scholarly journals Piloting the Play Cycle Observation Method in ‘real time’: Recording children’s Play Cycles in pre-school provision

2020 ◽  
pp. 1476718X2096985
Author(s):  
Pete King ◽  
LaDonna Atkins ◽  
Brandon Burr
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Real Time ◽  
School Setting ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Children's Play ◽  
Observational Tool ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
And Training

The Play Cycle Observation Method (PCOM) is an observational tool developed to focus on the process of play and has shown good reliability when watching videos of children playing. This study piloted use of the PCOM in ‘real time’ in a pre-school setting where 3-year-old children play. The results from two independent observers not familiar with the concept of the Play Cycle or the PCOM found good inter-rater reliability using Cohen Kappa (k) when observing play cues to form play cycles, as well as observing play cues within established play cycles. In addition, the recording of the nature of the play cues and play returns, the play frame and how the play cycle finishes (annihilation) were shown to be consistent between the two inter-rater observers. The results of this pilot study indicate the PCOM can be used as an observational tool to record the process of play by both students and practitioners working in a range of contexts including playwork, childcare, early years and statutory education. The PCOM can also be used as a teaching and training aid for trainers and lecturers.

Intra- and inter-rater reliability of the Behaviour Mapping Schedule: A direct observational tool for classifying children’s play behaviour

2021 ◽  
pp. 183693912098276
Author(s):  
Kylie A Dankiw ◽  
Katherine L Baldock ◽  
Saravana Kumar ◽  
Margarita D Tsiros
Keyword(s):  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Children's Play ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Observational Tool ◽  
Play Behaviour ◽  
Children’S Play ◽  
Training Resources

Identifying and describing children’s play behaviours is an important component of evaluating child development. The Behaviour Mapping Schedule is a direct observational tool which aims to describe and quantify children’s play behaviours but is yet to undergo reliability testing. This study aimed to determine the intra- and inter-rater reliability of the Behaviour Mapping Schedule. Twelve children aged 3–5 years were each video recorded for one 20-minute playtime period at a purposively selected Community Children’s Centre in Adelaide, South Australia. The video recordings were coded independently by two raters against 23 behaviour codes. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated. Intra-rater ICCs for nearly 70% of the behaviour codes were considered ‘excellent’; likewise, for inter-rater ICCs on more than 50% of the behaviour codes. Overall, the Behaviour Mapping Schedule is a reliable tool for observing children’s play behaviour; however, additional training resources may be useful to further strengthen inter-rater reliability.

Feasibility of an iPhone-based application for knee joint goniometry during gait in a stroke patient (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Nava ◽  
Patrizio Sale ◽  
Vittorio Leggero ◽  
Simona Ferrante ◽  
Cira Fundaro' ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Stroke Patient ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Maximum Extension ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Hemiparetic Gait ◽  
Flexion Extension

BACKGROUND In recent years, different smartphone apps have been validated for joint goniometry, but none for goniometric assessment of gait after stroke. OBJECTIVE The aims of our work were to assess:1) to assess intra-rater reliability of an image-based goniometric app – DrGoniometer- in the measurement of the extension, flexion angles and range of motion of the knee during the hemiparetic gait of a stroke patient; (2) its validity comparing to the reference method (electrogoniometer) for flexion-extension excursion measurements; and the intra-rater agreement in the choice of the video frames. METHODS An left-hemiparetic inpatient following haemorrhagic stroke was filmed using the app while walking on a linear path. An electrogoniometer was fixed on the medial face of the affected knee in order to record the dynamic goniometry during gait. Twenty-one raters, blinded to measurements, were recruited to rate knee angle measurements from video acquired with DrGoniometer. Each rater repeated the same procedure twice, the second one at least one day after the first measure. RESULTS Results showed that flexion angle measurements are reliable (ICC95%=0.66, 0.34;0.85; SEM=4°), and adequately precise (CV=14%). Extension angles measurements demonstrated moderate reliability and higher degree of variation (ICC=0.51, 0.09;0.77; SEM 4°; CV=53%). ROM values were: ICC=0.23 (-0.21;0.60); CV=20%. Accuracy of DrGoniometer compared to the electrogoniometer was 7.3±4.7°. The selection of maximum extension frame revealed an accordance of 58% and 72% within a range of ±5 or ±10 frames, respectively; while the best flexion frame reported 86% of agreement for both range of 5 and 10 frames. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated moderate to good reliability concerning the maximum extension and flexion angles, while assessing ROM DrGoniometer showed poor intra-rater reliability. Flexion angle measurements seemed to be reliable according to ICC and SEM values and more precise with a limited dispersion of results DrGoniometer revealed a good accuracy in the measurement of range of motion. The agreement of the maximal extension frame was anyway adequate within 5 frames (59%) and noticeably increased within 10 frames (72%). In conclusion, DrGoniometer was found to be a valid and reliable method for assessing knee angles during hemiparetic gait. Further studies are necessary to investigate inter-rater reliability and confirm our results.

Real‐time air monitoring of occupational exposures to particulate matter among hairdressers in Maryland: A pilot study

Indoor Air ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Shao ◽  
Lucy Kavi ◽  
Meleah Boyle ◽  
Lydia M. Louis ◽  
Walkiria Pool ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Air Monitoring

Comparison of simulation observer tools on engagement and maximising learning: a pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Johnston ◽  
Naomi Tutticci ◽  
Karen Theobald ◽  
Joanne Ramsbotham
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Reasoning ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Reasoning Ability ◽  
Main Study ◽  
Standard Observer ◽  
Learning Behaviours ◽  
And Training

Abstract Objectives This pilot study examined if the Clinical Reasoning Observer Worksheet (CROW) compared to a standard observer worksheet used during simulation, would enhance nursing students active learning behaviours and perceptions of clinical reasoning ability. Methods This pilot study was undertaken to test the design and processes for a future larger study and reports on preliminary evidence of efficacy of recruitment procedures and instrumentation in addition to student’s learning outcomes. Results There was little overall difference in outcomes between groups who used either simulation observer worksheet. Overall, participants who used either worksheet perceived their ability to apply clinical reasoning to an episode of patient care increased. Conclusions Modifications were identified as necessary for a larger study including changes to instrumentation, method of survey delivery and training of simulation facilitators. A more definitive evaluation will be achievable with a larger group of students in a main study with the suggested modifications.

Treatment of Aggressive Behavior in Dementia With the Anticonvulsant Topiramate: A Retrospective Pilot Study

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benny Fhager ◽  
Inga-Maj Meiri ◽  
Magnus Sjögren ◽  
Åke Edman
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Extrapyramidal Side Effects ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Careful Treatment ◽  
And Training ◽  
Low Dosage

Aggressive behavior in dementia often has a severe impact on the quality of life of the patient and the caregivers, and is therefore important to handle. The strategy of treatment should be broad. Nonpharmacological interventions, including environmental adjustments and supporting and training the caregivers, should always be considered. Pharmacological treatment of aggressive behavior in patients with dementia often includes the use of neuroleptics. The atypical compounds clozapine, risperidone, and olanzapine have been shown to have an effect on aggressive behavior at low dosage with limited extrapyramidal side effects. The anticonvulsants carbamazepine and sodium valproate are further alternatives. In treatment-resistant cases, buspirone or lithium may be tried, although the effect of these substances on aggressive behavior in dementia has not been well established. In the end, however, a considerable degree of aggressive behavior sometimes remains after careful treatment trials, particularly in patients with severe aggressive behavior. In addition, treatment is sometimes limited by side effects.

Validity and reliability of a wearable-controlled serious game and goniometer for telemonitoring of wrist fracture rehabilitation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henriëtte A. W. Meijer ◽  
Maurits Graafland ◽  
Miryam C. Obdeijn ◽  
Marlies P. Schijven ◽  
J. Carel Goslings
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
Wrist Fracture ◽  
Serious Game ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Flexion Extension

Abstract Purpose To determine the validity of wrist range of motion (ROM) measurements by the wearable-controlled ReValidate! wrist-rehabilitation game, which simultaneously acts as a digital goniometer. Furthermore, to establish the reliability of the game by contrasting ROM measurements to those found by medical experts using a universal goniometer. Methods As the universal goniometer is considered the reference standard, inter-rater reliability between surgeons was first determined. Internal validity of the game ROM measurements was determined in a test–retest setting with healthy volunteers. The reliability of the game was tested in 34 patients with a restricted range of motion, in whom the ROM was measured by experts as well as digitally. Intraclass-correlation coefficients (ICCs) were determined and outcomes were analyzed using Bland–Altman plots. Results Inter-rater reliability between experts using a universal goniometer was poor, with ICCs of 0.002, 0.160 and 0.520. Internal validity testing of the game found ICCs of − 0.693, 0.376 and 0.863, thus ranging from poor to good. Reliability testing of the game compared to medical expert measurements, found that mean differences were small for the flexion–extension arc and the radial deviation-ulnar deviation arc. Conclusion The ReValidate! game is a reliable home-monitoring device digitally measuring ROM in the wrist. Interestingly, the test–retest reliability of the serious game was found to be considerably higher than the inter-rater reliability of the reference standard, being healthcare professionals using a universal goniometer. Trial registration number (internal hospital registration only) MEC-AMC W17_003 #17.015.

Comparing Reliability Between 3D Imaging And 2D Photography For External Nasal Anthropometry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoon-Soo Seo ◽  
Ki-Hun Jo ◽  
Jun-Sang CHA ◽  
Joo-Yeon Kim ◽  
Jae-Hwan Kwon
Keyword(s):  
3D Imaging ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Angular Parameter ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Imaging Result ◽  
External Nose ◽  
2D And 3D

Abstract Background: This study investigates and compare the reliability and reproducibility of two facial anthropometric methods about external nasal angles, 3D imaging and conventional 2D photography. Methods: 2D photograph images and 3D images about external nose of 30 volunteers were taken using digital camera and Morpheus 3D scanner. To evaluate intra-rater reliability, each images were taken over two different days for each subject by the same researcher. To evaluate inter-rater reliability, another researcher took each images for each subject on the first day. The reliability of each method for measuring 4 external nasal angle is obtained using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and compared.Results: Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of both 3D imaging and 2D photography had excellent agreement in all 4 nasal angles. In the nasofacial angular parameter, Inter-rater ICC, 2D photography was significantly higher than 3D imaging. Result of intra-rater ICC also showed both 3D imaging and 2D photography had good reliability in all 4 nasal angles. Similar to those of inter-rater ICC, nasofacial angular parameter showed statistically significant differences between 3D imaging and 2D photography.Conclusion: In terms of reliability, both 2D and 3D showed appropriate anthropometric results and considering its own advantage, each methods can be used complementarily.

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