in the ability to classify offenders according to general recidivism, with the Level of Service Inventory–Revised (LSI-R) being one of the most tested instruments used by community corrections officers. There has yet to emerge a risk assessment tool designed to classify DWI offenders according to their likelihood to be arrested for multiple DWIs. This article estimates a series of multinomial logistic regression models to identify differences between one-time DWI offenders and chronic DWI offenders. The central independent variables are the items on the LSI-R and a popular alcohol and substance abuse screener (Adult Substance Use Survey [ASUS]), while controlling for age, race, gender, and marital status. These instruments are important tools to classify DWI offenders, and the results suggest that the community corrections field (including the offenders supervised) would benefit from a risk assessment tool to classify DWI offenders.

Optimizing Screening and Risk Assessment for Suicide Risk in the U.S. Military

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Joiner ◽  
Ingrid C. Lim ◽  
Ted Bender
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
The U.S

The Halo Effect in Business Risk Audits: Can Strategic Risk Assessment Bias Auditor Judgment about Accounting Details?

2005 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 921-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ed O'Donnell ◽  
Joseph J. Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Halo Effect ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Business Risk ◽  
Auditor Judgment ◽  
Strategic Risk ◽  
Strategic Assessment ◽  
Assessment Bias

Many auditors use an audit methodology that requires a strategic risk assessment of their client's business model as a first step for assessing audit risks. This study examines whether the holistic perspective that auditors acquire in making a strategic risk assessment influences the extent to which they adjust account-level risk assessments when they encounter changes in accounts that are inconsistent with information about client operations. Based on halo theory from the performance evaluation literature, we hypothesize that auditors who (1) perform (do not perform) strategic assessment, and (2) develop favorable (unfavorable) strategic risk assessments, are less (more) likely to adjust account-level risk assessments for inconsistent fluctuations. Data from two laboratory experiments using experienced auditors support both hypotheses. Findings suggest that the halo effect generated during strategic assessment influences judgment by altering auditor tolerance for inconsistent fluctuations.

An Examination of Changes in LSI-R Scores Over Time: Making the Case for Needs-Based Case Management

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 541-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda D. Schlager ◽  
Daniel Pacheco
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Case Management ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Community Corrections ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Change Scores ◽  
Risk Assessment Instrument ◽  
Over Time

The Level of Service Inventory—Revised (LSI-R) is an actuarially derived risk assessment instrument with a demonstrated reputation and record of supportive research. It has shown predictive validity on several offender populations. Although a significant literature has emerged on the validity and use of the LSI-R, no research has specifically examined change scores or the dynamics of reassessment and its importance with respect to case management. Flores, Lowenkamp, Holsinger, and Latessa and Lowenkamp and Bechtel, among others, specifically identify the importance and need to examine LSI-R reassessment scores. The present study uses a sample of parolees ( N = 179) from various community corrections programs that were administered the LSI-R at two different times. Results indicate that both mean composite and subcomponent LSI-R scores statistically significantly decreased between Time 1 and Time 2. The practical, theoretical, and policy implications of these results are discussed.

Public Health Consequences of Macrolide Use in Food Animals: A Deterministic Risk Assessment†

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 980-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. SCOTT HURD ◽  
STEPHANIE DOORES ◽  
DERMOT HAYES ◽  
ALAN MATHEW ◽  
JOHN MAURER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Veterinary Drug ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Guidance Document ◽  
Qualitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Food Animals ◽  
The U.S

The potential impact on human health from antibiotic-resistant bacteria selected by use of antibiotics in food animals has resulted in many reports and recommended actions. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration Center for Veterinary Medicine has issued Guidance Document 152, which advises veterinary drug sponsors of one potential process for conducting a qualitative risk assessment of drug use in food animals. Using this guideline, we developed a deterministic model to assess the risk from two macrolide antibiotics, tylosin and tilmicosin. The scope of modeling included all label claim uses of both macrolides in poultry, swine, and beef cattle. The Guidance Document was followed to define the hazard, which is illness (i) caused by foodborne bacteria with a resistance determinant, (ii) attributed to a specified animal-derived meat commodity, and (iii) treated with a human use drug of the same class. Risk was defined as the probability of this hazard combined with the consequence of treatment failure due to resistant Campylobacter spp. or Enterococcus faecium. A binomial event model was applied to estimate the annual risk for the U.S. general population. Parameters were derived from industry drug use surveys, scientific literature, medical guidelines, and government documents. This unique farm-to-patient risk assessment demonstrated that use of tylosin and tilmicosin in food animals presents a very low risk of human treatment failure, with an approximate annual probability of less than 1 in 10 million Campylobacter-derived and approximately 1 in 3 billion E. faecium–derived risk.

Supervision Strategies and Their Correlates: An Empirical Study of Chinese Community Correctional Staff

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 1100-1123
Author(s):  
Shanhe Jiang ◽  
Eric G. Lambert ◽  
Dawei Zhang ◽  
Xiaohong Jin
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Community Corrections ◽  
Correctional Staff ◽  
Chinese Community ◽  
Offender Supervision ◽  
The Law ◽  
Supervision Strategies ◽  
Crime Opportunity

While there are different approaches to dealing with offenders sentenced to community corrections, the three major ones are law enforcement (surveillance), therapeutic (rehabilitation), and crime opportunity prevention. Using the study of U.S. community corrections staff by Miller as a guide, the current study examined the supervision strategy used by Chinese community corrections staff in the Hubei province of China. Chinese community corrections staff were more likely to use the therapeutic and crime opportunity prevention approaches than the law enforcement model. Predictors of each of the three offender supervision approaches differed. The results from Chinese staff were similar in many ways to that found among U.S. staff reported by Miller but differed in some areas.

scholarly journals Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Human Milk and Serum from the U.S. EPA MAMA Study: Modeled Predictions of Infant Exposure and Considerations for Risk Assessment

2017 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 706-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satori A. Marchitti ◽  
Suzanne E. Fenton ◽  
Pauline Mendola ◽  
John F. Kenneke ◽  
Erin P. Hines
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Infant Exposure ◽  
Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
The U.S
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