Click: From interalia to interaction

Ethnography ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-517
Author(s):  
Ido Yoav
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Video Analysis ◽  
Social Behaviors ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Everyday Lives ◽  
Natural Settings ◽  
Ethnographic Analysis ◽  
Self Presentations

The term social interaction is used so commonly, to the point of obscureness, often without defining or setting limits to it. In-depth micro visual-ethnographic analysis of sleepers’ awakenings in public places offers a list of typical bodily behaviors which may indicate when interactions start/end. This becomes evident by video analysis of NYC subway commuters’ awakenings in natural settings. While awake, individuals’ bodies point-out specific situational directions. However, while snoozing, corporeal directions lay off and sleepers’ body-idioms, self-presentations, and pointing-acts mute. Consequently, dozers become relatively directionless, relaxing bodily boldness. Following this understanding of public physical patterns, I argue that, contrary to conventional microstudies’ understandings, even in public places interactions have clear corporeal-experiential limits that can be operationalized and defined. I suggest naming this other (non-interactional) family of social behaviors interalia (from Latin, ‘among others’, i.e., being relatively indistinct corporeally). This study aims to provide a contemporary applicable toolkit for ethnographers of everyday lives.

Behavioral Assessment of Social Interactions in Natural Settings

1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Santoyo
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Behavioral Assessment ◽  
Behavioral Observation ◽  
Social Responsiveness ◽  
Social Agents ◽  
Social Effectiveness ◽  
Natural Settings

The present paper deals with behavioral assessment of social interaction in natural settings. The design of observational systems that allow the identification of the direction, contents, quality and social agents involved in a social interchange is an aim of social interaction assessment and research. In the first part a description of a system of behavioral observation of social interaction is presented. This system permits the identification of the above mentioned aspects. Secondly a strategy for the behavioral assessment of social skills is described. This strategy is based on the consequences and effects of social interaction, and it is supported by three basic processes: social effectiveness, social responsiveness and reciprocity.

Lowercase Strategies in Public Sound Art: celebrating the transient audience

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Batchelor
Keyword(s):  
Public Art ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
Sound Art ◽  
Acoustic Ecology ◽  
Public Places ◽  
The Public ◽  
Everyday Lives ◽  
A Site

Public art invariably involves the drawing of individuals into the roles of audience and participant by virtue of it being in the public domain – in public places where those individuals are getting on with their everyday lives. As such, a large proportion of the ‘audience’ is an unwitting one, subjected to the art rather than subscribing to it. This is equally true of public sound art, where response to an intervention may vary from engagement to non-engagement to indifference to unawareness, along with a variety of transitional states between. This essay seeks to investigate this ambiguous territory in public sound art, proposing it both as an area rich in possibility for creative exploration and as a means by which artists may reveal and encourage sensitivity to the existing characteristics of a site (thus accommodating the pursuit of agendas relating to acoustic ecology). In particular it investigates and presents a case for the use of lowercase strategies in sound art as ways in which the public might be invited into a dialogue with works (invitation rather than imposition) and thus empowered as partakers of public sound art.

scholarly journals IMOVE: A Motion Tracking and Projection Framework for Social Interaction Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Marie Kegeleers ◽  
Raoul Bruens ◽  
Maxim Liefaard ◽  
Nestor Z. Salamon ◽  
Rafael Bidarra
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Visual Art ◽  
Motion Tracking ◽  
Projection Methods ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Interactive Application ◽  
Real Scenario ◽  
Casual Game ◽  
Application Developers

In public places such as malls, train stations, and airports, there is a constant flow of people either waiting or commuting. Even though people at these locations are surrounded by many other individuals, mostly there is little social interaction, which generally creates a gloomy atmosphere. Any applications promoting social interactions are a welcome addition. We present IMOVE, an interactive framework aimed at facilitating the development of such applications. It offers a combination of motion tracking and projection methods which makes it easier to create interactive experiences and games, tailored to motivate people to move around, explore, and, most importantly, interact with each other in a fun way. People moving around trigger events and effects, interacting with the applications using their body movements or even collaboratively working towards an outcome. IMOVE was validated by means of a variety of applications in a real scenario, the entrance hall of a busy public building: the classic Pong game, a collaborative and accessible casual game (Save the Turtles!), and a procedural visual art generator based on game mechanics (Light Trails). All applications have been successfully running for the past year. The IMOVE framework is freely available online and it has been shown to be particularly suited and accessible to novice game and interactive application developers for large public spaces.

scholarly journals Differences in Mechanisms of Social Interaction of Gifted Children Based on Peer Acceptance [Diferencias en mecanismos de interacción social en niños de altas capacidades en función de la aceptación social]

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Pablo Hernández-Lastiri ◽  
África Borges ◽  
María Cadenas
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Peer Acceptance ◽  
Gifted Children ◽  
Social Responsiveness ◽  
Social Reciprocity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Natural Settings ◽  
Functional Mechanisms

AbstractEarly relationships with equals are considered a relevant factor in people’s development. In order to study social interaction, Santoyo (1996, 2006) proposes the functional mechanisms of social effectiveness, social responsiveness, and reciprocity. To analyze and compare these mechanisms in the participants of the Comprehensive Program for High Abilities (CPHA) with the purpose of detecting possible differences between the students who are better considered by their equals and those who have less social acceptance. The sample was selected by a sociogram, and the social interaction was measured with the Observational Protocol for Interactions within the Classroom-OPINTEC, v.5 (Cadenas & Borges, 2016, 2017; Cadenas, Borges, & Falcón, 2013). The participants show effectiveness and correspondence, but they don’t show social reciprocity. No differences were observed between the most valued ones and the most rejected ones. Observation represents and appropriate methodology for the studying of social relations in natural settings in combination with other procedures. ResumenLas relaciones tempranas con los iguales se consideran un factor relevante en el desarrollo de las personas. Para el estudio de la interacción social, Santoyo (1996, 2006) pro­pone los mecanismos funcionales de efectividad, corres­pondencia y reciprocidad social. Analizar y comparar los mecanismos que regulan la interacción social en alumnado participante del Programa Integral para Altas Capacidades (PIPAC) con el fin de detectar posibles diferencias entre aquellos mejor considerados por sus pares y los que pre­sentan una menor aceptación social. La muestra se selec­ciona mediante el sociograma y la interacción social se mide a través del instrumento de observación Protocolo de Observación de Interacción en el Aula-PINTA, v.5 (Cade­nas & Borges, 2016, 2017; Cadenas et al., 2013). Tanto los estudiantes focales más valorados como los más rechazados muestran patrones indicadores de pre­sencia de efectividad y correspondencia social, pero no re­ciprocidad social. No se observaron diferencias entre am­bos grupos. La observación representa una metodología adecuada para el estudio de relaciones sociales en ambien­tes naturales en combinación con otros procedimientos

scholarly journals Neonatal Exposure to Sevoflurane Induces Abnormal Social Behaviors and Deficits in Fear Conditioning in Mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 628-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maiko Satomoto ◽  
Yasushi Satoh ◽  
Katsuo Terui ◽  
Hideki Miyao ◽  
Kunio Takishima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Social Behaviors ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Social Recognition ◽  
Neonatal Exposure ◽  
Learning Deficits ◽  
Neonatal Mice ◽  
The Social

Background Neonatal exposure to anesthetics that block N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and/or hyperactivate gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor has been shown to cause neuronal degeneration in the developing brain, leading to functional deficits later in adulthood. The authors investigated whether exposure of neonatal mice to inhaled sevoflurane causes deficits in social behavior as well as learning disabilities. Methods Six-day-old C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 3% sevoflurane for 6 h. Activated cleaved caspase-3 immunohistochemical staining was used for detection of apoptosis. Cognitive functions were tested by pavlovian conditioned fear test. Social behavior was tested by social recognition and interaction tests. Results Neonatal exposure to sevoflurane significantly increased the number of apoptotic cells in the brain immediately after anesthesia. It caused persistent learning deficits later in adulthood as evidenced by decreased freezing response in both contextual and cued fear conditioning. The social recognition test demonstrated that mice with neonatal exposure to sevoflurane did not develop social memory. Furthermore, these mice showed decreased interactions with a social target compared with controls in the social interaction test, indicating a social interaction deficit. The authors did not attribute these abnormalities in social behavior to impairments of general interest in novelty or olfactory sensation, because they did not detect significant differences in the test for novel inanimate object interaction or for olfaction. Conclusions This study shows that exposure of neonatal mice to inhaled sevoflurane could cause not only learning deficits but also abnormal social behaviors resembling autism spectrum disorder.

scholarly journals Enacting agency: exploring how older adults shape their neighbourhoods

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carri Hand ◽  
Debbie Laliberte Rudman ◽  
Suzanne Huot ◽  
Rachael Pack ◽  
Jason Gilliland
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Community Action ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Participatory Approaches ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Helping Others ◽  
Neighbourhood Level ◽  
Potential Benefits

AbstractWithin research on ageing in neighbourhoods, older adults are often positioned as impacted by neighbourhood features; their impact on neighbourhoods is less often considered. Drawing on a study exploring how person and place transact to shape older adults’ social connectedness, inclusion and engagement in neighbourhoods, this paper explores how older adults take action in efforts to create neighbourhoods that meet individual and collective needs and wants. We drew on ethnographic and community-based participatory approaches and employed qualitative and geospatial methods with 14 older adults in two neighbourhoods. Analysis identified three themes that described the ways that older adults enact agency at the neighbourhood level: being present and inviting casual social interaction, helping others and taking community action. The participants appeared to contribute to a collective sense of connectedness and creation of social spaces doing everyday neighbourhood activities and interacting with others. Shared territories in which others were present seemed to support such interactions. Participants also helped others in a variety of ways, often relating to gaps in services and support, becoming neighbourhood-based supports for other seniors. Finally, participants contributed to change at the community level, such as engaging politically, patronising local businesses and making improvements in public places. Study findings suggest the potential benefits of collaborating with older adults to create and maintain liveable neighbourhoods.

Some ‘technical challenges’ of video analysis: social actions, objects, material realities and the problems of perspective

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Luff ◽  
Christian Heath
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Video Analysis ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Technical Consideration ◽  
Camera Angle ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Social Actions ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Conventional Solution

Unlike the wide-ranging methodological debates surrounding the accomplishment and analysis of interviews, fieldwork and focus groups, the discussions concerning the use of video data tend to focus on a few frequently rehearsed issues. In this article we wish to broaden the consideration of methodological concerns related to video. We address the problems faced when collecting data, particularly on how to select the framing for the recordings. We discuss the problems faced by researchers and how these have been addressed, revealing how a conventional solution has emerged that facilitates a particular kind of ‘multi-modal’ analysis. We then suggest some limitations of this framing and describe a number of recent approaches to recording video data that seek to overcome these constraints. While providing opportunities for very distinctive kinds of analyses, adopting these solutions places very particular demands on how data are collected, how research activities are conventionally undertaken, and perhaps more importantly, the nature of the analysis that is made possible. Although seeming to be a practical and technical consideration about recording data, selecting a camera angle uncovers methodological concerns that reveal the distinctive demands that video places on researchers concerned with the detailed analysis of naturally occurring social interaction.

scholarly journals Social interaction with an alcohol-intoxicated or cocaine-injected peer selectively alters social behaviors and drinking in adolescent male and female rats

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle M. Gamble ◽  
Chloe C. Josefson ◽  
Mary K. Hennessey ◽  
Ashley M. Davis ◽  
Renee C. Waters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Social Play ◽  
Social Behaviors ◽  
Ethanol Intake ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
Saccharin Consumption ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

AbstractBackgroundDrinking alcohol is facilitated by social interactions with peers, especially during adolescence. The importance of peer social influences during adolescence on alcohol and substance use have recently received more attention. We have shown that social interaction with an alcohol-intoxicated peer influences adolescent alcohol drinking differently in male and female rats using the demonstrator-observer paradigm. The present set of experiments analyzed the social interaction session to determine behaviors that influence alcohol drinking in adolescent male and female rats.MethodsSpecifically, in experiment one we determined which behaviors were altered during social interaction with an alcohol-intoxicated demonstrator and assessed changes in ethanol intake in adolescent observers. Experiment two examined changes in voluntary saccharin consumption to determine if social interaction with an alcohol-intoxicated demonstrator altered consumption of a palatable solution. In experiment three, we administered a low (5 mg/kg) or high (20 mg/kg) dose of cocaine to the demonstrator and assessed changes in the adolescent observers to determine if social interaction with a ‘drugged’ peer altered social behaviors and voluntary ethanol intake.ResultsWe showed that social interaction with an alcohol-intoxicated demonstrator (1) decreased social play and increased social investigation and social contact in adolescent male and female observers, (2) did not alter non-social behaviors, (3) did not alter saccharin consumption and (4) increased voluntary ethanol intake in adolescent female but not male observers. When the peer was injected with cocaine (1) social play was dose-dependently decreased, (2) there were no changes in other social or non-social behaviors, and (3) voluntary ethanol intake in adolescent male and female observers was unaffected.ConclusionsThe present results are consistent and extend our previous work showing that social interaction with an alcohol-intoxicated peer selectively alters social behaviors and alcohol-drinking in adolescent rats. Females appear to be more sensitive to elevating effects of social interaction on voluntary ethanol consumption.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Budaya dan Lokasi Terhadap Persepsi dan Penggunaan Telefon Bimbit di Tempat-Tempat Awam: Satu Analisis Perbandingan Antara Beberapa Negara

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Harnani Amir Hushin ◽  
Hasrina Mustafa ◽  
Bahiyah Omar
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
University Students ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Interaction Theory ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Geographical Factors ◽  
Significant Difference

This study aims to compare the level of perception of using mobile phones at public places among users of four different countries; Malaysia, Indonesia, China and Iran from the perspective of Social Interaction Theory. A survey was conducted on 100 university students from each country that makes up a sample of 400 respondents.  The findings of the study show 1) a significant difference in the perception of mobile phone and SMS usage in public places among respondents from different countries. Unlike Malaysian, Indonesian and Chinese respondents, the results of the study show that Iranian respondents are not too disturbed by the usage of mobile phones at public places. 2) The study also finds that Malaysian and Indonesian respondents seldom use mobile phone in public places, and that Chinese respondents often use mobile phone in public transport (i.e: bus). Meanwhile, Iranian respondents use mobile phone the most in four identified places – the supermarket, bus, pedestrian walkway and restaurant. 3) Most of the respondents in each category, however, prefer to use mobile phone – for making calls and SMS – in multi focused gathering compared to fully focused ones. The study concludes that cultural and geographical factors exert significant influence on the usage and perception of using mobile phone at public places. 

Swedish machine gamblers from an ethnographic perspective

2006 ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Lalander
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Electronic Gambling Machines ◽  
Electronic Gambling ◽  
Ethnographic Analysis

This article presents an ethnographic analysis of the biggest money-maker in Swedish gambling, namely, the state-owned electronic gambling machines, called Jack Vegas machines. The focus is on (1) social dimensions of the game and (2) various gambler types that develop in the Jack Vegas environment. In the section about social dimensions, there is a discussion about social interaction between gamblers and between gamblers and staff/owners of restaurants with the machines. There is a kind of sociality in Jack Vegas environments, but also feelings of irritation and frustration among the players. The text discusses the gambling types developed by Sue Fisher and, to some degree, Robert Custer and relates them to the Swedish ethnographic findings. But the article develops new gambler types as well. The gambler types developed by previous researchers in academic and empirical contexts need to be revitalized and further developed in new gaming environments.

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