“Authorized to work in the US”: Examining the myth of porous borders in the era of populism for practicing linguists

Ethnicities ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 863-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjali Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Temporary Work ◽  
Ethnic Exclusion ◽  
Transnational Mobility ◽  
New Public ◽  
The Us ◽  
Institutional Contexts ◽  
Global Moment ◽  
Mobile Professionals

This paper explores top-down, enacted, institutional pushbacks to supermobility and superdiversity in the under-examined arena of academia using emerging frameworks in political economy and the geography of mobility. Zooming in on the discoursal framings of a recent year of job advertisements on a popular, open-source forum for linguists supplemented with qualitatively and quantitatively sourced data from international, national, and local institutional contexts, the paper examines how macrocontextual pushes toward political populism combined with a synchronous tightening of job markets in academia have enacted a plethora of labels for temporary work in lieu of permanent academic positions—now, increasingly the only option for job seekers in a hypercompetitive academic market. In this manufacturing of euphemization discourse, we witness the invention of novel, microlinguistically rendered lexicalizations of semiotic redundancy in academic capitalism’s own obfuscation of profit margins, and a concomitant manufacturing of a new discourse of rationality in which floating semiotic signifiers at multiple scales deploy nationality-criteria to justify ethnic exclusion and/or entry into academic space. More crucially, in these commonsensical framings, we encounter both causation and consequence of newly enacted barriers to transnational mobility. In challenging the myth of porous borders for mobile professionals in the post-global moment, these emerging linguistic signifiers point to the ascendancy of a new public affectivity on display in intellectual spheres and a saturation of sentiment toward illiberality.

Generalized Cumulative Residual Entropy of Time Series Based on Permutation Patterns

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150055
Author(s):  
Qin Zhou ◽  
Pengjian Shang
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Stock Markets ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Permutation Entropy ◽  
Residual Entropy ◽  
Permutation Patterns ◽  
Cumulative Residual Entropy ◽  
The Us ◽  
Cumulative Residual ◽  
Different Characteristics

Cumulative residual entropy (CRE) has been suggested as a new measure to quantify uncertainty of nonlinear time series signals. Combined with permutation entropy and Rényi entropy, we introduce a generalized measure of CRE at multiple scales, namely generalized cumulative residual entropy (GCRE), and further propose a modification of GCRE procedure by the weighting scheme — weighted generalized cumulative residual entropy (WGCRE). The GCRE and WGCRE methods are performed on the synthetic series to study properties of parameters and verify the validity of measuring complexity of the series. After that, the GCRE and WGCRE methods are applied to the US, European and Chinese stock markets. Through data analysis and statistics comparison, the proposed methods can effectively distinguish stock markets with different characteristics.

FORMAL INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXTS AS OWNERSHIP OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF COMMERCIALIZATION OF INNOVATIONS AT UNIVERSITIES — COMPARATIVE DATA FROM SWEDEN AND THE UNITED KINGDOM

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (05) ◽  
pp. 1069-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER LINDELÖF
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Transfer System ◽  
Science Parks ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Us ◽  
Institutional Contexts ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Historical Developments ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Similar Legislation

This paper identifies differences in institutional contexts (legislation) between Sweden and the UK and their effects on technology transfer policies. It then proceeds to examine how such activities are organized by universities. Empirical evidence from surveys conducted with technology transfer managers at eight Swedish universities and eleven UK universities gathered in Sweden and the UK during 2004 is analyzed. It is argued that the historical developments of these systems depend on different institutional contexts, which influence the modes of organization. The UK technology transfer system is based on similar legislation to that of the US, with IPRs being granted to the universities. The Swedish system, however, grants IPRs to the individual researchers, though with some new features — such as science parks and incubators — suggesting a change towards greater agent (university) involvement in encouraging technology transfer. This change indicates a breakthrough for the "entrepreneurial university" in Sweden.

scholarly journals A közfoglalkoztatás intézményi alakulása 2015-ben

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
József Bagó
Keyword(s):  
Public Employment ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Job Interviews ◽  
Core Element ◽  
Employment Benefits ◽  
The Public ◽  
Employment System ◽  
Legal Relationship ◽  
New Public ◽  
Domestic Affairs

A 2011. január 1-től létrejött új közfoglalkoztatási modell lényeges eleme a közfoglalkoztatási jogviszony jogintézménye, amely több vonatkozásban eltér a munka törvénykönyvben szabályozott munkaviszonytól. Meghatározó az állami ösztönző rendszer, ebben a közfoglalkoztatási bér szabályozása, a Nemzeti Foglalkoztatási Alapból finanszírozott közfoglalkoztatási támogatások, továbbá azok más pénzügyi forrásokból működtetett állami kiegészítései. A cikk a hazai közfoglalkoztatási rendszer alakulásának 2015. évi intézményi változásait mutatja be. Így többek között, hogy a közfoglalkoztatási jogviszonyban álló álláskeresők mentesültek a rendelkezésre állási és munkavégzési kötelezettségük alól arra az időre, amíg munkaviszony létesítése céljából történő állásinterjún vesznek részt. A közfoglalkoztatási bér 79 155 forintra, a garantált közfoglalkoztatási bér 101 480 forintra emelkedett. Az intézményesítés további elemekkel bővült, elindult a közfoglalkoztatási portál, megkezdte működését a Belügyi Tudományos Tanács Közfoglalkoztatási Munkacsoportja, megrendezésre került az I. Országos Közfoglalkoztatási Kiállítás. *** A core element of the new public employment model put into force on January 1st 2011 is the legal institution of public employment legal relationship which differs in several respects from the labour relationship regulated by the Labour Code. The governmental motivation system, and within that the regulations on public employment wages, the public employment benefits financed from the National Employment Fund as well as their governmental complements provided from other financial resources are all decisive elements. The article presents the institutional changes that took place in the evolution of the domestic public employment system in 2015. Thus, for example the fact that the job seekers possessing a public employment relationship were exempted from work for the time they spent on job interviews. Public employment wage was raised to HUF 79 155, and the warranted public employment wage to HUF 101 480. Institutionalization was extended with further components, the public employment web site was launched, the Public Employment Working Group of the Scientific Council for Domestic Affairs started operating, and the first National Public Employment Exhibition was organized. 

Foreign Agent Registration Schemes in Australia and the United States: The Scope, Risk and Limitations of Transparency

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Draffen ◽  
Yee-Fui Ng
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foreign Agent ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
New Public ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Foreign Influence ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
High Level

Regulators and governments around the world have been active of late in considering the best method by which to hold accountable foreign influence on political processes. Australia’s response to this issue was to pass a package of laws, including the Foreign Influence Transparency Scheme Act (‘FITSA’), which creates a new public register for those acting on behalf of a foreign principal. This article compares FITSA against the US Act on which it is based: the Foreign Agents Registration Act (‘FARA’). It shows that, largely, FITSA is better targeted than FARA towards ensuring that actors that merit registration are caught by its provisions. However, FITSA does not entirely address the potential risks inherent in this style of law. The authors argue that despite the objective of transparency inherent in such schemes, they may ultimately have a disproportionate effect on actors with access to fewer resources. Accordingly, the article proposes high-level principles to rethink this form of regulation based on refocusing foreign agent schemes to their underlying justification, recasting the regulatory net, and recalibrating discussions about ‘foreigners’.

scholarly journals The Structure of Labor Markets in the US and China: Social Capital andGuanxi

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy DiTomaso ◽  
Yanjie Bian
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Organizational Policies ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Differences

ABSTRACTDespite the major cultural and political differences between the United States and China, in both countries access to jobs is supposed to be guided by fair and equitable procedures. In the US, there is a presumption of an open labor market in which potential employees compete on the basis of their qualifications, where the fairness of decisions is guided by anti-discrimination laws and normative organizational policies. In China, although there is a history of close relationships that guide the exchange of favors, following the 1949 revolution, Communist Party leaders were given the authority to allocate positions in ways that were supposed to eliminate special privileges of class and background. Yet recent research has suggested that social connections are an important part of getting a job in both the US and China for two-thirds to three-quarters of job seekers. In the US context, such connections are described as social capital. In the Chinese context, connections are defined asguanxi. In this article, we review research on labor market processes in both the US and China to address three important questions: (a) How can we understand the similar functioning of labor markets in such distinct cultural and political systems as the US and China? (b) What are the mechanisms or processes by which people find jobs in the US and China, and how are people able to access these mechanisms or processes in the context of constraining social structures and legal environments? and (c) What are the theoretical implications of the ‘generalized particularism’ that seems to shape labor markets in both the US and China.

scholarly journals Healthcare professionals' online use of violence metaphors for care at the end of life in the US: a corpus-based comparison with the UK

Corpora ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Potts ◽  
Elena Semino
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
End Of Life Care ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Life Care ◽  
Professional Discourse ◽  
The Us ◽  
Query Tool ◽  
Institutional Contexts ◽  
The Uk

The use of violence metaphors in healthcare has long been criticised as detrimental to patients. Recent work ( Demmen et al., 2015 ; and Semino et al., 2015 ) has combined qualitative analysis with corpus-based quantitative methods to analyse the frequency and variety of violence metaphors in the language of UK-based patients, family carers and healthcare professionals talking about cancer and/or end-of-life care. A new 250,324-word corpus of US health professionals' online discourse has been collected to add a contrastive, cross-cultural element to the study of metaphors in end-of-life care. In this work, we move towards a replicable method for comparing frequency and type of violence metaphors in UK and US contexts by making use of both search-and-recall and key semantic tag analysis using the corpus query tool Wmatrix. First, we discuss the most over-used and under-used semantic domains in the US corpus as compared with the pre-existing UK corpus of online healthcare professional discourse. Second, we show that there are no notable frequency differences in the occurrence of violence metaphors in the two corpora, but we point out some differences in the topics that these metaphors are used to discuss. Third, we introduce a novel framework for analysing agency in violence metaphors and apply it to the US corpus. This reveals the variety of relationships, concerns and challenges that these metaphors can express. Throughout, we relate our findings to the different US and UK cultural and institutional contexts, and we reflect on the methodological implications of our approach for corpus-based metaphor analysis.

New Public Management

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Lægreid
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Public Management ◽  
New Public Management ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Public ◽  
External Pressures ◽  
Institutional Contexts ◽  
Expanded Concept ◽  
Over Time

New Public Management (NPM) reforms have been around in many countries for over the past 30 years. NPM is an ambiguous, multifaceted, and expanded concept. There is not a single driving force behind it, but rather a mixture of structural and polity features, national historical-institutional contexts, external pressures, and deliberate choices from political and administrative executives. NPM is not the only show in town, and contextual features matter. There is no convergence toward one common NPM model, but significant variations exist between countries, government levels, policy areas, tasks, and over time. Its effects have been found to be ambiguous, inconclusive, and contested. Generally, there is a lack of reliable data on results and implications, and there is some way to go before one can claim evidence-based policymaking in this field. There is more knowledge regarding NPM’s effects on processes and activities than on outcome, and reliable comparative data on variations over time and across countries are missing. NPM has enhanced managerial accountability and accountability to users and customers, but has this success been at the expense of political accountability? New trends in reforms, such as whole-of-government, have been added to NPM, thereby making public administration more complex and hybrid.

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