The Neglect of Left-Behind Children in China: A Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 152483802091683
Author(s):  
Yu-Jie Wen ◽  
Wen-Peng Hou ◽  
Wei Zheng ◽  
Xi-Xi Zhao ◽  
Xue-Qi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Emotional Neglect ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Medical Neglect ◽  
Conflict Tactics Scales ◽  
Physical Neglect

Objective: To evaluate the neglect of left-behind children (LBC) in China. Method: Participants: Children separated from one or both parents for at least 6 months. Intervention: Trauma of separation. Comparison: Non-left-behind children (NLBC). Outcomes: Neglect rates and severity. Only case–control studies were included. Results: Thirteen studies were included; there were 18,688 LBC in a large sample ( N = 42,003) of children aged 0–18 years in China. The overall neglect rate was significantly higher in LBC compared to NLBC (odds ratio [ OR] = 1.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.50, 1.67], p < .01) based on the Chinese Rural Child Neglected Evaluation Model (CRCNEM) and the Parents–Child Conflict Tactics Scales ( OR = 1.44, 95% CI [1.35, 1.54], p < .01). The overall neglect severity in LBC was also significantly higher than NLBC ( SMD = 0.31, 95% CI [0.28, 0.33], p < .01). The same trends were observed in sex subgroups. With regard to subtypes, LBC were significantly more likely to have emotional neglect ( OR = 2.29, 95% CI [1.88, 2.78], p < .01), medical neglect ( OR = 1.79, 95% CI [1.62, 1.98], p < .01), physical neglect ( OR = 1.75, 95% CI [1.60, 1.91], p < .01), security neglect ( OR = 1.52, 95% CI [1.32, 1.75], p < .01), educational neglect ( OR = 1.50, 95% CI [1.31, 1.72], p < .01), and social neglect ( OR = 1.33, 95% CI [1.18, 1.51], p < .01). Furthermore, LBC had significantly higher severity in medical neglect ( SMD = 0.31, 95% CI [0.27, 0.35], p < .01), emotional neglect ( SMD = 0.28, 95% CI [0.24, 0.32], p < .01), physical neglect ( SMD = 0.24, 95% CI [0.18, 0.29], p < .01), security neglect ( SMD = 0.26, 95% CI [0.23, 0.29], p < .01), educational neglect ( SMD = 0.25, 95% CI [0.20, 0.31], p < .01), and social neglect ( SMD = 0.25, 95% CI [0.10, 0.40], p < .01). Conclusion: The neglect rates and severity in LBC in China were both significantly higher than those in NLBC. There was a strong association between neglect and LBC. Public policy changes are urgently needed to improve the dire situation and the well-being of the LBC.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Periconceptional High-Dose Folic Acid in Isolated Orofacial Cleft Prevention: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (02) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajshree Jayarajan ◽  
Anantharajan Natarajan ◽  
Ravindranathan Nagamuttu
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Case Control ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Case Control Studies

Abstract Background The effectiveness of folic acid in prevention of neural tube defects has been well established. Periconceptional supplementation of folic acid in low doses has been shown to be effective in some studies on its efficacy in prevention of occurrence of clefts. There are few studies on high-dose folic acid for prevention of occurrence and recurrence of clefts in high risk cases and the overall consensus based on these is not available. Objectives The aim of this review is to assess whether high-dose folic acid supplementation during the periconceptional period reduces the risk of occurrence of nonsyndromic clefts and recurrence in high-risk cases. Search Methods Search was conducted in the various databases and trial registers. There were no restrictions in the search with regards to language, study setting, or date of publication. Results The search yielded four studies—one randomized control trial, two prospective control trials, and a case–control surveillance on screening 401 articles. The three case–control studies were specifically on recurrence of clefts in high risk cases. The heterogeneity of the studies prevented conduction of a meta-analysis. But results of the studies demonstrate a strong association between high-dose folic acid and isolated nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL±CP). But such an effect is weak with regards to isolated cleft palate (CP). Conclusions With the limited evidence available, our conclusion is that high-dose folic acid probably has a role in prevention of recurrence of isolated CL±CP in high-risk individuals, but not CP.

Early Childhood Neglect Among 3- to 6-Year-Old Children in China: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483802110131
Author(s):  
Huiping Zhang ◽  
Mengmeng Ji ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Shuo Xu ◽  
Rui Shi
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
China National Knowledge Infrastructure ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Childhood Neglect ◽  
Knowledge Infrastructure ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Medical Neglect

Background: This review aims to estimate the prevalence of the neglect of 3- to 6-year-old children in China. Method: We systematically searched both English- (Web of Science, PsychINFO, PubMed, and Cochrane Library) and Chinese-language databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, Weipu, and Biomedical Database). We extracted data related to the prevalence of early childhood neglect and its subtypes and pooled it using random effects models. Findings: We included 21 eligible studies, with a total of 35,175 3- to 6-year-old children, in the analyses. The pooled neglect prevalence was 32.1% at a 95% confidence interval (95% CI [27.0%, 37.2%]). The prevalence of physical, emotional, educational, security, and medical neglect was 15.2% (95% CI [11.9%, 18.5%]), 15.2% (95% CI [10.7%, 19.6%]), 10.4% (95% CI [7.4%, 13.4%]), 13.8% (95% CI [9.9%, 17.8%]), and 11.5% (95% CI [8.1%, 14.9%]), respectively. No gender or location differences were found to affect early childhood neglect or its subtypes. Interpretation: Our results revealed a high prevalence of early childhood neglect—including all its subtypes—among 3- to 6-year-old children in China. Improved child policies and prevention programs tailored to preschool children are needed to protect the well-being of younger children.

Population-Based Estimates of Associations Between Child Maltreatment Types: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483802110305
Author(s):  
Maya Matsumoto ◽  
Hannah A. Piersiak ◽  
Mia C. Letterie ◽  
Kathryn L. Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Emotional Neglect ◽  
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽  
Physical Neglect ◽  
Shared Risk ◽  
Report Measure

Although it is accepted that experiences of child maltreatment are multidimensional and often include several correlated but distinct experiences, many clinical and research decisions regarding exposure and treatment do not consider their potential overlap or potential independence. The purpose of this meta-analysis—using a single retrospective self-report measure, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), in population-representative samples—was to investigate the magnitude and specificity of associations between forms of child maltreatment. A systematic review of studies available on PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar was conducted, resulting in the inclusion of nine journal articles, 11 independent samples, and 25,415 participants. Data were converted from Pearson correlations to Z statistics and pooled using a random effects model. All maltreatment types were positively and significantly associated. Effect sizes varied from medium to large, with (1) physical abuse and emotional abuse ( Z = 0.72, 95% CI [.48, .96]), (2) physical neglect and emotional neglect ( Z = 0.62, 95% CI [.43, .81]), and (3) emotional abuse and emotional neglect ( Z = 0.54, 95% CI [.35, .72]) demonstrating the strongest associations. These analyses provide evidence of the associations between types of child maltreatment, indicate the likelihood of shared risk, and point to characteristics that may link different types of maltreatment. These findings have important clinical implications as they may help guide comprehensive screening for associated maltreatment types as well as intervention and prevention efforts. Limitations include the relatively few studies included and those associated with the CTQ—a retrospective, self-report measure that does not account for the concurrence of experiences.

Population-based estimates of associations between child maltreatment type: A meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Matsumoto ◽  
Hannah Piersiak ◽  
Mia Letterie ◽  
Kathryn Leigh Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Emotional Neglect ◽  
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽  
Physical Neglect ◽  
Shared Risk

Context: There is growing interest in better understanding the specificity and magnitude of associations between child maltreatment types in the general population. Objective: To investigate patterns of covariation between child maltreatment types by meta-analyzing studies that assessed experiences of maltreatment using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) in population-representative samples. Data Sources: A systematic review of studies available on PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar was conducted. The bibliographies of studies identified were assessed using forward and backward searching.Study Selection: Included studies used the CTQ, a population-representative sample, and had available data to calculate effect sizes. Data Extraction: Data were converted from pearson correlations to Z statitics, and pooled using a random-effects model.Results: All maltreatment types were positively and significantly associated with one another. Effect size estimates varied from medium to large effects, with (1) physical abuse and emotional abuse (Z = 0.72, 95% CI [.48, .96]); (2) physical neglect and emotional neglect (Z = 0.62, 95% CI [0.43, 0.81]); and (3) emotional abuse and emotional neglect (Z = 0.54, 95% CI [0.35, 0.72]) demonstrating the strongest associations. Limitations: Limitations include the relatively few number of studies included, exclusion of other types of adversity, and those associated with the CTQ—a retrospective, self-report measure that does not account for the concurrence of experiences.Conclusions: These analyses provide important evidence of the associations between types of child maltreatment. The pattern of associations indicate the likelihood of shared risk and point to potential characteristics that may link different types of maltreatment.

Childhood trauma and internet addiction predict depression on left behind adolescents

2021 ◽  
pp. 002072092110020
Author(s):  
Xue Dong ◽  
Fang Su ◽  
JiaYu Du ◽  
Yahua Hu ◽  
ZhengHong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Emotional Neglect ◽  
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Physical Neglect

Objective Parents’ labor migration has resulted in a great quantity of Left Behind Adolescents (LBA) in China. This study aims to examine if childhood trauma and internet addiction does predict depression on LBA in comparison to Non-Left Behind Adolescents (NLBA) in China. Methods Participants in the study includes a sample of 1890 adolescents aged 12 to 27, including 102 LBA and 1399 NLBA in China. All participants completed the self-report questionnaires, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-28), Internet Addiction Test (IAT), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Results There was a significant difference in IAT and CTQ between LBA and NLBA (P < 0.05). The frequent childhood trauma type was physical neglect (48%), followed by emotional neglect (32.3%). Males reported higher levels of emotional and physical abuse and physical neglect than female counterparts in LBA. The prevalence of depression (23.5%) and internet addiction (29.4%) were higher among LBA than NLBA. There were no significant differences in depression (p > 0.05). There were positive correlations between CTQ (except emotional neglect), BDI, and IAT. Multiple linear regressions indicated that emotional abuse and neglect, internet addiction, and poor academic performance were significant predictors for depression among LBA. Conclusion Childhood trauma and internet addiction were directly related to symptoms of depression in LBA, There is an urgent need for targeted interventions for LBA to prevent negative mental health outcomes.

scholarly journals Association of Helicobacter Pylori babA2 gene and Gastric Cancer Risk: A Meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marce-Amara Kpoghomou ◽  
jinchen Wang ◽  
Tianpei Wang ◽  
Guangfu Jin
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
South American ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
H Pylori

Abstract Background The association of H. pylori babA2 gene with gastric cancer (GC) was proposed by several studies, but the results have been inconsistent. Objective of this meta-analysis was to investigate the association of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori ) babA2 gene and gastric cancer (GC) risk.Methods Studies evaluated the association between H. pylori babA2 gene and GC risk were collected from PubMed databases. A meta-analysis of case-control studies was used. The pooled ORs with 95% CIs were used to calculate the effect of H. pylori babA2 gene effect on GC risk.Results Twenty studies were identified with a total of 747 GC and 1597 controls. Infection with H. pylori babA2 gene was associated with an increased risk of GC by 1.46 fold (95% CI: 1.19-1.77, P=0.001) . In subgroup analysis, borderline association was found among South American and strong association was found among Asian population, with pooled OR of 1.38 (95% CI: 0.97-1.95, P=0.068 ) and 1.50 (95% CI: 1.16-1.93, P=0.002 ) respectively.Conclusions This meta-analysis validated that H. pylori babA2 gene may be associated with increased risk of GC. And positive association was found among Asian population.

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