Does the Introduction of Online Voting Create Diversity in Representation?

2021 ◽  
pp. 147892992110644
Author(s):  
Michael J Wigginton ◽  
Daniel Stockemer
Keyword(s):  
Political Communication ◽  
Research Note ◽  
Canadian Province ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Internet Voting ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Online Voting

The Internet’s effect on political communication is omnipresent. However, very few jurisdictions around the globe allow their citizens to cast their ballot online. What are the electoral consequences of this reform? Research, so far, has mainly looked at security considerations and effects on turnout. In this research note, we broaden the scope of prior studies by examining the effect of online voting on diversity in representation. Using the voting results of municipalities in the Canadian province of Ontario both before and after the implementation of online voting, we test whether this reform has increased the representation of women and youth. We do not find that Internet voting has any significant impact on which candidates are elected, with both the gender and age of elected mayors being constant across online and traditional elections. We further find that the number of woman candidates does not increase with online voting.

Pulmonary Function in Pubertal Synchronized Swimmers: 1-year Follow-up Results and Its Relation to Competitive Achievement

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goran Gabrilo ◽  
Mia Peric ◽  
Marija Stipic
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Synchronized Swimming ◽  
Before And After

Pulmonary function (PF) is particularly important in synchronized swimming, considering the characteristics of this sport. However, the sanitizing agents (chlorine) used in pools can have a possible negative influence on the PF parameters. In this study, we observed 24 swimmers (all women, 14 to 16 years of age) and measured their PF and competitive achievement. PF was measured before and after a 1-year period and included standard spirometric variables. Competitive achievement was evidenced during the National Championship. The t-test showed significant increases in body height and weight of the participants and a resulting increase in most of the absolute respiratory flows and pulmonary capacities. Forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume (both in proportion to norm for body height, gender, and age) increased significantly within the study period. FVC significantly predicted the competitive achievement of young swimmers, most probably because artists have to achieve exceptional breath control when upside down underwater. In conclusion, we found no evidence for the eventual negative influence of chlorine and its compounds on the PF of swimmers, and results showed that regular synchronized swim training could improve the PF of young artists.

scholarly journals Serum Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Levels in Patients with Vasovagal Syncope

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 718
Author(s):  
Atıcı ◽  
Aciksari ◽  
Baycan ◽  
Barman ◽  
Sonsöz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asymmetric Dimethylarginine ◽  
Vasovagal Syncope ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Plasma Adma ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Head Up Tilt ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Relationship

Background and Objectives: Vasovagal syncope (VVS) is the most common cause of syncope and has multiple pathophysiological mechanisms. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is the major inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO). In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between plasma ADMA levels and syncope during the head-up tilt (HUT) test. Materials and Methods: Overall, 97 patients were included in this study. They were above 18 years of age and were admitted to our clinic with the complaint of at least one episode of syncope consistent with VVS. The HUT test was performed in all patients. Patients were divided into the following two groups based on the HUT test results: group 1 included 57 patients with a positive HUT test and group 2 included 35 patients with a negative HUT test. Blood samples were taken before and immediately after the HUT test to measure ADMA levels. Results: No significant intergroup differences were observed concerning gender and age (female gender 68% vs 60%; mean age 24.85 ± 4.01 vs 25.62 ± 3.54 years, respectively, for groups 1 and 2). ADMA values were similar between groups 1 and 2 before the HUT test [ADMA of 958 (544–1418) vs 951 (519–1269); p = 0.794]. In the negative HUT group, no significant differences were observed in ADMA levels before and after the HUT test [ADMA of 951 (519–1269) vs 951 (519–1566); p = 0.764]. However, in the positive HUT group, ADMA levels were significantly decreased following the HUT test [pretest ADMA of 958 (544–1418) vs post-test ADMA of 115 (67–198); p < 0.001]. Conclusion: ADMA levels significantly decreased after the HUT test in patients with VVS.

scholarly journals Studi Komunikasi Politik Legislator Perempuan Di DPRD Provinsi NTB

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hartin Nur Khusnia ◽  
Muhlis Muhlis ◽  
Tenri Waru
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
External Factors ◽  
The Political ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Female Politicians ◽  
Female Legislators ◽  
Internal And External Factors

Equality of rights and obligations between men and women has been textually stated and guaranteed by various regulations, both at international, national and local levels. However, this guarantee does not necessarily guarantee equality between men and women to actively participate in practical politics. The fact that the representation of women in legislator of the West Nusa Tenggara Province is still low, which a total of 65 members of the Regional House of West Nusa Tenggara Province Representatives for the 2014-2016 periode 6 female legislators and 59 male legislators. The object of this research study is the political communication of women's legislators in the Regional House of Representatives of West Nusa Tenggara Province. The results of interviews with research informants can be concluded that the political communication of female legislators in the Regional House of Representatives of West Nusa Tenggara Province runs effectively because it is influenced by internal and external factors. Internal factors are the personal abilities of female politicians in building positive self-concepts. While external factors are participatory political culture in both the legislative and political parties where politicians take shelter. Political communication activities carried out by women's legislators aim to influence political policy, especially policies related to women's empowerment in West Nusa Tenggara. And aims to establish the self-image of politicians and institutions, both political parties or legislative bodies.Keywords: Political Communication, Women's Legislators, the Regional House of Representatives of West Nusa Tenggara Province

scholarly journals Dinamika Komunikasi Politik Pada Pemilihan Presiden Di Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samsul Rani
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Presidential Candidate ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Presidential Candidates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Survey Results

The dynamics of political communication have occurred through phenomena before and after the presidential election in Indonesia, both conducted by political elites, party supporters, and the public to win the presidential candidates and vice-presidential candidates he supports. This can be seen from the form of political communication in the campaign, political attitudes in addressing the vote acquisition, and post-election political communication. Political communication through campaigns using digital media especially social media such as Twitter, Whatsapp, Facebook, Instagram, and other media has given a very significant influence in gaining public support, but negative campaigns and black campaigns (hoax) cannot be avoided, even to the legal sphere. Political communication at the end of the voting is stated through a victory speech through political speeches based on different survey results, namely quick count and exit poll. The speech added to the polemic about the validity and honesty in the implementation of the General Election because of the very significant difference in votes in Indonesia. Political communication on the determination of the results of the real count resulted in an unelected presidential candidate bringing the case to the realm of law namely the Constitutional Court court to cancel the victory of the elected presidential candidate. Political communication after the determination of the results of the elected election is that the elected president reconciles the non-elected presidential candidates to eliminate friction in the community. Besides, the coalition party supporting the elected president lobbied both fellow supporters and the elected president to get a ministerial position in the cabinet and the parliament.

scholarly journals Simulating Counterfactual Representation

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Eggers ◽  
Benjamin E. Lauderdale
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Modeling ◽  
Proportional Representation ◽  
House Of Commons ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Same Sex Marriage ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The U.S ◽  
State Delegations

We show how to use multilevel modeling and post-stratification to estimate legislative outcomes under counterfactual representation schemes that, for example, boost the representation of women or translate votes into seats differently. We apply this technique to two research questions: (1) Would the U.S. Congress be less polarized if state delegations were formed according to the principle of party proportional representation? (2) Would there have been stronger support for legalizing same-sex marriage in the U.K. House of Commons if Parliament more closely reflected the population in gender and age?

scholarly journals Where Are the Women? Descriptive Representation and COVID-19 in U.K. Daily Press Briefings

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 991-1000
Author(s):  
Jessica C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Specific Effect ◽  
Research Note ◽  
Descriptive Representation ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Daily Press ◽  
Female Politicians ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Cabinet Member

AbstractAs governments tackle the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, both the role of women in governments and the specific effect of the pandemic on women have come under scrutiny. This research note examines the descriptive representation of women in the U.K. government's response to the coronavirus. It finds that 43% of the government's daily press briefings featured an all-male lineup with no female politician or expert present. In particular, female politicians are missing, with only one female cabinet member ever leading the briefing. Women's (in)visibility raises concerns about the legitimacy of democratic decisions and likely has policy consequences: women's absence may exacerbate gendered inequalities resulting from the crisis.

scholarly journals Understudied factors contributing to variability in cognitive performance related to language learning

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 801-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine R. Long ◽  
Mariana Vega-Mendoza ◽  
Hannah Rohde ◽  
Antonella Sorace ◽  
Thomas H. Bak
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Language Experience ◽  
Attention Switching ◽  
Demographic Profiles ◽  
Switching Performance ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Attentional Performance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWhile much of the literature on bilingualism and cognition focuses on group comparisons (monolinguals vs bilinguals or language learners vs controls), here we examine the potential differential effects of intensive language learning on subjects with distinct language experiences and demographic profiles. Using an individual differences approach, we assessed attentional performance from 105 university-educated Gaelic learners aged 21–85. Participants were tested before and after beginner, elementary, and intermediate courses using tasks measuring i.) sustained attention, ii.) inhibition, and iii.) attention switching. We examined the relationship between attentional performance and Gaelic level, previous language experience, gender, and age. Gaelic level predicted attention switching performance: those in higher levels initially outperformed lower levels, however lower levels improved the most. Age also predicted performance: as age increased attention switching decreased. Nevertheless, age did not interact with session for any attentional measure, thus the impact of language learning on cognition was detectable across the lifespan.

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