scholarly journals p-HYDROQUINONE AND p-BENZOQUINONE AS HISTOCHEMICAL REAGENTS I. A NEW TETRAZOLIUM METHOD FOR AMINO GROUPS, AND THE MECHANISM OF FORMAZAN STAINING OF PARAFFIN AND FRESH FROZEN SECTIONS

1967 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 404-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. CARMICHAEL ◽  
STEPHANIE T. K. MANDER
Keyword(s):  
Electron Acceptor ◽  
Thermal Shrinkage ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
Amino Groups ◽  
Paraffin Sections ◽  
Tetrazolium Bromide ◽  
Acid Ph ◽  
Reduction System ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Fresh Frozen

The staining of amino groups by formazan when dehydrated paraffin sections are incubated in a mixture of hydroquinone and 3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazolyl-2)-2 ,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide at an acid pH is reported. The mechanism of this reaction and of the cytoplasmic deposition of formazan in fresh frozen sections incubated under similar conditions is investigated. It is shown that the oxidation of hydroquinone to semiquinone is responsible for the reaction, the tetrazole acting as electron acceptor. The tissue amino groups, exposed by dehydration and thermal shrinkage, and the nitrogen groupings of phosphobipid behave as "catalysts." The relevant properties of the hydroquinone-benzoquinone oxidation-reduction system are described, and the reactions between benzoquinone and tissue constituents are reviewed.

Imprints, Smears, and Frozen Sections of Brain Tumors

Neurosurgery ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc G. Reyes ◽  
Fayez M. Homsi ◽  
Larry W. McDonald ◽  
Roberta P. Glick
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Middle Fossa ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
Spinal Cord Tumors ◽  
Paraffin Sections ◽  
Intraoperative Diagnosis ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord

Abstract In this study, we compared the suitability and accuracy of imprints, smears, and frozen sections of suspected brain and spinal cord tumors of 150 patients. Eighty-six percent of the imprints, 91% of the smears, and 99% of the frozen sections were suitable for interpretation. Among the suitable preparations, 82% of the imprints, 92% of the smears, and 99% of the frozen sections agreed with our diagnosis on paraffin sections. Although frozen sections were clearly more accurate than imprints and smears, the latter two provided diagnoses in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome where frozen sections were not done to avoid contaminating our cryostat and in a patient with an epidermoid cyst of the middle fossa that could not be adequately frozen sectioned. Our study shows that imprints and smears complement frozen sections in the intraoperative diagnosis of tumors of the central nervous system.

METACHROMATIC LEUKO-ENCEPHALOPATHY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1064-1073
Author(s):  
Raymond F. Hain ◽  
Gerald D. LaVeck
Keyword(s):  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
Paraffin Sections ◽  
Mental Deterioration ◽  
Pathologic Findings ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Metachromatic Granules ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Formalin Fixed

Metachromatic leuko-encephalopathy is a familial degenerative disease of the central nervous system included with Schilder's disease as a type of diffuse cerebral sclerosis. The disease usually has its onset early in childhood and is characteried by progressive motor and mental deterioration with ataxia, muscular weakness, spasticity, optic atrophy, convulsions and finally dementia. The concentration of protein of the cerebrospinal fluid is frequently elevated. The pathologic findings consist of demyelination, destruction of axons, gliosis and the accumulation of metachromatic granules in the brain and other organs. The metachromasia can be demonstrated in formalin-fixed frozen sections with a toluidine blue stain. It is not demonstrable in paraffin sections. Histochemical studies indicate this abnormal material is probably a complex of glycolipids and protein. It has been reported elsewhere that early diagnosis can be established by demonstrating the metachromatic materials in urinary sediment or in a real biopsy. An illustrative case has been presented.

Expression of the Tumor-Associated Glycoproteins Mca, Ca 125 and Bw 495/36-P in Epithelial Tumors of the Kidney and the Urinary Bladder

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 224-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ammon ◽  
M.H. Weber ◽  
I. Wallner ◽  
N. Marschner ◽  
M. Droese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Transitional Cell ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Ca 125 ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
Paraffin Sections ◽  
Renal Cell Carcinomas ◽  
Bladder Carcinomas

The differential expression of the tumor-associated glycoproteins MCA, CA 125 and BW 495/36-P was investigated in 11 renal cell carcinomas and 11 urinary bladder carcinomas and compared with their expression in non-neoplastic tissue preparations from the kidney (n = 9) and urinary bladder (n = 12). The glycoproteins were demonstrated immunohistologically in frozen sections and additionally, in some cases, in paraffin sections. MCA and BW 495/36-P positive cells were present in all preparations except for a grade I transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, in which no MCA-expression could be detected. In the non-neoplastic renal tissue mainly the cells of the distal tubuli were stained by the antibodies against these two glycoproteins. Carcinoma cells of the kidney and of the urinary bladder showed an increased expression of both epitopes. CA 125, in comparison, was strongly expressed in 3 of the 11 urinary bladder carcinomas investigated but could only be shown in a few cells of a single renal cell carcinoma. Normal renal tissue showed no and the urinary bladder only very isolated CA 125 positive epithelial cells. Apart from this distribution, strong staining of the connective tissue fibers with CA 125 antibody was seen in all paraffin sections, but not in the frozen sections. This leads to the supposition that in these structures there is a CA 125 cryptantigen. The consistent expression of MCA as well as the virtual lack of CA 125 in the renal cell carcinomas are in contrast with our previous serological results, in which patients with metastatic renal cell carcinomas showed increased CA 125 in approx. 50% of cases whereas only approx. 20% had increased MCA serum levels.

Effect of bacterial endotoxemia on succinic dehydrogenase of liver and kidney of rabbit

1961 ◽  
Vol 201 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Cascarano ◽  
A. D. Rubin ◽  
A. K. Neumann ◽  
B. W. Zweifach
Keyword(s):  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Tissue Homogenates ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Lethal Doses

The in vivo inhibition of liver and kidney succinic dehydrogenase by administration of lethal doses of bacterial endotoxin ( Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhosa) was investigated. Quantitative determinations conducted on tissue homogenates revealed significant inhibition of activity only in liver of rabbits injected with E. coli lipopolysaccharide. The histochemical distribution of succinic dehydrogenase in fresh frozen sections of kidney was the same in both control and experimental animals. However, the centrolobular areas of liver appeared considerably depressed in activity in both E. coli and S. typhosa endotoxin-treated animals. These data, along with those presented by other studies in the literature, suggest that the action of endotoxin appears to be restricted to certain cells.

scholarly journals Cytokeratin on Frozen Sections of Sentinel Node May Spare Breast Cancer Patients Secondary Axillary Surgery

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Specht Stovgaard ◽  
Tove Filtenborg Tvedskov ◽  
Anne Vibeke Lænkholm ◽  
Eva Balslev
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Sentinel Node ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Frozen Section ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
Paraffin Sections ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Diagnostic Values

Background. The feasibility and accuracy of immunohistochemistry (IHC) on frozen sections, when assessing sentinel node (SN) status intraoperatively in breast cancer, is a matter of continuing discussion. In this study, we compared a center using IHC on frozen section with a center not using this method with focus on intraoperative diagnostic values. Material and Methods. Results from 336 patients from the centre using IHC intraoperatively were compared with 343 patients from the center not using IHC on frozen section. Final evaluation on paraffin sections with haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining supplemented with cytokeratin staining was used as gold standard. Results. Significantly more SN with isolated tumor cells (ITCs) and micrometastases (MICs) were found intraoperatively when using IHC on frozen sections. There was no significant difference in the number of macrometastases (MACs) found intraoperatively. IHC increased the sensitivity, the negative predictive value, and the accuracy of the intraoperative evaluation of SN without decreasing the specificity and positive predictive value of SN evaluation. Conclusions. IHC on frozen section leads to the detection of more ITC and MIC intraoperatively. As axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) is performed routinely in some countries when ITC and MIC are found in the SN, IHC on frozen section provides valuable information that can lead to fewer secondary ALNDs.

Microvessel quantification in benign and malignant ovarian tumors

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
S. J. Amis ◽  
S. D. Coulter-Smith ◽  
J. C. Crow ◽  
A. B. Maclean ◽  
C. W. Perrett
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Image Analyzer ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
Paraffin Sections ◽  
Fixed Tissue ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Willebrand Factor ◽  
Microvessel Counts ◽  
Histologic Subtypes

Microvessel density (MVD) in 92 paraffin sections of ovarian samples of different histologic subtypes was correlated with microvessel counts from 58 corresponding frozen sections. Anti-human von Willebrand factor antibody was used as an endothelial marker. MVD was performed in neovascular hotspots using a Quantimet 500+ Image Analyzer. The highest vessel density (HVD) and average vessel density (AVD) of three fields at the × 200 and × 400 magnification were recorded. There was a strong correlation between the HVD and AVD at the × 200 and × 400 magnifications when comparing fixed with frozen sections (correlation coefficients at × 200 for the HVD was 0.37, P = 0.005 and AVD was 0.30, P = 0.02; correlation coefficients at × 400 for the HVD was 0.38, P = 0.003 and AVD was 0.37, P = 0.004). In the fixed tissue, the HVD and AVD at both these magnifications were significantly greater in the group containing functional cysts; this was also the case for the frozen sections. These findings are consistent with the development of a microcirculation necessary for the growth and maturation of such cysts, and this appears to be greater than that in tumors. The good correlation between MVD in fixed and frozen sections suggests that such observations represent a true reflection of ovarian angiogenesis in both physiologic and pathologic states.

Lipoproteins and Fibrinogen in Atherogenesis

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.W. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
Fibrin Monomer ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Arterial Intima

Previous work from this and other laboratories has shown that material antigenically related to the low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and to fibrinogen is demonstrable in atherosclerotic plaques. When arterial intima is extracted electrophoretically, ‘bound’ and ‘labile’ fractions of these antigens are in each case demonstrable. In the case of the “bound’ fraction of fibrinogen-related antigen (FRA) it has not been clear as to whether the material is in the form of native fibrinogen, as fibrin monomer, or as fibrin. To examine this problem fresh-frozen sections of arteries containing FRA have been examined by immunohistological techniques using antisera specific for fibrinogen, fibrinopeptides, plasmin and fibronectin. The results obtained with these antisera will be compared with one another and with results obtained with antisera to the antigens of LDL.

scholarly journals Granulomatous Pancreas: A Case Report of Pancreatic Sarcoid

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Bihun ◽  
Yanet Diaz ◽  
Seth Wenig
Keyword(s):  
Disease Process ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Quadrant Pain ◽  
Pancreatic Involvement ◽  
Pancreatic Masses ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
History Of ◽  
Head Of The Pancreas

Sarcoidosis is a chronic, systemic, noncaseating granulomatous disease process of unknown etiology. Sarcoidosis most commonly manifests in the lungs; however, gastrointestinal manifestations can occur. If in the GI tract, it is almost always found in the liver. Solitary pancreatic lesions are extremely rare, with less than 50 documented cases found in the literature. We present a case of a 61-year-old female, with a past medical history of sarcoidosis, who presented to the ER with unexpected weight loss, scleral icterus, right upper quadrant pain, and epigastric and back pain. US and MRI found a dilated common bile duct and mild dilation of the pancreatic duct, as well as a focal prominence in the head of the pancreas surrounded by areas of atrophy. A pancreaticoduodenectomy procedure was performed and fresh frozen sections were taken. The pathologist made a diagnosis of nonnecrotizing granulomatous pancreatitis. Pancreatic sarcoid is often asymptomatic and a benign finding on autopsy; however, clinicians should be mindful of pancreatic involvement when working up differential diagnosis for pancreatic masses.

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