Soot reduction for cleaner Compression Ignition Engines through innovative bowl templates

2020 ◽  
pp. 146808742095132
Author(s):  
José V Pastor ◽  
Antonio García ◽  
Carlos Micó ◽  
Felipe Lewiski
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Soot Formation ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Soot Oxidation ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Compression Ignition Engines ◽  
Pollutant Reduction

Considering the need of pollutant emissions reduction and the high cost of the after-treatment systems, in-cylinder solutions for pollutant reduction are becoming more and more relevant. Among different proposals, new piston geometries are considered an attractive solution for reducing both soot and nitrogen oxides emissions in compression ignition engines. For this reason, this paper evaluates the soot formation and combustion characteristics of a novel piston geometry proposal, called stepped lip-wave, for light-duty engines. It is compared with other two well-known bowl geometries: re-entrant and stepped lip. The study was performed in an optical single-cylinder direct injection compression ignition engine. Two optical techniques (2 color pyrometry and OH* chemiluminescence) were applied for analyzing soot formation in each piston geometry. Test were performed at different engine loads, fuel injection characteristics and exhaust gas recirculation configuration. The re-entrant piston presents higher soot formation and a slower late oxidation process in comparison with the other two geometries. Stepped lip and stepped lip-wave present similar soot formation levels. However, stepped lip-wave showed a more efficient and faster soot oxidation process during the final combustion stages. Results confirm the potential of the stepped lip-wave concept to reduce soot emissions and achieve a cleaner energy production system.

Predicted Qualitative Effects of Alternate Liquid Fuels on Heavy-Duty Compression-Ignition Engines

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
End Effects ◽  
Compression Ignition Engines ◽  
The Impact

It is always desirable for a heavy-duty compression-ignition engine, such as a diesel engine, to possess a capability of using alternate liquid fuels without significant hardware modification to the engine baseline. Because fuel properties vary between various types of liquid fuels, it is important to understand the impact and effects of the fuel properties on engine operating and output parameters. This paper intends and attempts to achieve that understanding and to predict the qualitative effects by studying analytically and qualitatively how a heavy-duty compression-ignition engine would respond to the variation of fuel properties. The fuel properties considered in this paper mainly include the fuel density, compressibility, heating value, viscosity, cetane number, and distillation temperature range. The qualitative direct and end effects of the fuel properties on engine bulk fuel injection, in-cylinder combustion, and outputs are analyzed and predicted. Understanding these effects can be useful in analyzing and designing a compression-ignition engine for using alternate liquid fuels.

Investigation of Fuel Injection Strategies for Direct Injection of Neat n-Butanol in a Compression Ignition Engine

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1512-1525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadanori Yanai ◽  
Christopher Aversa ◽  
Shouvik Dev ◽  
Graham Reader ◽  
Ming Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Injection Strategies

Fuel Stratification and Partially Premixed Combustion With Neat n-Butanol in a Compression Ignition Engine

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shouvik Dev ◽  
Tongyang Gao ◽  
Xiao Yu ◽  
Mark Ives ◽  
Ming Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Premixed Combustion ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Fuel Stratification ◽  
Partially Premixed Combustion ◽  
Partially Premixed ◽  
Ci Engines

Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) has been considered as an ideal combustion mode for compression ignition (CI) engines due to its superb thermal efficiency and low emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter. However, a challenge that limits practical applications of HCCI is the lack of control over the combustion rate. Fuel stratification and partially premixed combustion (PPC) have considerably improved the control over the heat release profile with modulations of the ratio between premixed fuel and directly injected fuel, as well as injection timing for ignition initiation. It leverages the advantages of both conventional direct injection compression ignition and HCCI. In this study, neat n-butanol is employed to generate the fuel stratification and PPC in a single cylinder CI engine. A fuel such as n-butanol can provide additional benefits of even lower emissions and can potentially lead to a reduced carbon footprint and improved energy security if produced appropriately from biomass sources. Intake port fuel injection (PFI) of neat n-butanol is used for the delivery of the premixed fuel, while the direct injection (DI) of neat n-butanol is applied to generate the fuel stratification. Effects of PFI-DI fuel ratio, DI timing, and intake pressure on the combustion are studied in detail. Different conditions are identified at which clean and efficient combustion can be achieved at a baseline load of 6 bar IMEP. An extended load of 14 bar IMEP is demonstrated using stratified combustion with combustion phasing control.

Numerical assessment of ozone addition potential in direct injection compression ignition engines

2020 ◽  
pp. 146808742097355
Author(s):  
Vincent Giuffrida ◽  
Michele Bardi ◽  
Mickael Matrat ◽  
Anthony Robert ◽  
Guillaume Pilla
Keyword(s):  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Compression Stroke ◽  
The Impact

This paper aims at taking into account the chemistry of O3 in a 3D CFD simulation of compression ignition engine with Diesel type combustion for low load operating points. The methodology developed in this work includes 0D homogeneous reactors simulations, 3D RANS simulations and validation regarding experimental results. The 0D simulations were needed to take into account O3 reactions during the compression stroke because of the high reactivity of O3 with NO and dissociation at high temperature. The values found in these simulations were used as an input in the 3D model to match the correct O3 concentration at fuel injection timing. The 3D simulations were performed using CONVERGETM with a RANS approach. Simulations reproduce the compression/expansion stroke after the intake valve closure to focus on the impact of O3 on the fuel auto ignition. The comparison between numerical and experimental results demonstrates that the proposed methodology is able to capture correctly the impact of O3 addition on ignition delay and on heat release. Moreover, the analysis of the data enables to better understand the fundamental processes driving O3 impact in a CI engine. In particular, using 0D simulations, the plateau effect observed experimentally when increasing O3 concentration is attributed to O3 thermal decomposition and reaction with NO during the compression stroke. Also, 3D CFD results showed that O3 impact is observed mainly during LTHR phase and does not affect the topology and the propagation of the flame inside the combustion chamber.

scholarly journals A comparative experimental study on engine operating on premixed charge compression ignition and compression ignition mode

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1 Part B) ◽  
pp. 441-449
Author(s):  
Girish Bhiogade ◽  
Jiwak Suryawanshi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Compression Ignition Engines ◽  
Compression Ignition Combustion

New combustion concepts have been recently developed with the purpose to tackle the problem of high emissions level of traditional direct injection Diesel engines. A good example is the premixed charge compression ignition combustion. A strategy in which early injection is used causing a burning process in which the fuel burns in the premixed condition. In compression ignition engines, soot (particulate matter) and NOx emissions are an extremely unsolved issue. Premixed charge compression ignition is one of the most promising solutions that combine the advantages of both spark ignition and compression ignition combustion modes. It gives thermal efficiency close to the compression ignition engines and resolves the associated issues of high NOx and particulate matter, simultaneously. Premixing of air and fuel preparation is the challenging part to achieve premixed charge compression ignition combustion. In the present experimental study a diesel vaporizer is used to achieve premixed charge compression ignition combustion. A vaporized diesel fuel was mixed with the air to form premixed charge and inducted into the cylinder during the intake stroke. Low diesel volatility remains the main obstacle in preparing premixed air-fuel mixture. Exhaust gas re-circulation can be used to control the rate of heat release. The objective of this study is to reduce exhaust emission levels with maintaining thermal efficiency close to compression ignition engine.

scholarly journals Effective Combustion of Glycerol in the Compression Ignition Engine Equipped with a Double Direct Fuel Injection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Gruca ◽  
Michal Pyrc ◽  
Magdalena Szwaja ◽  
Stanislaw Szwaja
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emission ◽  
Ethanol Blends

The paper presents results from investigation focused on toxicity content in the exhaust gases emitted by the internal combustion compression ignition engine fueled with glycerol-ethanol blends at ratio of 50/50% by volume. Innovative issue of this engine is application of 2 high pressure injectors for glycerol-ethanol blend and diesel fuel direct injection at high pressure over 200 MPa. As known, glycerol is considered is by-product from biodiesel production technologies, hence its cost is relatively low to other renewable alternative fuels, which can be applied as a fuel to the reciprocating piston engines. Tests on exhaust gases toxicity were performed. It was found that the toxic components UHC, NOx and CO were below the maximal allowed limits. Both NOx and smoke emissions were strongly reduced with increase in glycerol-ethanol fraction in the fuel. Summarizing, such a fueling strategy proposed in this paper made it possible to effectively and environmentally friendly combust crude glycerol in the compression ignition engine working in a heat and power cogeneration unit. Exhaust gas emission tests conducted in this case confirmed usability of this technology to be implemented into practice.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of a Biodiesel-Fired Engine for Cogeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 312 ◽  
pp. 08013
Author(s):  
Luigi Falbo ◽  
Ernesto Ramundo
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engines ◽  
Partial Load ◽  
Chp System ◽  
Continuous Demand

The continuous demand to reduce both the pollutant emissions and the greenhouse gas (GHG) is increasing the use of alternative fuels as biodiesel in direct-injection compression ignition engines under combined heat and power (CHP) configuration. Although the biodiesel has different thermophysical properties compared to the standard diesel, it can be used in compression ignition engines without significant modifications. However, the pure biodiesel and biodiesel/diesel blends provide different performance and combustion characteristics with respect to the standard diesel engine. In order to estimate the behaviour of a micro-CHP system fuelled with biodiesel, a zero dimensional (0D) numerical model was development. This model is based on a single zone model and predicts the behaviour of a biodiesel/diesel blend-fired engine at full and partial load in terms of electrical efficiency, thermal efficiency and specific fuel consumption. Notwithstanding the biodiesel/diesel blend reveals lower performance in terms of electric and thermal efficiencies, can be used in CHP systems preserving the environmental sustainability avoiding significant modifications in the engine architecture.

scholarly journals Numerical simulations of dual fuel combustion in a heavy duty compression ignition engine

2015 ◽  
Vol 163 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Łukasz KAPUSTA
Keyword(s):  
Direct Injection ◽  
System Optimization ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Fuel System ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Compression Ignition Engines

In this study dual fuel direct injection was studied in terms of utilizing in compression ignition engines gaseous fuels with high octane number which are stored in liquid form, specifically liquid propane. Due to the fact that propane is not as much knock-resistant as natural gas, instead of conventional dual fuel system a system based on simultaneous direct injection of two fuel was selected as the most promissing one. Dual fuel operation was compared with pure diesel operation. The performed simulations showed huge potential of dual fuel system for burning light hydrocarbons in heavy duty compression ignition engines. However, further secondary fuel injection system optimization is required in order to improve atomization and lower the emissions.

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