An analytical study of tribological parameters between piston ring and cylinder liner in internal combustion engines

2016 ◽  
Vol 230 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Kamal Ahmed Ali ◽  
Hou Xianjun ◽  
Richard Fiifi Turkson ◽  
Muhammad Ezzat
Keyword(s):  
Film Thickness ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Piston Ring ◽  
Cylinder Liner ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Oil Film ◽  
Ring Assembly ◽  
Ring Dynamics ◽  
Tribological Parameters

This paper presents a model to study the effect of piston ring dynamics on basic tribological parameters that affect the performance of internal combustion engines by using dynamics analysis software (AVL Excite Designer). The paramount tribological parameters include friction force, frictional power losses, and oil film thickness of piston ring assembly. The piston and rings assembly is one of the highest mechanically loaded components in engines. Relevant literature reports that the piston ring assembly accounts for 40% to 50% of the frictional losses, making it imperative for the piston ring dynamics to be understood thoroughly. This analytical study of the piston ring dynamics describes the significant correlation between the tribological parameters of piston and rings assembly and the performance of engines. The model was able to predict the effects of engine speed and oil viscosity on asperity and hydrodynamic friction forces, power losses, oil film thickness and lube oil consumption. This model of mixed film lubrication of piston rings is based on the hydrodynamic action described by Reynolds equation and dry contact action as described by the Greenwood–Tripp rough surface asperity contact model. The results in the current analysis demonstrated that engine speed and oil viscosity had a remarkable effect on oil film thickness and hydrodynamic friction between the rings and cylinder liner. Hence, the mixed lubrication model, which unifies the lubricant flow under different ring–liner gaps, is needed via the balance between the hydrodynamic and boundary lubrication modes to obtain minimum friction between rings and liner and to ultimately help in improving the performance of engines.

An Analysis of Ring Temperature, Oil Film Temperature and Oil Film Thickness on a Piston Ring of an IC Engine in Consideration of Ring Movement: Effect of Ring Sliding Face Profile

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Ishijima ◽  
Akiko Shimada ◽  
Shinichiro Kodaira ◽  
Hiroshi Sakamoto ◽  
Yasuo Harigaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Film Thickness ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Piston Ring ◽  
Characteristic Temperature ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Ring Groove ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Lower Face ◽  
Oil Film ◽  
Movement Effect

For the clarification of the lubrication and thermal problems between ring and liner of internal combustion engines, an unsteady thermohydrodynamic lubrication model considering the ring temperature and the ring movement in the piston ring groove was developed. Then using the method of thermohydrodynamic lubrication, the effect of the profile of top ring sliding face on the oil film thickness and friction losses was analyzed. The ring is width of 3mm and thickness of 4.5mm. Profiles in sliding face of the ring used are two types. Ring 1 has a flat in the middle and a roundness in the corner, and Ring 2 has a barrel face. The ring temperature on the sliding surface shows the characteristic temperature distribution, and the temperature difference between ring lower face and middle of ring has about 19 °C. The oil film thickness changed in a cycle increases with increase of barrel height. The friction mean effective pressure FMEP decreases with the increase of barrel height both Ring 1 and Ring 2. FMEP of Ring 2 is more effective than that of Ring 1.

Design of Capacitance Probes for Oil Film Thickness Measurements Between the Piston Ring and Linear in Internal Combustion Engines

2000 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. O. Ducu ◽  
R. J. Donahue ◽  
J. B. Ghandhi
Keyword(s):  
Film Thickness ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Piston Ring ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Cylinder Liner ◽  
Probe Design ◽  
Oil Film ◽  
Field Curvature ◽  
Allowable Error ◽  
Thickness Measurements

Measurement of the capacitance formed between the piston ring and a probe mounted in the cylinder liner provides an accurate means of determining the oil film thickness provided that the region between the ring and probe is flooded with oil and the dielectric constant of the oil is known. All aspects of the design, construction, installation of capacitance probes, and analysis of the resulting measurements are reviewed in this paper. Biases introduced due to the fringing of the electric field, curvature of the ring face profile, roughness of the ring profile, and the tilt angle of the ring face are analyzed, and correction algorithms are proposed. Errors associated with the proposed algorithms are gauged through comparisons to finite difference solutions. Shielding the sensing electrode is found to eliminate fringing effects and also stray capacitance which can affect the signal. A rectangular probe design with a high aspect ratio is suggested as an optimum. The small axis of the probe provides high spatial resolution, while the longer length, which is in the circumferential direction, provides a sufficient surface area to ensure sufficient signal strength. A design procedure which allows for the sizing of probe dimensions for a given level of allowable error and capacitance measuring circuitry is developed.

Experimental Investigation of Oil Accumulation in Second Land of Internal Combustion Engines

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 206-212
Author(s):  
T. Icoz ◽  
Z. Dursunkaya
Keyword(s):  
Film Thickness ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Oil Accumulation ◽  
Oil Film ◽  
Piston Cylinder ◽  
Total Oil

Blowback of engine oil suspended in combustion gases, when the gas flows from the piston second land back into the combustion chamber, is believed to contribute to oil consumption and hydrocarbon emissions in internal combustion engines. Oil accumulation in the region between top and second compression rings is a factor that influences this phenomenon. The effects of individual parameters, such as oil film thickness and viscosity, however, have still not been understood. The present study was aimed at constructing an experimental setup to study the effect of oil film thickness on oil accumulation in the second land of internal combustion engines. Due to the inherent difficulties of experimentation on production engines, a modeled piston-cylinder assembly was constructed. Total oil accumulation in the modeled second land after a single piston stroke was measured and compared to oil consumption in operating engines.

Numerical Simulation on the Lubrication Performance of Surface Textured Piston Rings

2011 ◽  
Vol 199-200 ◽  
pp. 734-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiu Ying Chang ◽  
Xian Liang Zheng ◽  
Qing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Friction Force ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Piston Ring ◽  
Hydrodynamic Lubrication ◽  
Cylinder Liner ◽  
Area Density ◽  
Oil Film ◽  
Lubrication Performance

Surface texturing has been successfully employed in some tribological applications in order to diminish friction and wear. This technology may be used in a piston ring to decrease the friction and wear of the contact between a piston ring and cylinder liner. A numerical simulation of lubrication between a surface textured piston ring and cylinder liner based on the hydrodynamic lubrication theory was conducted. The influence of surface texture parameters on piston ring lubrication performance was obtained by solving the mathematical equations with a multi-grid method. The results show that under the micro-dimple area density of 5%-40% the minimum oil film thickness increases and the dimensionless friction force decreases with the increasing of it. Under the dimple area density of 40%-60%, the minimum oil film thickness and the dimensionless friction force change slightly. Under various dimple area densities the optimum dimple depth at the given working condition in this paper is about 5µm.

Modeling the Lubrication, Dynamics, and Effects of Piston Dynamic Tilt of Twin-Land Oil Control Rings in Internal Combustion Engines

1999 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Tian ◽  
V. W. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Film Thickness ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Asperity Contact ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Ring Groove ◽  
Oil Film ◽  
Oil Transport ◽  
Axial Forces

A theoretical model was developed to study the lubrication, friction, dynamics, and oil transport of twin-land oil control rings (TLOCR) in internal combustion engines. A mixed lubrication model with consideration of shear-thinning effects of multigrade oils was used to describe the lubrication between the running surfaces of the two lands and the liner. Oil squeezing and asperity contact were both considered for the interaction between the flanks of the TLOCR and the ring groove. Then, the moments and axial forces from TLOCR/liner lubrication and TLOCR/groove interaction were coupled into the dynamic equations of the TLOCR. Furthermore, effects of piston dynamic tilt were considered in a quasi three-dimensional manner so that the behaviors of the TLOCR at different circumferential locations could be studied. As a first step, variation of the third land pressure was neglected. The model predictions were illustrated via an SI engine. One important finding is that around thrust and anti-thrust sides, the difference between the minimum oil film thickness of two lands can be as high as several micrometers due to piston dynamic tilt. As a result, at thrust and anti-thrust sides, significant oil can pass under one land of the TLOCR along the bore, although the other land perfectly seals the bore. Then, the capabilities of the model were further explained by studying the effects of ring tension and torsional resistance on the lubrication and oil transport between the lands and the liner. The effects of oil film thickness on the flanks of the ring groove on the dynamics of the TLOCR were also studied. Friction results show that boundary lubrication contributes significantly to the total friction of the TLOCR. [S0742-4795(00)01801-9]

First Paper: Measurement of the Oil-Film Thickness between the Piston Rings and Liner of a Small Diesel Engine

1974 ◽  
Vol 188 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Hamilton ◽  
S. L. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Piston Ring ◽  
Cylinder Liner ◽  
Piston Rings ◽  
Oil Film

A capacity gauge has been designed for operating in the conditions of a working engine. The method of using it for determining the oil-film thickness and piston-ring profile is described. Oil-film thicknesses in the range 0·4-2·5 μm between the piston rings and the cylinder liner have been observed. Their variation with speed, load and temperature has been measured and it is concluded that their behaviour is essentially hydrodynamic.

Piston ring–cylinder liner lubrication analysis in a CO2 refrigeration reciprocating compressor

2011 ◽  
Vol 225 (11) ◽  
pp. 2638-2648 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Yang ◽  
Y Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Film Thickness ◽  
Friction Force ◽  
Piston Ring ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Cylinder Liner ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Maximum Magnitude ◽  
Reciprocating Compressor ◽  
Oil Film ◽  
Effect Of Surface

A simulation model is developed for the piston ring–cylinder liner lubrication problem in a CO2 refrigeration reciprocating compressor. Patir and Cheng’s modified Reynolds equation including pressure flow factors, shear flow factors, and shear stress factors is used to consider the effect of surface roughness on lubrication. The piston ring is assumed to be fully flooded at the leading edge, and both the cavitation case and fully flooded case are considered at the trailing edge. Modified Reynolds boundary condition is employed. The simulation results show that, the minimum oil film thickness has a maximum magnitude in the middle stroke region for downward stroke and upward stroke. In the vicinity of the dead centres, the magnitude of the friction force is much higher than that in the middle stroke region. The oil film pressure distribution along the piston ring thickness at different specified crank angles is indicated. The effects of ring thickness, crown height on minimum oil film thickness, and friction force are also investigated.

scholarly journals Development of a Model Test System for a Piston Ring/Cylinder Liner-Contact with Focus on Near-to-Application Seizure Behaviour

Lubricants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Michael Pusterhofer ◽  
Florian Summer ◽  
Daniel Wuketich ◽  
Florian Grün
Keyword(s):  
Model Test ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Piston Ring ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Cylinder Liner ◽  
Test System ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Antiwear Additives ◽  
Oil Viscosity

Physical simulations of tribo contacts in internal combustion engines can act as a supporting tool to match upcoming guidelines and emission restrictions. In particular, the scuffing resistance of the contact between the piston ring and cylinder liner suffers under decreasing oil viscosity and limitation of antiwear additives. This paper aims to provide an experimental method to simulate the scuffing of the piston ring/cylinder liner-contact and to validate this method with real engine parts and the literature from engine tests. The experimental methodology uses a linear tribometer TE77 to test specimens from original piston rings and liners under reciprocating motion. Additionally, the ring specimen is given the opportunity to perform secondary movements (ring twisting, ring turning) and to run under deficient lubrication conditions similar to the engine. A specially designed test strategy enables the reproducible creation of seizure of the tribosystem. The seizure resistance of two engine oils, tested for validation, correlates with the known engine performance. Therefore, the model test system can be seen as a reproducible tool for simulating seizure of a ring/liner-system, showing similar trends and wear mechanisms as in an engine. Surface analysis depicts similarities between the scuffed surfaces of an engine and the model and discusses the origin of seizure based on the model specimens together with the relevant literature.

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