scholarly journals Youth Internet Safety Education: Aligning Programs With the Evidence Base

2020 ◽  
pp. 152483802091625 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Finkelhor ◽  
Kerryann Walsh ◽  
Lisa Jones ◽  
Kimberly Mitchell ◽  
Anne Collier
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Safety Education ◽  
Internet Safety ◽  
Prevention Education ◽  
Online Fraud ◽  
Dating Abuse ◽  
Evidence Based Programs ◽  
Google Search

Background: This review critically examines the messages of youth internet safety education programs in the light of research about both the dynamics of internet dangers and the efficacy of youth prevention education. Methods: Using terms “internet safety education” and “digital citizenship,” a Google search identified 12 multi-topic safety programs. Review articles were identified via Google Scholar for six forms of online harm to youth that have been targeted by many of these programs: cyberbullying (19 articles); online sexual exploitation (23 articles); sexting (19 articles); online fraud, hacking, and identity theft (6 articles); online suicide and self-harm promotion (18 articles); and internet overuse or addiction (15 articles). Findings: There appear to be mismatches between dynamics revealed in the research about internet harms and the messages emphasized in educational programs, particularly on the issues of sexual exploitation and sexting. Overall, the review literature also suggests major advantages to integrating internet safety into already well-established and evidence-based programs currently addressing related off-line harms, for example, programs focusing on general bullying, dating abuse, or sexual abuse prevention. The advantages stem from four factors: (1) the considerable overlap between online harms and similar off-line harms, (2) the apparent greater prevalence of off-line harms, (3) the evidence that the same risk factors lie behind both online and off-line harms, and most importantly, (4) the substantially superior evidence base for the longer standing programs developed originally around the off-line harms.

Human Trafficking in Scotland

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Korin Lebov
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Female Victims

This paper reports on interview-based research carried out to improve the evidence base around human trafficking in Scotland. It aims to construct a more detailed national picture of the nature and extent of the phenomenon while also examining the issues and challenges for policing and victim care in a Scottish context. In total, 79 individuals believed to be victims of human trafficking came into contact with agencies in Scotland between April 2007 and March 2008. The majority of cases involved adult female victims who had been trafficked into sexual exploitation. Overall, this research echoes the message of that carried out in other jurisdictions: human trafficking is a complex area of policing and victim care with many challenges.

scholarly journals School Road Safety Education in Uganda: Progress and Lessons Learned

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Tumwine Nkuruho ◽  
Cuthbert Isingoma ◽  
Teresa Senserrick
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
National Curriculum ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Safety Education ◽  
Safety Skills

The Uganda Road Accident Reduction Network Organisation (URRENO) is a non-profit, non-government organisation (NGO) mandated in 1997. From a modest pilot project funded by the World Bank in 2003, it has become a leader in the development, implementation and advocacy for road safety education in primary schools across Uganda. Through URRENO efforts, the pilot program was adopted as the national curriculum and was shown to improve students’ road safety skills and behaviours and reduce their involvement in crashes from 15% to 5%. Many other related worthwhile initiatives followed, including: improvements in pedestrian facilities; integrated road safety publicity and enforcement campaigns; and expansion of road safety NGOs to supplement Government efforts. Lessons learned of value for like organisations include: striving to collect and analyse data to attain a project evidence base; building strong partnerships with influential individuals, community groups, businesses and Government stakeholders; adopting participatory approaches in which stakeholders and beneficiaries play significant roles in project implementation; and building capacities and empowering beneficiaries. URRENO continues in its efforts to strengthen and further roll-out the road safety education curriculum across Uganda, following evidence that transfers of trained teachers has contributed to decayed expertise and attention to road safety, particularly among schools in rural areas. URRENO will continue to strive to empower young people to learn and strengthen their capacity in road safety, to grow out of dependence and become independent safe road users.

scholarly journals Making Evidence-Based Interventions Relevant for Users: A Comparison of Requirements for Dissemination Readiness Across Program Registries

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-83
Author(s):  
Pamela R. Buckley ◽  
Abigail A. Fagan ◽  
Fred C. Pampel ◽  
Karl G. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Implementation Support ◽  
The Public ◽  
Support Materials ◽  
Improve Child Health ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
Evidence Based Programs

This study compares prevention program registries in current use on their level of support for users seeking to implement evidence-based programs. Despite the importance of registries as intermediaries between researchers and the public, and although previous studies have examined how registries define their standards for methodological soundness and evidence of efficacy, little research has focused on the degree to which registries consider programs’ dissemination readiness. The result is that registry users are uncertain whether listed programs and their necessary support materials are even available for implementation. This study evaluates 11 publicly and privately funded prevention registries that review the evidence base of programs seeking to improve child health and prosocial outcomes on the degree to which they use dissemination readiness as an evidentiary criterion for rating programs, and the extent and type of information they provide about dissemination readiness to support real-world implementation. The results show wide variability, with few having standards about dissemination readiness or making evidence-based information about interventions easily accessible to users. Findings indicate the need for registries to (1) do more to assess dissemination readiness before including programs on their website and (2) offer more complete information on dissemination readiness and implementation support to users.

scholarly journals A Public Health Approach to Global Child Sex Trafficking

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 481-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Greenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Sex Trafficking ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Public Health Approach ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
Child Sex Trafficking

Human trafficking and child sex trafficking and sexual exploitation in particular are global public health issues with widespread, lasting impacts on children, families, and communities. Traditionally, human trafficking has been treated as a law enforcement problem with an emphasis on the arrest and prosecution of traffickers. However, use of a public health approach focuses efforts on those impacted by exploitation: trafficked persons, their families, and the population at large. It promotes strategies to build a solid scientific evidence base that allows development, implementation, and evaluation of prevention and intervention efforts, informs policy and program development, and guides international efforts at eradication. This article uses the public health approach to address human trafficking, with a focus on child sex trafficking and exploitation. Recommendations are made for public health professionals to contribute to antitrafficking efforts globally.

Utilising the arts to tackle child sexual exploitation

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Claire Cody
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Community Safety ◽  
Creative Arts ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Child Sexual Exploitation ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Potential Use

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to consider the potential use of creative, arts-based methods to address child sexual exploitation (CSE) through connecting with and supporting young people affected by CSE; and engaging the wider community through awareness-raising and education to help keep young people safe. The use of the arts in building understanding, promoting agency, educating and countering negative portrayals of those affected by CSE are also explored. Design/methodology/approach – A literature review identified that there is currently a limited evidence-base surrounding the use of arts in addressing the negative outcomes for young people affected by CSE and promoting the inclusion and safety of young people in the community. To explore the potential use of the arts in engaging young people and the communities they inhabit, this paper draws from research with other “hard to engage” and stigmatised groups, and learning from efforts to tackle other sensitive and challenging issues that impact on communities. Findings – The paper suggests that despite the relatively young evidence base concerning the role of creative, arts-based methods to tackle CSE, there is relevant transferable learning that suggests that there is potential in utilising the arts to help prevent CSE and promote community safety. Research limitations/implications – There is a clear need to consider the ethical implications of this work and to further examine how the arts may be utilised to tackle CSE and bring about positive outcomes for both individuals and for the wider community. Originality/value – The paper brings together bodies of literature from other fields to explore the potential use of creative arts-based methods to tackle a significant contemporary issue of community safety.

scholarly journals A study of cybercrime victimisation and prevention: exploring the use of online crime prevention behaviours and strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-33
Author(s):  
Jacqueline M. Drew
Keyword(s):  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Prevention Education ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Attitudinal Factors ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
Education And Awareness ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The evolution of digital technology has changed the way in which we, as a global society, socialise and conduct business. This growth has led to an increasing reliance on technology, much more interconnectedness and in turn, an expansion of criminal opportunities, known now as “cybercrime”. This study aims to explore the experience of victimisation, perceptions of cybercrime and use of online crime prevention strategies. Design/methodology/approach The study involved a survey of a representative sample of the adult Australian population. The study sample was made up of 595 Australian adult participants. The study seeks to better understand how previous victimisation, perception of cybercrime prevalence and perception of harm caused by cybercrime are related to the use of online crime prevention strategies. It seeks to contribute to a body of work that has found that crime prevention education focused on increasing knowledge is limited in its effectiveness in reducing victimisation. Findings This study identifies key levers, in particular perceived prevalence and harm of cybercrime, as critical in the use of online crime prevention strategies by potential victims. Research limitations/implications As such, this study provides an important evidence base on which to develop more effective online crime prevention education and awareness campaigns to reduce cybervictimisation. Practical implications The practical implications include the relationship between cybervictimisation and self-protective online strategies of potential victims and the development of more effective online crime prevention programmes. Originality/value The research takes a different perspective from much of the previous research, seeking to better understand how attitudinal factors (perceived prevalence of cybercrime and perceived harm of cybercrime) might motivate or influence the use of online crime prevention strategies by potential victims.

scholarly journals Map the apps: a rapid review of digital approaches to support the engagement of older adults in strength and balance exercises

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa McGarrigle ◽  
Elisabeth Boulton ◽  
Chris Todd
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older People ◽  
Balance Training ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Behaviour Change Techniques ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Balance Exercises ◽  
Google Search

Abstract Background Exercise interventions, particularly those targeting strength and balance, are effective in preventing falls in older people. Activity levels are generally below recommended levels and reduce with age. There is concern that exercise levels may be further reduced in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Digital approaches may offer a means for older people to engage in strength and balance exercises independently in their own homes. The objective of this review was to identify and evaluate existing apps and websites to support independent engagement in strength and balance exercises by older people. Methods We conducted a rapid review of apps and websites, following PRISMA guidelines. We searched for available apps in the Android and iOS app stores, and performed a database search (MEDLINE and EMBASE) for apps in development. We searched for websites using the Google search engine. Apps and websites were evaluated in terms of existing evidence for effectiveness, use of behaviour change techniques (BCTs), and quality. Results We evaluated 13 apps and 24 websites on the basis of our selection criteria. Considering the evidence-base, quality and BCT scores, four apps and six websites are recommended for use by older people who wish to engage in exercise independently in their own homes. No apps or websites have been to RCT evaluation at the time of review. Conclusions Apps and websites have the potential to provide a convenient, cost-effective, and accessible means for many older adults to engage in strength and balance training and reduce falls risk.

scholarly journals Internet safety education for youth: stakeholder perspectives

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan A Moreno ◽  
Katie G Egan ◽  
Kaitlyn Bare ◽  
Henry N Young ◽  
Elizabeth D Cox
Keyword(s):  
Safety Education ◽  
Internet Safety ◽  
Stakeholder Perspectives

Luring Lolita: The Age of Consent and the Burden of Responsibility for Online Luring

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-364
Author(s):  
Andrea Slane
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Sexual Expression ◽  
Internet Safety ◽  
Sexual Autonomy ◽  
Online Interactions ◽  
Age Of Consent ◽  
Older Youth ◽  
Social Anxieties ◽  
The One

This article argues that sexual exploitation is the underlying harm that online luring offences should address, but that social anxieties about youth online sexuality have obscured this underlying harm. Through analyzing North American Internet safety materials and Canadian luring case law, the author finds that on the one hand risks of luring are generalized and on the other limited only to victims under the age of consent. The result is that very often older youth are made responsible for their own victimization, while younger ones are assumed to be victimized and hence denied avenues to sexual expression. By neglecting to analyze online interactions for the dynamics of exploitation, we do a disservice to older youths who are exploited while denying sexual autonomy to youth under the age of consent.

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