Multiple fuel injection strategy for premixed charge compression ignition combustion engine using biodiesel blends

2022 ◽  
pp. 146808742110667
Author(s):  
Akhilendra Pratap Singh ◽  
Ashutosh Jena ◽  
Avinash Kumar Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Pilot Injection ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Combustion Control ◽  
Combustion Mode ◽  
Biodiesel Blends ◽  
Injection Parameters ◽  
Study Results

In the last decade, advanced combustion techniques of the low-temperature combustion (LTC) family have attracted researchers because of their excellent emission characteristics; however, combustion control remains the main issue for the LTC modes. The objective of this study was to explore premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) combustion mode using a double pilot injection (DPI; pilot-pilot-main) strategy to achieve superior combustion control and to tackle the soot-oxides of nitrogen (NOx) trade-off. Experiments were carried out in a single-cylinder research engine fueled with 20% v/v biodiesel blended with mineral diesel (B20) and 40% v/v biodiesel blended with mineral diesel (B40) vis-à-vis baseline mineral diesel. Engine speed and rate of fuel-mass injected were maintained constant at 1500 rpm and 0.6 kg/h mineral diesel equivalent, respectively. Pilot injection timings (at 45° and 35° before top dead center (bTDC)) and fuel quantities were fixed, while three fuel injection pressures (FIPs) and four different start of the main injection (SoMI) timings were investigated in this study. Results showed that multiple pilot injections resulted in a stable PCCI combustion mode, making it suitable for higher engine loads. For all test fuels, advancing SoMI timings led to relatively lesser knocking; however, engine performance characteristics degraded at advanced SoMI timings. B40 exhibited relatively superior engine performance among different test fuels at lower FIP; however, the difference in engine performance was insignificant at higher FIPs. Fuel injection parameters showed a significant effect on emissions, especially on the NOx and particulates. Advancing SoMI timing resulted in 20%–50% lower particulates emissions with a slight NOx increase; however, the differences in emissions at different SoMI timings reduced at higher FIPs. Somewhat higher particulates from biodiesel blends were a critical observation of this study, which was more dominant at advanced SoMI timings. Qualitative correlation between NOx-total particulate mass (TPM) was another critical analysis, which exhibited the relative importance of different fuel injection parameters for other alternative fuels. Overall, B20 at 700 bar FIP and 20° SoMI timing emerged as the most promising proposition with some penalty in CO emission.

Investigation of Alternative Fuels as Low Reactivity Fuel in Port-Charged Compression Ignition (PCCI) Engine

2020 ◽  
pp. 211-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthickeyan V. ◽  
Thiyagarajan S. ◽  
Ashok B.
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Pilot Injection ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Main Injection ◽  
Pilot Fuel ◽  
Lemon Oil ◽  
Conventional Fuel

In this chapter, four alternative fuels were obtained from non-edible oils, namely Moringa oleifera seed oil, pumpkin seed oil, waste cooking palm oil, and lemon oil. The existing diesel engine intake manifold was converted into port charged compression ignition engine by adopting necessary supporting components and control mechanics. In this study, two modes of injection were carried out, namely main injection with conventional fuel and pilot injection with the prepared alternative fuel samples. Due to characteristic fuel properties, lemon oil biofuel in pilot fuel injection experienced high thermal efficiency and low fuel consumption. At all loads, lemon oil biofuel in pilot fuel injection exhibited lower emission than other alternative fuel samples. Lemon oil biofuel in pilot fuel injection and conventional fuel in main injection showed superior combustion characteristics. On the whole, this work recommends the application of the alternative fuel admission in pilot injection mode by adopting PCCI technique to achieve improved engine characteristics.

Analysis of Engine Performance and Combustion Characteristics of Diesel and Biodiesel blends in a Compression Ignition Engine

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique Dornelles ◽  
Jácson Antolini ◽  
Rafael Sari ◽  
Macklini Dalla Nora ◽  
Paulo Romeu Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Engine Performance ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Biodiesel Blends

scholarly journals Impact of injection strategies on combustion characteristics, efficiency and emissions of gasoline compression ignition operation in a heavy-duty multi-cylinder engine

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1426-1440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buyu Wang ◽  
Michael Pamminger ◽  
Ryan Vojtech ◽  
Thomas Wallner
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Pilot Injection ◽  
Low Temperature Combustion ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Temperature Combustion ◽  
Gas Recirculation ◽  
Direct Fuel Injection

Gasoline compression ignition using a single gasoline-type fuel for direct/port injection has been shown as a method to achieve low-temperature combustion with low engine-out NOx and soot emissions and high indicated thermal efficiency. However, key technical barriers to achieving low-temperature combustion on multi-cylinder engines include the air handling system (limited amount of exhaust gas recirculation) as well as mechanical engine limitations (e.g. peak pressure rise rate). In light of these limitations, high-temperature combustion with reduced amounts of exhaust gas recirculation appears more practical. Furthermore, for high-temperature gasoline compression ignition, an effective aftertreatment system allows high thermal efficiency with low tailpipe-out emissions. In this work, experimental testing was conducted on a 12.4 L multi-cylinder heavy-duty diesel engine operating with high-temperature gasoline compression ignition combustion with port and direct injection. Engine testing was conducted at an engine speed of 1038 r/min and brake mean effective pressure of 1.4 MPa for three injection strategies, late pilot injection, early pilot injection, and port/direct fuel injection. The impact on engine performance and emissions with respect to varying the combustion phasing were quantified within this study. At the same combustion phasing, early pilot injection and port/direct fuel injection had an earlier start of combustion and higher maximum pressure rise rates than late pilot injection attributable to more premixed fuel from pilot or port injection; however, brake thermal efficiencies were higher with late pilot injection due to reduced heat transfer. Early pilot injection also exhibited the highest cylinder-to-cylinder variations due to differences in injector behavior as well as the spray/wall interactions affecting mixing and evaporation process. Overall, peak brake thermal efficiency of 46.1% and 46% for late pilot injection and port/direct fuel injection was achieved comparable to diesel baseline (45.9%), while early pilot injection showed the lowest brake thermal efficiency (45.3%).

Evaluation of Fuel Injection Strategies for Biodiesel-Fueled CRDI Engine Development and Particulate Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhilendra Pratap Singh ◽  
Avinash Kumar Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Combustion Noise ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Biodiesel Blends ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Injection Parameters ◽  
Smoke Opacity

Fuel injection parameters such as fuel injection pressure (FIP) and start of main injection (SoMI) timings significantly affect the performance and emission characteristics of a common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine. In this study, a state-of-the-art single cylinder research engine was used to investigate the effects of fuel injection parameters on combustion, performance, emission characteristics, and particulates and their morphology. The experiments were carried out at three FIPs (400, 700, and 1000 bar) and four SoMI timings (4 deg, 6 deg, 8 deg, and 10 deg bTDC) for biodiesel blends [B20 (20% v/v biodiesel and 80% v/v diesel) and B40 (40% v/v biodiesel and 60% v/v diesel)] compared to baseline mineral diesel. The experiments were performed at a constant engine speed (1500 rpm), without pilot injection and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). The experimental results showed that FIP and SoMI timings affected the in-cylinder pressure and the heat release rate (HRR), significantly. At higher FIPs, the biodiesel blends resulted in slightly higher rate of pressure rise (RoPR) and combustion noise compared to baseline mineral diesel. All the test fuels showed relatively shorter combustion duration at higher FIPs and advanced SoMI timings. The biodiesel blends showed slightly higher NOx and smoke opacity compared to baseline mineral diesel. Lower particulate number concentration at higher FIPs was observed for all the test fuels. However, biodiesel blends showed emission of relatively higher number of particulates compared to baseline mineral diesel. Significantly lower trace metals in the particulates emitted from biodiesel blend fueled engine was an important finding of this study. The particulate morphology showed relatively smaller number of primary particles in particulate clusters from biodiesel exhaust, which resulted in relatively lower toxicity, rendering biodiesel to be more environmentally benign.

The Effects of Injection Parameters on the Performance of Common Rail Light Duty Engine Fueled with Palm Oil Biodiesel

2013 ◽  
Vol 465-466 ◽  
pp. 322-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Adlan Abdullah ◽  
Farid Nasir Ani ◽  
Masjuki Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Common Rail ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Injection Duration ◽  
Injection Parameters

It is in the interest of proponents of biodiesel to increase the utilization of the renewable fuel. The similarities of the methyl ester properties to diesel fuel and its miscibility proved to be an attractive advantage. It is however generally accepted that there are some performance and emissions deficit when a diesel engine is operated with biodiesel. There are research efforts to improve the diesel engine design to optimize the combustion with biodiesel. Since the common rail engines operates on flexible injection strategies, there exist an opportunity to improve engine performance and offset the fuel economy deficit by means of optimizing the engine control strategies. This approach may prove to be more practical and easily implemented. This study investigated the effects of the fuel injection parameters - rail pressure, injection duration and injection timing - on a common rail passenger car engine in terms of the fuel economy. Palm oil based biodiesel up to 30% blend in diesel was used in this study. The end of injection, (EOI), was found to be the most important parameter for affecting fuel consumption and thermal efficiency.

scholarly journals Characterization and prediction of blend properties and evaluation of engine performance and emission parameters of a CI engine operated with various biodiesel blends

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (17) ◽  
pp. 13246-13255 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sanjid ◽  
H. H. Masjuki ◽  
M. A. Kalam ◽  
S. M. Ashrafur Rahman ◽  
M. J. Abedin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Biodiesel Blends ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Ci Engine

The present research is aimed to investigate the feasibility of using palm (PB), mustard (MB) and Calophyllum biodiesel (CB) as renewable and alternative fuels.

scholarly journals Gasoline Compression Ignition (GCI) on a Light-Duty Multi-Cylinder Engine Using a Wide Range of Fuel Reactivities and Heavy Fuel Stratification

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam B. Dempsey ◽  
Scott Curran ◽  
Robert Wagner ◽  
William Cannella ◽  
Andrew Ickes
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Low Temperature Combustion ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Cycle Basis ◽  
Fuel Stratification ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Research Studies

Abstract Many research studies have focused on utilizing gasoline in modern compression ignition engines to reduce emissions and improve efficiency. Collectively, this combustion mode has become known as gasoline compression ignition (GCI). One of the biggest challenges with GCI operation is maintaining control over the combustion process through the fuel injection strategy, such that the engine can be controlled on a cycle-by-cycle basis. Research studies have investigated a wide variety of GCI injection strategies (i.e., fuel stratification levels) to maintain control over the heat release rate while achieving low temperature combustion (LTC). This work shows that at loads relevant to light-duty engines, partial fuel stratification (PFS) with gasoline provides very little controllability over the timing of combustion. On the contrary, heavy fuel stratification (HFS) provides very linear and pronounced control over the timing of combustion. However, the HFS strategy has challenges achieving LTC operation due to the air handling burdens associated with the high EGR rates that are required to reduce NOx emissions to near zero levels. In this work, a wide variety of gasoline fuel reactivities (octane numbers ranging from < 40 to 87) were investigated to understand the engine performance and emissions of HFS-GCI operation on a multi-cylinder light-duty engine. The results indicate that over an EGR sweep at 4 bar BMEP, the gasoline fuels can achieve LTC operation with ultra-low NOx and soot emissions, while conventional diesel combustion (CDC) is unable to simultaneously achieve low NOx and soot. At 10 bar BMEP, all the gasoline fuels were compared to diesel, but using mixing controlled combustion and not LTC.

Combustion Mode Switching Characteristics of a Medium-Duty Engine Operated in Compression Ignition/PCCI Combustion Modes

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhilendra Pratap Singh ◽  
Nikhil Bajpai ◽  
Avinash Kumar Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Mode Switching ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Combustion Mode ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Combustion Modes ◽  
Brake Mean Effective Pressure ◽  
Study Results

Premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) combustion is a novel combustion concept, which reduces oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions simultaneously. However, PCCI combustion cannot be implemented in commercial engines due to its handicap in operating at high engine loads. This study is focused on the development of hybrid combustion engine in which engine can be operated in both combustion modes, namely, PCCI and compression ignition (CI). Up to medium loads, engine was operated in PCCI combustion and at higher loads, the engine control unit (ECU) automatically switched the engine operation to CI combustion mode. These combustion modes can be automatically switched by varying the fuel injection parameters and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) by an open ECU. The experiments were carried out at constant engine speed (1500 rpm) and the load was varied from idling to full load (5.5 bar brake mean effective pressure (BMEP)). To investigate the emission and particulate characteristics during different combustion modes and mode switching, continuous sampling of the exhaust gas was done for a 300 s cycle, which was specifically designed for this study. Results showed that PCCI combustion resulted in significantly lower NOx and PM emissions compared to the CI combustion. Lower exhaust gas temperature (EGT) in the PCCI combustion mode resulted in slightly inferior engine performance. Slightly higher concentration of unregulated emission species such as sulfur dioxide (SO2) and formaldehyde (HCHO) in PCCI combustion mode was another important observation from this study. Lower concentration of aromatic compounds in PCCI combustion compared to CI combustion reflected relatively lower toxicity of the exhaust gas. Particulate number-size distribution showed that most particulates emitted in PCCI combustion mode were in the accumulation mode particle (AMP) size range, however, CI combustion emitted relatively smaller sized particles, which were more harmful to the human health. Overall, this study indicated that mode switching has significant potential for application of PCCI combustion mode in production grade engines for automotive sector, which would result in relatively cleaner engine exhaust compared to CI combustion mode engines.

Effect of Fuel Injection Pressure and Premixed Ratio on Mineral Diesel-Methanol Fueled Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition Mode Combustion Engine

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhilendra Pratap Singh ◽  
Nikhil Sharma ◽  
Dev Prakash Satsangi ◽  
Avinash Kumar Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition ◽  
Hc Emissions ◽  
Fuel Injection Pressure

Abstract Reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) mode combustion has attracted significant attention because of its superior engine performance and significantly lower emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) compared with conventional compression ignition (CI) mode combustion engines. In this experimental study, effects of fuel injection pressure (FIP) of high reactivity fuel (HRF) and premixed ratio of low reactivity fuel (LRF) were evaluated on a diesel-methanol fueled RCCI mode combustion engine. Experiments were performed in a single cylinder research engine at a constant engine speed (1500 rpm) and constant engine load (3 bar BMEP) using three different FIPs (500, 750, and 1000 bar) of mineral diesel and four different premixed ratios (rp = 0, 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75) of methanol. Results showed that RCCI mode resulted in more stable combustion compared with baseline CI mode combustion. Increasing FIP resulted in relatively higher knocking, but it reduced with increasing premixed ratio. Relatively higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of RCCI mode combustion compared with baseline CI mode combustion is an important finding of this study. BTE increased with increasing FIP of mineral diesel and increasing premixed ratio of methanol. Relatively dominant effect of increasing FIP on BTE at higher premixed ratios of methanol was also an important finding of this study. RCCI mode combustion resulted in higher carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions, but lower PM and NOx emissions compared with baseline CI mode combustion. Increasing FIP of HRF at lower premixed ratios reduced the number concentration of particles; however, effect of FIP became less dominant at higher premixed ratios. Relatively higher number emissions of nanoparticles at higher FIPs were observed. Statistical and qualitative correlations exhibited the importance of suitable FIP at different premixed ratios of LRF on emission characteristics of RCCI mode combustion engine.

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