Adolescents’ Perceptions of Tobacco Control Measures in the United Kingdom

Most reported cases of human monkeypox occur in Central and West Africa, where the causing virus is endemic. We describe the identification and public health response to an imported case of West African monkeypox from Nigeria to the United Kingdom (UK) in May 2021. Secondary transmission from the index case occurred within the family to another adult and a toddler. Concurrent COVID-19-related control measures upon arrival and at the hospital, facilitated detection and limited the number of potential contacts.

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Federalism and Multilevel Governance in Tobacco Policy: the European Union, the United Kingdom, and Devolved UK Institutions

Journal of Public Policy ◽

10.1017/s0143814x09000993 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 79-102 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

BOSSMAN ASARE ◽

PAUL CAIRNEY ◽

DONLEY T. STUDLAR

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

United Kingdom ◽

Tobacco Control ◽

Control Policy ◽

Multilevel Governance ◽

Tobacco Policy ◽

The European Union ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

The Uk ◽

The Eu

ABSTRACTMost studies of tobacco control policy focus on the central level of national governments. Yet within the European Union, three levels of government have responsibilities for tobacco control: the EU; the central governments of member states; and provinces or devolved levels of government. This article examines the role of each in the formation of tobacco policy in the United Kingdom. It compares the theory of regulatory federalism with multilevel governance as explanations for tobacco regulatory policy within the EU. While executive-legislative fusion in the United Kingdom leads to the practice of discretionary federalism, the EU provides mixed support for the theory of regulatory federalism. There is significant policy innovation in the UK and its devolved territories as well as limited policy authority for tobacco control in the EU. Overall, multi-level governance (MLG) may be a superior, albeit incomplete, explanation of tobacco control within the EU and the UK.

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Effects of the 2003 advertising/promotion ban in the United Kingdom on awareness of tobacco marketing: findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey

Tobacco Control ◽

10.1136/tc.2005.013110 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 15 (suppl_3) ◽

pp. iii26-iii33 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

F Harris

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Tobacco Control ◽

Tobacco Marketing ◽

The United Kingdom

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An outbreak of foodborne botulism associated with contaminated hazelnut yoghurt

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268800047403 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 104 (3) ◽

pp. 389-395 ◽

Cited By ~ 102

Author(s):

M. O'Mahony ◽

E. Mitchell ◽

R. J. Gilbert ◽

D. N. Hutchinson ◽

N. T. Begg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

General Public ◽

Clostridium Botulinum ◽

Control Measures ◽

Type B ◽

Faecal Specimen ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Foodborne Botulism

SUMMARYThe largest recorded outbreak of foodborne botulism in the United Kingdom occurred in June 1989. A total of 27 patients was affected; one patient died. Twenty-five of the patients had eaten one brand of hazelnut yoghurt in the week before the onset of symptoms. This yoghurt contained hazelnut conserve sweetened with aspartame rather than sugar.Clostridium botulinumtype B toxin was detected in a blown can of hazelnut conserve, opened and unopened cartons of hazelnut yoghurt, and one faecal specimen.Cl. botulinumtype B was subsequently cultured from both opened and unopened cartons of the hazelnut yoghurt and from one faecal specimen. Investigations indicated that the processing of the conserve was inadequate to destroyCl. botulinumspores. Control measures included the cessation of all yoghurt production by the implicated producer, the withdrawal of the firm's yoghurts from sale, the recall of cans of the hazelnut conserve, and advice to the general public to avoid the consumption of all hazelnut yoghurts.

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The impact of changing nicotine replacement therapy licensing laws in the United Kingdom: findings from the International Tobacco Control Four Country Survey

Addiction ◽

10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02641.x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 104 (8) ◽

pp. 1420-1427 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Lion Shahab ◽

K. Michael Cummings ◽

David Hammond ◽

Ron Borland ◽

Robert West ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Replacement Therapy ◽

Tobacco Control ◽

Nicotine Replacement Therapy ◽

Nicotine Replacement ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

The Impact ◽

Licensing Laws

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Challenges of investigating a large food-borne norovirus outbreak across all branches of a restaurant group in the United Kingdom, October 2016

Eurosurveillance ◽

10.2807/1560-7917.es.2019.24.18.1800511 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (18) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mari Morgan ◽

Vicky Watts ◽

David Allen ◽

Daniele Curtis ◽

Amir Kirolos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Control Measures ◽

The European Union ◽

Preparation Methods ◽

Public Health Agencies ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Analytical Studies ◽

Food Borne ◽

Retrospective Cohort Studies ◽

And Control

During October and November 2016, over 1,000 customers and staff reported gastroenteritis after eating at all 23 branches of a restaurant group in the United Kingdom. The outbreak coincided with a new menu launch and norovirus was identified as the causative agent. We conducted four retrospective cohort studies; one among all restaurant staff and three in customers at four branches. We investigated the dishes consumed, reviewed recipes, interviewed chefs and inspected restaurants to identify common ingredients and preparation methods for implicated dishes. Investigations were complicated by three public health agencies concurrently conducting multiple analytical studies, the complex menu with many shared constituent ingredients and the high media attention. The likely source was a contaminated batch of a nationally distributed ingredient, but analytical studies were unable to implicate a single ingredient. The most likely vehicle was a new chipotle chilli product imported from outside the European Union, that was used uncooked in the implicated dishes. This outbreak exemplifies the possibility of rapid spread of infectious agents within a restaurant supply chain, following introduction of a contaminated ingredient. It underlines the importance of appropriate risk assessments and control measures being in place, particularly for new ingredients and ready-to-eat foods.

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Tax Compliance in the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America: Forcing and Encouraging Lawful Conduct of Taxpayers

Russian Law Journal ◽

10.17589/2309-8678-2019-7-1-4-54 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 4-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Elena Ovcharova ◽

Kirill Tasalov ◽

Dina Osina

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Tax Compliance ◽

The United States ◽

Control Measures ◽

Tax Legislation ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

The Usa ◽

History Of ◽

Entire History ◽

Lawful Conduct

The article is devoted to the consideration of the system for the tax authorities to assess tax risks and to prevent tax law violations. The work focuses on how the tax authorities affect the conduct of taxpayers through “soft law,” disclose information about their approach towards understanding tax risks and enforce a system of measures to ensure compliance. Tax compliance is analysed in the article as good-faith and lawful conduct of a taxpayer, which is formed under the influence of a system of, at the same time, preventive and incentive measures. This article considers tax compliance issues in Russia, the United Kingdom and the USA, not so much as a consequence of the voluntary actions of the taxpayer, but as a consequence of the conditions that are set for a taxpayer by the administrative action of tax authorities. To do this, the approaches of the tax authorities to defining the criteria for tax risks and the procedure for assessing them are analysed, as is the effect of these approaches on the subsequent implementation of tax control measures, while the system of enforcement measures and incentives for taxpayers to comply with tax legislation are examined. Tax compliance is the most desirable regime for the state, but in the entire history of taxation no jurisdiction has been able to achieve full tax collection solely based on a persuasive method. At the same time, owing to the limited resources of tax administrations, in practice there is no real opportunity to examine absolutely every taxpayer. For specifically this reason, a risk-based approach to carrying out tax control with a reasonable combination of both incentive measures and the enforcement of compliance with tax legislation is becoming increasingly relevant. The authors consider the implementation of a risk-based approach and its effect on tax compliance, on the choice of tax control measures, and on depth and scope in terms thereof, using the example of the experience of Russia, the United Kingdom and the USA. The article also pays special attention to an analysis of incentive measures and the enforcement of tax compliance in these jurisdictions.

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The COVID-OUT study protocol: COVID-19 outbreak investigation to understand workplace SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the United Kingdom

Wellcome Open Research ◽

10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17015.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 201

Author(s):

Yiqun Chen ◽

Christina Atchison ◽

Barry Atkinson ◽

Chris Barber ◽

Allan Bennett ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

United Kingdom ◽

Current Control ◽

Control Measures ◽

Outbreak Investigation ◽

Transmission Risk ◽

Surface Sampling ◽

Control Approach ◽

The United Kingdom

Preventing SARS-CoV-2 transmission and protecting people from COVID-19 is the most significant public health challenge faced in recent years. COVID-19 outbreaks are occurring in workplaces and evidence is needed to support effective strategies to prevent and control these outbreaks. Investigations into these outbreaks are routinely undertaken by public health bodies and regulators in the United Kingdom (UK); however, such investigations are typically disparate in nature with a lack of consistency across all investigations, preventing meaningful analysis of the data collected. The COVID-OUT (COVID-19 Outbreak investigation to Understand Transmission) study aims to collect a consistent set of data in a systematic way from workplaces that are experiencing outbreaks, to understand SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk factors, transmission routes, and the role they play in the COVID-19 outbreaks. Suitable outbreak sites are identified from public health bodies. Following employer consent to participate, the study will recruit workers from workplaces where there are active outbreaks. The study will utilise data already collected as part of routine public health outbreak investigations and collect additional data through a comprehensive questionnaire, viral and serologic testing of workers, surface sampling, viral genome sequencing, and an environmental assessment of building plans, ventilation and current control measures. At each site, a detailed investigation will be carried out to evaluate transmission routes. A case-control approach will be used to compare workers who have and have not had SARS-CoV-2 infections during the outbreak period to assess transmission risk factors. Data from different outbreaks will be combined for pooled analyses to identify common risk factors, as well as factors that differ between outbreaks. The COVID-OUT study can contribute to a better understanding of why COVID-19 outbreaks associated with workplaces occur and how to prevent these outbreaks from happening in the future.

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