Piezoelectric sensor–based damage progression in concrete through serial/parallel multi-sensing technique

Structural damage detection using unmanned Structural Health Monitoring techniques is becoming the need of the day with the technologies available presently. Sensors made of Lead Zirconate Titanate materials, due to their simplicity and robustness, are increasingly used as an effective monitoring sensor in Structural Health Monitoring. Continuous monitoring of the structures using Lead Zirconate Titanate sensors often results in a laborious data retrieval process due to the large amount of signal generated. To speed up the data retrieval process, a multi-sensing technique in which the Lead Zirconate Titanate patches are connected in series and parallel is proposed for structural damage detection. The proposed method is validated using an experimental investigation carried out on a reinforced concrete beam embedded with smart Lead Zirconate Titanate sensor units. The beam is subjected to damage, and the location of damage is identified using conductance signatures obtained from patches sensed individually and through multiplexing. This article proposes an effective methodology for selection of patches to be connected in series/parallel to maximise the efficiency of damage detection. Damage quantification using conventional statistical metrics such as root mean square deviation, mean absolute percentage deviation and cross correlations are found to be ineffective in identifying the location of damage from the multiplexed signatures. In turn, dynamic metrics such as moving root mean square deviation, moving mean absolute percentage deviation and moving cross correlation with overlapped moving blocks of data are proposed in the present work and their ability to detect the damage location from multiplexed signatures is discussed.

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An experimental study on piezoelectric energy harvesting from wind and ambient structural vibrations for wireless structural health monitoring

Advances in Structural Engineering ◽

10.1177/1369433219886956 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (5) ◽

pp. 1010-1023 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Naveet Kaur ◽

Dasari Mahesh ◽

Sreenitya Singamsetty

Keyword(s):

Structural Health Monitoring ◽

Energy Harvesting ◽

Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽

Health Monitoring ◽

Lead Zirconate ◽

Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting ◽

Structural Vibrations ◽

Ambient Wind ◽

Piezoelectric Energy ◽

Zirconate Titanate

Energy harvesting is an emerging technology holding promise of sustainability amid the alarming rate at which the human community is depleting the natural resources to cater its needs. There are several ways of harvesting energy in a renewable fashion such as through solar, wind, hydro-electric, geothermal, and artificial photosynthesis. This study focuses on energy harvesting from wind vibrations and ambient structural vibrations (such as from rail and road bridges) through piezo transducers using the direct piezoelectric effect. First, the potential of the piezoelectric energy harvesting from ambient wind vibrations has been investigated and presented here. Lead zirconate titanate patches have been attached at the fixed end of aluminum rectangular and trapezoidal cantilevers, which have been exposed to varying wind velocity in a lab-size wind tunnel. The effect of perforations and twisting (distortion) on the power generated by the patches under varying wind velocity has also been studied. It has been observed that the power is comparatively higher in rectangular-shaped cantilever than the trapezoidal one. Perforations and shape distortion showed promising result in terms of higher yield. The laboratory experiments have also been extended to the real-life field condition to measure the actual power generated by the lead zirconate titanate patches under the ambient wind vibrations. Next, energy harvesting from the ambient structural vibrations has been done both experimentally and numerically. Four different prototypes have been considered. The power has been measured across the lead zirconate titanate patches individually and in parallel combination. A maximum power output for Prototype 1 to Prototype 4 has been found to be 4.3428, 11.844, 25.97, and 43.12 µW, respectively. Numerical study has also been carried out in ANSYS 14.5 to perform the parametric study to examine the effect of addition of mass at the free end of cantilever. In a nutshell, this article provides a comprehensive study on the effect of various factors on the amount of energy generated by piezoelectric patches under wind and structural vibrations. The energy generated is sufficient for driving low-power-consuming electronics that can further be used for other applications like wireless structural health monitoring, and so on.

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STRUCTURAL DAMAGE DETECTION BASED ON CHANGES IN DYNAMIC PARAMETERS

Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego / Inżynieria Środowiska ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0010.6036 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 166 (46) ◽

pp. 75-84

Author(s):

Dominika Ziaja ◽

Bartosz Miller

Keyword(s):

Neural Networks ◽

Artificial Neural Networks ◽

Damage Detection ◽

Health Monitoring ◽

Structural Damage ◽

Single Layer ◽

Dynamic Parameters ◽

Structural Damage Detection ◽

Dynamic Excitation ◽

Portal Frame

The article presents the idea of structural health monitoring as a supporting action to protect the environment. The preliminary proposal of a procedure enabling the damage detection of the joints is shown on the example of a two-storey portal frame. Conclusions, presented in the paper, based on the measurement of accelerations in selected points of structure, subjected to dynamic excitation. Single-layer, feed-forward artificial neural networks were used as a tool for the analysis of changes in the dynamic parameters.

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Structural damage detection based on improved frequency change ratio

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201927201010 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 272 ◽

pp. 01010

Author(s):

Jian WANG ◽

Huan JIN ◽

Xiao MA ◽

Bin ZHAO ◽

Zhi YANG ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Damage Detection ◽

Health Monitoring ◽

Structural Damage ◽

Detection Method ◽

Mode Shapes ◽

Frequency Change ◽

Damage Localization ◽

Structural Damage Detection ◽

Practical Application ◽

Slight Damage

Frequency Change Ratio (FCR) based damage detection methodology for structural health monitoring (SHM) is analyzed in detail. The effectiveness of damage localization using FCR for some slight damage cases and worse ones are studied on an asymmetric planar truss numerically. Disadvantages of damage detection using FCR in practical application are found and the reasons for the cases are discussed. To conquer the disadvantages of FCR, an Improved Frequency Change Ratio (IFCR) based damage detection method which takes the changes of mode shapes into account is proposed. Verification is done in some damage cases and the results reveal that IFCR can identify the damage more efficiently. Noisy cases are considered to assess the robustness of IFCR and results indicate that the proposed method can work well when the noise is not severe.

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Reusable piezoelectric transducer for structural health monitoring using both Lamb wave and electromechanical impedance modes

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures ◽

10.1177/1045389x20942843 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 31 (16) ◽

pp. 1898-1909

Author(s):

Qijian Liu ◽

Yuan Chai ◽

Xinlin Qing

Keyword(s):

Structural Health Monitoring ◽

Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽

Health Monitoring ◽

Lamb Wave ◽

Lead Zirconate ◽

Aluminum Plate ◽

Electromechanical Impedance ◽

Structural Health ◽

Zirconate Titanate ◽

Piezoelectric Lead Zirconate Titanate

A variety of structural health monitoring techniques have been developed to support the efficient online monitoring of structural integrity. Moreover, Lamb wave and electromechanical impedance methods are increasingly used for structural health monitoring applications due to their high sensitivity and effectiveness in detecting damage. However, these techniques require transducers to be permanently attached to structures because of the usage of baselines recorded under the condition without damage. In this study, a reusable piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate transducer for monitoring corrosion damage on the aluminum plate is introduced, which can be removed from the test specimen and reused with the repeatability of signals. The reusable piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate transducer is bonded on the aluminum plate using the ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer with an aluminum enclosure. A series of experiments are conducted on an aluminum plate, including the investigation for repeatability of signals and the capability of corrosion detection of the designed piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate transducer through the Lamb wave and electromechanical impedance methods. The simulated corrosion defect with the area of 15 × 15 mm2 is detected during experiments. The experimental results confirm that the reusable piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate transducer can effectively evaluate the corrosion damage to plate structure and can be reused many times.

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Structural Damage Detection Based on Fuzzy LS-SVM Integrated Quantum Genetic Algorithm

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.20-23.1365 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 20-23 ◽

pp. 1365-1371 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jian Hong Xie

Keyword(s):

Genetic Algorithm ◽

Support Vector Machine ◽

Fuzzy Logic ◽

Damage Detection ◽

Health Monitoring ◽

Structural Damage ◽

Least Square ◽

Support Vector ◽

Structural Damage Detection ◽

Quantum Genetic Algorithm

Structural damage detection and health monitoring is very important in many applications, and a key related issue is the method of damage detection. In this paper, Fuzzy Least Square Support Vector Machine (FLS-SVM) is constructed by combining Fuzzy Logic with LS-SVM, and a real-coded Quantum Genetic Algorithm (QGA) is applied to optimize parameters of FLS-SVM. Then, the method of FLS-SVM integrated QGA is used to detect damages for fiber smart structures. The testing results show FLS-SVM possesses the higher detecting accuracy and the bitter dissemination ability than LS-SVM under the same conditions, and the parameters of FLS-SVM can be effectively optimized by the real-coded QGA. The proposed method of FLS-SVM integrated QGA is effective and efficient for structural damage detection.

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Detection of Small Damage of Beam Structures Based on the Slope of Proper Orthogonal Mode

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.4457 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 97-101 ◽

pp. 4457-4460

Author(s):

Dan Sheng Wang ◽

Ying Bo Zhang ◽

Hai Ping Yang ◽

Hong Ping Zhu

Keyword(s):

Damage Detection ◽

Health Monitoring ◽

Structural Damage ◽

Detection Method ◽

Numerical Study ◽

Structural Damage Detection ◽

Beam Structures ◽

Study Results ◽

The Difference ◽

Proper Orthogonal

In recent two decades, the issues on structural damage detection and health monitoring have been paid considerable attention in mechanical and civil engineering communities. A lot of researchers have developed many methods to try to resolve the problems. To this day, detection of the small damage of structures, however, has still been a difficulty. The correlation theories of proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and the basic principle of a new structural damage detection method based on the slope of POD are introduced in this paper. Numerical study on beam structures for small damage detection based on the proposed method is implemented. From the study results one can find that the method based on the slope of the difference of proper orthogonal modes (POMs) has the abilities to localize the small damage of beam structures.

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Detection and Characterization of Fatigue Induced Damage Using Electromechanical Impedance Technique

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.79-82.2031 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 79-82 ◽

pp. 2031-2034 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Chee Kiong Soh ◽

Yee Yan Lim

Keyword(s):

Damage Detection ◽

Fatigue Damage ◽

Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽

Crack Detection ◽

Tensile Load ◽

Lead Zirconate ◽

Electromechanical Impedance ◽

Zirconate Titanate ◽

Impedance Technique

In this paper, the feasibility of damage detection and characterization using the EMI technique on high cycles fatigue induced damage is investigated. Cyclic tensile load is applied on a lab sized aluminium beam up to failure. Piezo-impedance transducer in the form of PZT patch (lead zirconate titanate) is surface bonded on the specimen for crack detection. Progressive shift in admittance signatures measured by the PZT patch corresponding to increase of loading cycles reflects effectiveness of the EMI technique in tracing the process of fatigue damage progression.

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Experimental investigations on seismic damage monitoring of concrete dams using distributed lead zirconate titanate sensor network

Advances in Structural Engineering ◽

10.1177/1369433216660002 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 170-179 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yu Zhang ◽

Xin Feng ◽

Zhe Fan ◽

Shuang Hou ◽

Tong Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Damage Detection ◽

Sensor Network ◽

Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽

Detection System ◽

Lead Zirconate ◽

Seismic Damage ◽

Earthquake Ground Motion ◽

Concrete Dams ◽

Zirconate Titanate ◽

Damage Monitoring

Seismic damage detection of concrete dams has always attracted much attention in hydraulic structure community. In this article, a novel seismic damage detection system was developed to perform seismic damage monitoring in concrete dams. As its importance in achieving the dam damage detection, the arrangement of a distributed lead zirconate titanate sensor network was introduced in detail. A dam model system with a distributed lead zirconate titanate sensor network was used as an object for verification. A shaking table was used to simulate the earthquake ground motion for the object to be tested. The seismic damage detection system could be used in not only the seismic damage process monitoring by measuring the dynamic stress history but also the distributed detecting of the dam damaged region. By analyzing the sensor signals, the emergence and development of the structural damages could be monitored timely. A damage index matrix was presented to evaluate the damage status of the dam in different paths. The experimental results verified the timeliness and the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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