Strong Impact of Interviewers on Respondents’ Political Choice

Field Methods ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-170
Author(s):  
Renáta Németh ◽  
Alexandra Luksander
Keyword(s):  
Limited Attention ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Political Preference ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Interviewer Effects ◽  
Party Choice ◽  
Party Preference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Do So

Despite much literature on interviewer effects, limited attention has been paid to party preference surveys, although the effect is expectedly strong in this field. This article analyzes interviewer effects in a face-to-face political survey. Specifically, we are interested in whether the interviewer’s own party preference has an effect on the respondent’s party choice. We used cross-classified two-level logistic regression models with median odds ratio as effect size. We found four main results: (1) Place of residence significantly affects political preference, but interviewers do so to the same degree; (2) the size of these effects is comparable to those of demographic characteristics of the respondent; (3) interviewers’ political preference has an effect and it does not disappear once controlled for obvious interviewer characteristics; and (4) the impact of political preference is such that respondents tend to have a preference similar to that of their interviewers.

Representing the Disadvantaged

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina F. McNally
Keyword(s):  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Institutional Characteristics ◽  
Disadvantaged Group ◽  
Marginalized Groups ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fresh Insight ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Do So

The limited attention Congress gives to disadvantaged or marginalized groups, including Black Americans, LGBTQ, Latinx, women, and the poor, is well known and often remarked upon. This is the first full-length study to focus instead on those members who do advocate for these groups and when and why they do so. Katrina F. McNally develops the concept of an 'advocacy window' that develops as members of Congress consider incorporating disadvantaged group advocacy into their legislative portfolios. Using new data, she analyzes the impact of constituency factors, personal demographics, and institutional characteristics on the likelihood that members of the Senate or House of Representatives will decide to cultivate a reputation as a disadvantaged group advocate. By comparing legislative activism across different disadvantaged groups rather than focusing on one group in isolation, this study provides fresh insight into the tradeoffs members face as they consider taking up issues important to different groups.

scholarly journals Impact of the Flipped Classroom Method in the Mathematical Area: A Systematic Review

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2162
Author(s):  
Francisco-Domingo Fernández-Martín ◽  
José-María Romero-Rodríguez ◽  
Gerardo Gómez-García ◽  
Magdalena Ramos Navas-Parejo
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Flipped Classroom ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Do So

Currently, the use of technology has become one of the most popular educational trends in Higher Education. One of the most popular methods on the Higher Education stage is the Flipped Classroom, characterised by the use of both face-to-face and virtual teaching through videos and online material, promoting more autonomous, flexible and dynamic teaching for students. In this work, we started to compile the main articles that used Flipped Classroom within the mathematical area in Higher Education, with the aim of analysing their main characteristics, as well as the impact caused on students. To do so, the method of systematic review was used, focusing on those empirical experiences published in Web of Sciences and Scopus. The results indicated that, in most cases, the implementation of Flipped Classroom led to an improvement in students’ knowledge and attitudes towards mathematical content and discipline. In addition, aspects such as collaborative work, autonomy, self-regulation towards learning or academic performance were benefited through this method.

scholarly journals How Do Biotech Cluster Firms Catch Knowledge Spillovers? The Strong Impact Of The Institutional Mechanisms

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1187-1204
Author(s):  
Najoua Boufaden
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Spillovers ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Regional Innovation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Critical Resources

This paper deals with the nature of the mechanisms supporting knowledge spillovers diffusion in high-tech clusters. The literature in the geography of innovation focuses on the existence of local knowledge spillovers, which are enhanced by geographic and technological proximity. However, the mechanisms explaining the diffusion of spillovers are not well understood. If knowledge spillovers exist, how does this knowledge diffuse among the actors? Do spillovers spread in the air, as suggested by Marshall? Or, are there mechanisms that explain their dissemination? Based on a firm survey data base and an original methodology, the paper explores the determinants of knowledge spillovers. The paper has twofold purposes; the first one is to determine the main mechanisms within a region enabling the diffusion of spillovers. The second objective is measuring the impact of these main mechanisms on firm’s innovation performance, indicating which of these mechanisms are more effective in transporting knowledge spillovers between agents. The results show new empirical evidences on the role played by institutions[1] in the dissemination of externalities. However, informal mechanisms, such as face-to-face contacts commonly stressed in the literature, have no significant and negative effects in this case. [1] Institutions are defined here as a kind of structures that matter in structuring social interactions (Hogdson, 2006). Institutions can enable or constraint choices and actions. So it can enhance agent behaviors and actions that otherwise would not exist. According to this definition, formal institutions supporting R&D and innovation activities of SMEs in the biotech industry can enable or constraint actions of these firms regarding accessibility to critical resources available in a given region such as knowledge, information, finance, etc. Finally, we can assume that Institutions structures can explain variation in regional innovation performance.

scholarly journals Linking Twitter and Survey Data: The Impact of Survey Mode and Demographics on Consent Rates Across Three UK Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 517-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek Al Baghal ◽  
Luke Sloan ◽  
Curtis Jessop ◽  
Matthew L. Williams ◽  
Pete Burnap
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Data Linkage ◽  
Survey Mode ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Unit Nonresponse ◽  
Twitter Data ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Large Representative ◽  
Do So

In light of issues such as increasing unit nonresponse in surveys, several studies argue that social media sources such as Twitter can be used as a viable alternative. However, there are also a number of shortcomings with Twitter data such as questions about its representativeness of the wider population and the inability to validate whose data you are collecting. A useful way forward could be to combine survey and Twitter data to supplement and improve both. To do so, consent within a survey is first needed. This study explores the consent decisions in three large representative surveys of the adult British population to link Twitter data to survey responses and the impact that demographics and survey mode have on these outcomes. Findings suggest that consent rates for data linkage are relatively low, and this is in part mediated by mode, where face-to-face surveys have higher consent rates than web versions. These findings are important to understand the potential for linking Twitter and survey data but also to the consent literature generally.

scholarly journals Distance and Trust: An Examination of the Two Opposing Factors Impacting Adoption of Postal Voting Among Citizens Living Abroad

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Nemčok ◽  
Johanna Peltoniemi
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Postal Service ◽  
Parliamentary Elections ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
State Office ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Do So

AbstractPostal voting intends to provide citizens residing abroad with a convenient voting technique to influence political representation in their country of origin. However, its adoption among individuals is dependent on two opposing factors. On the one hand, voting via post helps to overcome the increasing distance between a voter’s residency abroad and the nearest polling station organized by a diplomatic mission (mostly at an embassy or a consulate). On the other hand, this way of voting also requires enough trust that the postal service and designated state office will successfully deliver one’s vote to the ballot box because the result cannot be effectively verified without violation of the ballot secrecy. We examine the interaction of these two factors in an originally conducted survey among Finnish citizens residing abroad fielded shortly after the 2019 Parliamentary elections—the first occasion after Finland put postal voting into effect. Altogether, 664 respondents responded to all questions required for our specification of binomial logistic regression models controlling for various potential confounders. The results demonstrate that trust in postal voting moderates the impact of distance on one’s probability to adopt postal voting. While low-trusting emigrant voters remain largely indifferent regardless of the distance to the nearest polling station, medium-trusting non-resident citizens increasingly mail their ballots when the nearest polling station is more than 100 km away. High-trusting individuals begin to increasingly do so when they are ten to 30 km away.

Dialogue, Positionality and the Legal Framing of Ethnographic Research

2001 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 37-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Social Research ◽  
Mikhail Bakhtin ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Bias Power ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Research Context ◽  
Power Regulation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Do So

The question of positioning between the research Self and the research Other is a much discussed issue within qualitative research, especially within ethnographic approaches. Yet what is distinctive about many of these accounts is that they begin their respective analyses from a concrete level. In other words, many who champion placing their Self in the research process do so by focusing upon face-to-face encounters between their Self and the Other. This often entails a rejection of a positivist and objectivist informed accounts of social research in favour of a more humanist approach. This latter standpoint, humanism, is certainly interested in themes such as bias, power, regulation and domination constructed during the research process. But the structured, layered and ideological nature of the research context itself, namely its non-humanist properties, is often neglected in humanist explanations in favour of the more concrete interpretive moment. What this amounts to is a lack of sensitivity towards the positioning of Self and Other by the unobservable and ideological structures of a specific research context. As a result, discussion about the necessity of dialogue between all participants involved is one-sided. This closes down considerably the impact we, as researchers, have on a research context. In addition such a standpoint closes down the positioning effects of a research context upon our own research Self. By drawing upon the work of radical ethnographers and the discourse theorist Mikhail Bakhtin, this paper seeks to outline some of the problems that arise in humanist ethnographic accounts as regards positionality and dialogue. This opens the way for some observations about how ethnography might take into account ‘non-humanist’ structures such as the state, law and governance in capitalist societies in respect to the issues of positionality and dialogue. I flesh out these theoretical observations through a brief discussion of my own ethnographic experience researching Speakers’ Corner in London.

scholarly journals Can a partnership between general practitioners and ambulance services reduce conveyance to emergency care?

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 459-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Villarreal ◽  
Jonathan Leach ◽  
Kandala Ngianga-Bakwin ◽  
Jeremy Dale
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioners ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Routine Data ◽  
Models Of Care ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Dispatch System ◽  
Emergency Ambulance ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundEmergency services are facing increasing workload pressures, and new models of care are needed. We evaluate the impact of a service development involving a partnership between emergency ambulance crews and general practitioners (GPs) on reducing conveyance rates to the Hospital Emergency Department(ED) .MethodsThe service model was implemented in the West Midlands of England. Call handlers identified patients with needs that could be addressed by a GP using locally agreed criteria. GPs supported the assessment of such patients either at scene or by telephone. Routine data were collected from October 2012 to November 2013, from the ambulance service computer-aided dispatch system. Logistic regression models were used to determine the likelihood for patients being transported to ED.ResultsOf 23 395 emergency contacts during the evaluation period, 1903 (8.1 %) patients were triaged to GP supported assessment. Mean age (SD) was 61.8 (27.9) years; 42.9 % were aged 75 years and over. 1221 (64.2%) had face-to-face GP assessment and 682 (35.8%) via telephone. 1500 (78%) of those who received GP support were not transported to hospital. After controlling for confounders, those aged greater than 75 years (OR 0.67; 95% CI 0.52 to 0.86), and females (OR 0.64; 95% CI 0.51 to 0.82) were less likely to be transported, while those who received GP telephone input rather than face-to-face assessment were more likely to be transferred to an ED (OR 2.14; 95% CI 1.69 to 2.72).ConclusionSupport of the paramedic service by GPs enabled patients to avoid transfer to an ED, potentially avoiding subsequent hospital admission, reducing costs and improving quality of care for patients that are not in need of hospital services. However, use of services in the days following the call was not assessed, and hence the overall impact and safety requires further evaluation.

Alignment and empathy as viewpoint phenomena: The case of amplifiers and comical hypotheticals

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Feyaerts ◽  
Bert Oben ◽  
Helmut Karl Lackner ◽  
Ilona Papousek
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Unexpected Result ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
General Hypothesis ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Corpus Linguistic ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Clear Increase ◽  
Do So

AbstractThis contribution focuses on verbal amplifiers and comical hypotheticals in a corpus of face-to-face interactions. Both phenomena qualify as markers of a mental viewpoint expressing an (inter)subjective construal of a certain experience. Whereas amplifiers offer a straightforward view onto a speaker’s evaluative stance, comical hypotheticals provide an intersubjective account of a viewpoint construal. As part of their meaning, their use reveals a speaker’s assumption about the interlocutor willing to allow or participate in a particular type of interactional humor. Our research interest for these phenomena concerns their occurrence as well as their interactional alignment in terms of mimicry behavior. In order to capture the impact of both linguistic and psychological variables in the use of these items, we adopt a differentiated methodological approach, which allows to correlate findings from our corpus linguistic analysis with the values obtained for interpersonal difference variables. As our data consists of male dyads of which the participants never met before the beginning of their conversation, we expected to witness an increase, along with the growing familiarity among the interlocutors, in both the use and alignment of these viewpoint phenomena. Indeed, results show a clear increase in the use of both verbal amplifiers and comical hypotheticals over the course of the interaction and independently from the also observed overall increase of communicativeness. However, with respect to the alignment of both viewpoint phenomena, our study reveals a differentiated result. Participants aligned their use of verbal amplifiers with that of their partners over the course of the interaction, but they did not do so for comical hypotheticals. Yet, within the broader discussion of the experiment’s design, this unexpected result may still seem plausible with respect to our general hypothesis. Beyond the limits of this study, the set-up and results of our study nicely connect to recent research on empathy-related behavior in social neuroscience.

Transitioning to Blended Learning: Understanding Student and Faculty Perceptions

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nanette P. Napier ◽  
Sonal Dekhane ◽  
Stella Smith
Keyword(s):  
Blended Learning ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Liberal Arts ◽  
Faculty Perceptions ◽  
Liberal Arts College ◽  
Final Exam ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Faculty Teaching ◽  
Face To Face Instruction ◽  
The Impact

This paper describes the conversion of an introductory computing course to the blended learning model at a small, public liberal arts college. Blended learning significantly reduces face-to-face instruction by incorporating rich, online learning experiences. To assess the impact of blended learning on students, survey data was collected at the midpoint and end of semester, and student performance on the final exam was compared in traditional and blended learning sections. To capture faculty perspectives on teaching blended learning courses, written reflections and discussions from faculty teaching blended learning sections were analyzed. Results indicate that student performance in the traditional and blended learning sections of the course were comparable and that students reported high levels of interaction with their instructor. Faculty teaching the course share insights on transitioning to the blended learning format.

When Do Psychopathic Traits Affect Cooperative Behavior?: An Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma Experimental Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Testori ◽  
M Kempf ◽  
RB Hoyle ◽  
Hedwig Eisenbarth
Keyword(s):  
Prisoner's Dilemma ◽  
Cooperative Behavior ◽  
Prisoner’S Dilemma ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Iterated Prisoner’S Dilemma

© 2019 Hogrefe Publishing. Personality traits have been long recognized to have a strong impact on human decision-making. In this study, a sample of 314 participants took part in an online game to investigate the impact of psychopathic traits on cooperative behavior in an iterated Prisoner's dilemma game. We found that disinhibition decreased the maintenance of cooperation in successive plays, but had no effect on moving toward cooperation after a previous defection or on the overall level of cooperation over rounds. Furthermore, our results underline the crucial importance of a good model selection procedure, showing how a poor choice of statistical model can provide misleading results.

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