Integrating the Theory of Planned Behavior With Norm Activation in a Pro-Environmental Context

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-258
Author(s):  
Budi Setiawan ◽  
Adi Zakaria Afiff ◽  
Ignatius Heruwasto
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Social Marketing ◽  
Moral Obligation ◽  
Environmental Context ◽  
Social Pressure ◽  
Personal Norms ◽  
The Social ◽  
Personal Norm

Background: The theory of planned behavior (TPB) is one of the famous theories used to predict a person’s intentions in various contexts, using the subjective normative component. This article, therefore, focused on proposing a conceptual model to fill the existing gaps related to the pro-environmental context, based on the TPB, with the normative aspects supplemented by incorporating the norm activation theory (NAT). Focus of the Article: The interaction between subjective and personal norms needs to be considered in order to acquire empirical data support from social marketing scholars. The awareness of consequences is used to form personal norms that function as an “instrumental attitude” in predicting intention. The existence of attitude needs to be distinguished between the experiential and instrumental, reflected in the awareness of consequences. Program Design/Approach: Pro-environmental behavior (PEB) in the context of waste sorting is a shared function of intentions, personal norm, and perceived control. It plays an important role in mediating the influence of motivational factors of TPB and personal norm of NAT, on waste sorting. Communication strategies in promoting waste sorting activity have to integrate social pressure with a feeling of moral obligation. Importance to the Social Marketing Field: The conceptual model shows that the integration of TPB and NAT contributes a more comprehensive perspective for social marketers to promote the waste sorting behavior of the targeted society. Methods: Five essential stages are systematically arranged to integrate TPB and NAT. The first stage explains the basic equation of TPB and NAT. The second proposes three essential propositions. The third provides logical thinking of the integrated equation model, while the fourth stage creates the visual form and explains it in detail. The fifth stage provides a clear and concise managerial implication and limitation of the model, accompanied by the possibility to expand it in future studies. Recommendations for Research or Practice: The social marketing practitioners and academicians interested in the issue of PEB context from the community, need to consider the integration of TPB and NAT in their activities. Social pressure within the community is strengthened by the formation of a sense of moral obligation with the simultaneous strengthening of the experiential and instrumental attitude. Limitations: The proposed conceptual model is limited to the utilization of a cultural approach as the central premise. It is also limited to the use of the fundamental theory in predicting humans’ behavior in a waste sorting context.

scholarly journals Impact of Internal Cognitive Factors on Social Entrepreneurial Intention

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Syed Mazahir Kazmi ◽  
Ali Hammad ◽  
Arslan Ahmed ◽  
Salman Zulfiqar
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Moral Obligation ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
The Social

This aim of the study is to recognize the social entrepreneurial intention among youth who are the business undergraduate, graduate and professional students in Pakistan and China using the theory of planned behavior. 355 respondents from business Pakistani and Chinses universities using 54 item questionnaire. Systematized random sampling was employed to collect data. 72% (N = 256) of the respondents were male, and 28% (N = 98) were female, and most of the respondent's age range between 20 to 35 of age. To measure the intention and attitude of youth towards social entrepreneurship using emotional intelligence and moral obligation with Theory of planned behavior. The result demonstrates that the hypothesized research model of study describes 46% of the variance, which explains social entrepreneurship intention. Results indicate that emotional Intelligence a significant relationship with self-efficacy and attitude where it has a positive relationship with social norms but is not significant. Conversely, the moral obligation has a significant positive relationship with attitude, self-efficacy and social norms which leads towards social entrepreneurship. Research study focuses and contributes to the social entrepreneurship literature using new antecedents using emotional intelligence and moral obligation to measure the development of social entrepreneurial intention.

Validating the Theory of Planned Behavior Model Extended to Social Marketing Behavioral Enhancers Using Structural Equation Modeling

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-296
Author(s):  
Lutete Christian Ayikwa ◽  
Johan W. De Jager ◽  
Dion Van Zyl
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Social Marketing ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
The Social ◽  
Aids Knowledge ◽  
Aids Information ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: This study addresses the HIV/AIDS epidemic that constitutes a major health issue in South Africa, the country most burdened by the virus in the world. Focus of the Article: It is an empirical study that investigates predictive behavioral patterns between traditional components of the theory of planned behavior and the previously identified social marketing behavioral enhancers and intentions to perform preventative sexual behaviors promoted under the Abstinence, Being faithful, and Condomize campaign. Research Question: The main question this study attempts to answer is: Is it relevant to increase the theory of planned behavior components by incorporating the social marketing behavioral enhancers’ variables to design programs that successfully influence individuals to adhere to the preventative sexual behaviors? Importance to the Social Marketing Field: Results will tell social marketers, through design programs fighting the spread of the HIV set within a theory of planned behavior theoretical framework, which of the social marketing behavioral enhancers are worth integrating into their model to induce behavioral change. Methods: Theory of planned behavior models extended to social marketing behavioral enhancers for abstinence, faithfulness, and condom use were used as theoretical frameworks to test how well they are good fits of the empirically manifested structural models. Gauteng was chosen, because three of the five metropolitan municipalities with a HIV prevalence greater than 10% are located in this province. Data were collected by means of questionnaires administered to a sample chosen randomly, using a multi-stage stratification method. A quota was determined for each suburb or city considered according to the size of its population compared to the overall Gauteng population to ensure representativeness of the study’s sample. Results: The study’s theoretical frameworks fitted the data well, but results also revealed insignificant causal relationships between HIV/AIDS knowledge and all Abstinence–Being faithful–Condomize intentions. Similarly, no predictive relationships were found between accessibility to HIV/AIDS information and intention to use condoms, while attitudes toward abstinence and condom use were insignificant with their respective intentions. However, their positive correlations with predictive variables suggest that they influence intentions indirectly. Recommendation for Research: Researchers are invited to conduct further studies to test the model in a different context. Indeed, this study does not investigate whether relationships between HIV/AIDS knowledge, accessibility to HIV/AIDS information, and attitudes toward abstinence and condom use would remain insignificant or that it could not change over time in a research ground other than Gauteng. Opportunities should be explored to augment the traditional theory of planned behavior components by variables other than the social marketing behavioral enhancers, in order to build a more robust model that will incorporate more significant factors to design successful programs. Limitations: Collecting data from only one province constitutes a limitation in terms of drawing conclusions for the whole South African population.

scholarly journals A Pilot Research on the Intention to Engage in Digital Piracy of Movies in Kerala

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S4) ◽  
pp. 192-196
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Film Industry ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Digital Piracy

Digital Piracy is steadily growing issue due to the rapid advancement of technology. The Indian film industry is plagued by this issue for many years. This study strives to understand the intention of people who indulge in digital piracy of movies using the theory of planned behavior. It tries to enhance the model by including other antecedents such as moral judgment and self control. A sample of 70 people was selected and Exploratory Factor Analysis and multiple regression was done. It was determined that attitude and self-efficacy had a highly significant relationship with intention to engage in digital piracy of movies. Also Moral judgment was added to the model of theory of planned behavior and a final conceptual model was created.

An Investigation of the Theory of Planned Behavior and the Role of Moral Obligation in Tax Compliance

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna D. Bobek ◽  
Richard C. Hatfield
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Peer Influence ◽  
Moral Obligation ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Two Phases

In this study, Ajzen's (1991) Theory of Planned Behavior is used as a theoretical framework to extend prior research examining taxpayers' compliance intentions. Specifically, moral obligation is added to the theory's explicit constructs: attitude, subjective norms (i.e., peer influence), and perceived behavioral control. Moral obligation was expected to be a moderating influence (Reckers et al. 1994), and therefore interaction effects were hypothesized. The study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, a procedure was used to determine the outcome beliefs that underlie taxpayers' attitudes. These beliefs were incorporated into an attitude measure used in the second phase in which subjects responded to two of three tax-compliance scenarios. The data from phase two were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression. The results indicate that the model including moral obligation, provides a significant explanation of tax noncompliance in the three different scenarios. However, the interaction effect of moral obligation appears to be more complex than the relationship suggested by Reckers et al. (1994).

Social workers’ adaptation in times of pandemic crisis: A Hong Kong case

2021 ◽  
pp. 002087282110645
Author(s):  
Henry Wai Hang Ling ◽  
Michelle Shum ◽  
Chi Kin Kwan ◽  
Mingdie Xu
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
The Social ◽  
Group Sessions ◽  
New Situation

Through the lens of the theory of planned behavior, this article explores how social workers adapt to a new situation due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Three focus group sessions were conducted with 23 social workers from child and youth, family, and elderly services in Hong Kong. Three major themes were generated: (1) repositioning the social work profession, (2) renegotiating contracts with funders, and (3) exploring novel intervention methods. Implications of the findings are discussed. To ensure social workers can respond effectively in crises, an evolving nature of the profession is advocated to enshrine its spirit to serve.

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