Some ‘technical challenges’ of video analysis: social actions, objects, material realities and the problems of perspective

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Luff ◽  
Christian Heath
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Video Analysis ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Technical Consideration ◽  
Camera Angle ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Social Actions ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Conventional Solution

Unlike the wide-ranging methodological debates surrounding the accomplishment and analysis of interviews, fieldwork and focus groups, the discussions concerning the use of video data tend to focus on a few frequently rehearsed issues. In this article we wish to broaden the consideration of methodological concerns related to video. We address the problems faced when collecting data, particularly on how to select the framing for the recordings. We discuss the problems faced by researchers and how these have been addressed, revealing how a conventional solution has emerged that facilitates a particular kind of ‘multi-modal’ analysis. We then suggest some limitations of this framing and describe a number of recent approaches to recording video data that seek to overcome these constraints. While providing opportunities for very distinctive kinds of analyses, adopting these solutions places very particular demands on how data are collected, how research activities are conventionally undertaken, and perhaps more importantly, the nature of the analysis that is made possible. Although seeming to be a practical and technical consideration about recording data, selecting a camera angle uncovers methodological concerns that reveal the distinctive demands that video places on researchers concerned with the detailed analysis of naturally occurring social interaction.

scholarly journals Repetitions, Their Phonetic Features And Functions In Kurmanji Kurdish

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
Aveen Mohammed Hasan ◽  
Baydaa Mohammed Saeed Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Phonetic Features ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Issues

The study deals with the analysis of repetitions, their phonetic structures and functions as demonstrated in the organisation of talk-ininteraction in Kurdish. The repetitions are described as complex phonetic objects whose design has received no previous attention and are neglected by the scholars in the fields of discourse and conversation analysis studies in Kurdish. The main aims of the study are to identify the phonetic characteristics of repetitions in Kurdish, their functions and the relationship between differences in the phonetic features and their functions in speech. The study integrates the methodology of conversation analysis and impressionistic and instrumental phonetics to show how repetitions in a conversation are managed by the participants. The data used in this study comes from different types of natural speech, namely, face to face conversations, radio-phone-ins of Northern Kurdish. 27 cases of self repetitions have been analysed and they are lexical, phrasal and clausal with a range of syntactic forms. The study contributes to the theoretical issues of the prosody-pragmatics interface and participants’ understanding of naturally occurring discourse. It is hoped that such a study may contribute to language and information processing by providing a detailed analysis of patterns and functions of repetition in social interaction.

Video analysis and the temporality of inscriptions within social interaction: the case of architects at work

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenza Mondada
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Video Analysis ◽  
Video Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
The One ◽  
The Way

This article shows how artefacts – and more specifically documents and visualizations such as images, maps and plans – can be analysed in detail within an ethnomethodological and conversation analytic perspective focusing on the way in which they are manipulated within social activities. The aim is double. On the one hand, the article deals with the way in which the temporal and interactional feature of inscriptions in interaction can be preserved and analysed on the basis of video data, highlighting some of the challenges of producing adequate video recordings and video transcriptions of these phenomena. On the other hand, the article offers an empirical study of a professional activity in which participants manipulate texts, plans and other visualizations. Thus, it analyses in detail a meeting video recorded in an architectural office, in which three architects read, discuss, and draw plans, as well as explore and discover ideas by formulating, gesticulating, and sketching them.

scholarly journals ¿Para qué decimos “a poco” cuando conversamos?

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Vázquez Carranza
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Analytic Method ◽  
Social Actions ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
The Social ◽  
Interactional Context

The present article is about the Mexican phrase “a poco” in naturally occurring conversations. We apply the conversation-analytic method to investigate this phrase in telephone and video conversation recordings. The study shows the functions of the phrase in social interaction; particularly, it describes the interactional context where “a poco” is produced and the social actions in which the speakers use the phrase.

Preschool children’s play and alignments in a bracketed framing of a music-technological breakdown

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-142
Author(s):  
Pernilla Lagerlöf ◽  
Louise Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Music Technology ◽  
Popular Media ◽  
Media Culture ◽  
Children's Play ◽  
Experimental Activity ◽  
Children’S Play

Music technologies are becoming important in children's play in everyday life, but research on children's communication and interaction in such activities is still scarce. This study examines three children's social interaction in an 'experimental' activity in preschool, when the music technology breaks down. Detailed analysis is carried out by using a Goffmanian approach. The findings illustrate the children's interpretive framings of the adult's introduction and their orientation to the technological material in order to perform different alignments and how they change footings. The children's social interaction is organised according to the playful framing of the bracketed activity. This suggests the significance to pay attention to children's definitions of situations and to consider children's experiences of participation in popular media culture.

Referring to past actions in caregiver–child interaction in Japanese

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 92-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoyo Takagi
Keyword(s):  
Young Child ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Analytic Approach ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Past Experiences

In naturally occurring everyday caregiver–child interaction, a major part of what is hearable as storytelling or an incipient form of it is talk about participants’ (mostly children’s) past experiences. Adopting a conversation-analytic approach, this study attempts to show how explicit references to children’s past actions formulated in the form of [(X) did (Y)], where X is the young child interacting with the caregiver, can engender opportunities for participants to develop telling activities. Through the detailed analysis of talk and embodied features of telling sequences in each case, the analysis will reveal how the [(X) did (Y)]-format utterance is utilized for co-constructing the telling, and what social and interactional consequences are accomplished through the telling occasioned by such reference.

Effective Video Shot Boundary Detection and Keyframe Selection using Soft Computing Techniques

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashmi B S ◽  
Nagendraswamy H S
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Sets ◽  
Video Analysis ◽  
Boundary Detection ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Shot Boundary Detection ◽  
Keyframe Extraction ◽  
Soft Computing Techniques ◽  
Video Shot ◽  
Shot Boundary

The amount of video data generated and made publicly available has been tremendously increased in today's digital era. Analyzing these huge video repositories require effective and efficient content-based video analysis systems. Shot boundary detection and Keyframe extraction are the two major tasks in video analysis. In this direction, a method for detecting abrupt shot boundaries and extracting representative keyframe from each video shot is proposed. These objectives are achieved by incorporating the concepts of fuzzy sets and intuitionistic fuzzy sets. Shot boundaries are detected using coefficient of correlation on fuzzified frames. Further, probabilistic entropy measures are computed to extract the keyframe within fuzzified frames of a shot. The keyframe representative of a shot is the frame with highest entropy value. To show the efficacy of the proposed methods two benchmark datasets are used (TRECVID and Open Video Project). The proposed methods outperform when compared with some of state-of-the-art shot boundary detection and keyframe extraction methods.

scholarly journals Kid friendly? Constructions of comics literacy in the classroom

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-94
Author(s):  
Lars Wallner
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Comic Book ◽  
Psychological Approach ◽  
Literacy Studies ◽  
New Literacy ◽  
New Literacy Studies ◽  
Social Actions ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Video Material

This article explores how teachers and pupils construct and negotiate discourses around comic books as part of interaction in the classroom from a New Literacy Studies perspective. The combination of imagery and text, the essence of comics, makes them relevant tools for exploring how literacy is constructed in social interaction in the classroom. The analysis is based on video material from two different Swedish schools, one class in Grade 3 and one class in Grade 8. Nine interactional sequences were initially found, and these have been analysed using a qualitative discursive psychological approach, investigating how assessments are utilized to perform social actions – how participants use assessments of comics as easy or difficult reading, or assessments of themselves or others as being or not being comic book readers – to make something happen in interaction. The results show that participants utilize discourses of personal, visual and textual literacy to construct a comics literacy in which image and text are both construed as important for, as well as a difficulty in, reading comics. This demonstrates constructions of comics literacy and readership, how personal experiences of reading comics are important and the importance of broadening the view of comics as school literature.

Monitoring the swimzone while finding south: sustained orientation in multiactivity among beach lifeguards

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 683-711
Author(s):  
Simon Harrison ◽  
Robert F. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Frame Analysis ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Body Orientation ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Professional Vision ◽  
Gaze Behavior ◽  
Gaze Patterns ◽  
Sequential Analyses

Abstract Lifeguards stationed opposite their swimzone on a beach in southwest France huddle around a diagram in the sand; the Head Lifeguard points to the sun then looks at the swimzone. What is going on here? Our paper examines two excerpts from this interaction to explore how lifeguards manage an instruction activity that arises in addition to the task of monitoring the swimzone. Building on frame analysis and multiactivity in social interaction, we focus on the role of gaze behavior in maintaining a sustained orientation to the swimzone as a distinct activity in this setting. Multimodal, sequential analyses of extracts from the video data show that orientation to the lifeguarding task is sustained primarily by body orientation and gaze patterns that routinely return to the swimzone. This is supported when sustained orientation away from the swimzone leads to the momentary suspension of the instruction activity and consequent re-organization of the interaction, illustrating the normative and visible nature of managing multiactivity. These gaze behaviors and interactive patterns constitute practices of professional vision among beach lifeguards.

Click: From interalia to interaction

Ethnography ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-517
Author(s):  
Ido Yoav
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Video Analysis ◽  
Social Behaviors ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Everyday Lives ◽  
Natural Settings ◽  
Ethnographic Analysis ◽  
Self Presentations

The term social interaction is used so commonly, to the point of obscureness, often without defining or setting limits to it. In-depth micro visual-ethnographic analysis of sleepers’ awakenings in public places offers a list of typical bodily behaviors which may indicate when interactions start/end. This becomes evident by video analysis of NYC subway commuters’ awakenings in natural settings. While awake, individuals’ bodies point-out specific situational directions. However, while snoozing, corporeal directions lay off and sleepers’ body-idioms, self-presentations, and pointing-acts mute. Consequently, dozers become relatively directionless, relaxing bodily boldness. Following this understanding of public physical patterns, I argue that, contrary to conventional microstudies’ understandings, even in public places interactions have clear corporeal-experiential limits that can be operationalized and defined. I suggest naming this other (non-interactional) family of social behaviors interalia (from Latin, ‘among others’, i.e., being relatively indistinct corporeally). This study aims to provide a contemporary applicable toolkit for ethnographers of everyday lives.

A Study on the Campus Public Safety Monitoring System Based on Intelligent Vision

2014 ◽  
Vol 1028 ◽  
pp. 257-261
Author(s):  
Xi Zhu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Video Analysis ◽  
Event Detection ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
Safety Monitoring ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Visual Monitoring ◽  
Campus Security ◽  
Detection Technology ◽  
Safety Monitoring System

With the continuous development of video detection technology, the video analysis technology based on campus security has become an important part of the construction of safe campus. As the college students still are a group that has poor ability of security protection, campus security issue is closely related to the stability of society and family happiness, and has become a topic of concern to the whole society. The intelligent vision-based campus public safety monitoring system is an important means to achieve security monitoring, it can automatically analyze the video image sequence, and detect, track and identify objects in the monitoring scene without human intervention, and make high-level understanding and analysis of behaviors on this basis. Most of the existing visual monitoring systems can collect and store video data, and the real-time event detection task can automatically be generated through background analysis. Intelligent visual monitoring system should not only be used for accident investigation, but also be used to prevent potential disasters and accidents. The system is consisted of system management platform, event mining and analysis, monitoring and extraction of moving targets, forecasting and tracking targets. The paper makes an in-depth study on the application of intelligent visual detection technology on campus. Based on the intelligent visual video analysis, hidden Markov model is adopted in the paper for video event detection and analysis, motion features and shape features are taken as the observation data, and segmentation method is adopted to analyze the influence of video viewing height and angle on the detection result.

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