Transplant Professionals' Attitudes toward Facial Transplantation in the United Kingdom

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Clarke ◽  
Fidelma Murphy ◽  
Paul White ◽  
Veronica Brough ◽  
Anthony Renshaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Facial Transplantation ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Retrieval Team ◽  
Reconstructive Option ◽  
Areas Of Concern ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reconstructive Techniques ◽  
Relevant Education

Background In November 2005, the world's first partial facial transplantation positioned this treatment at the forefront in the development of facial reconstructive techniques. Objective Because the procedure is dependent on donation of facial tissue, we sought to understand the attitudes and beliefs of the general public and transplant professionals toward this treatment. Methods This research reports the results of a survey of 170 transplant professionals sampled by means of a questionnaire generated by a focus group of transplant coordinators. Results We found a high level of support for facial transplantation, with 76% of respondents in favor and none opposed to the procedure in principle. There was a significant association between knowing someone with a disfiguring condition and being in favor of facial transplantation. Areas of concern to this group can be summarized as factors that affect organ retrieval and the impact on the retrieval team and the donor family. Conclusions Consistency in ranking of item importance provides the basis for development of relevant education materials, team liaison, and care pathways. These findings also validate the use of focus groups in sampling issues of concern to relevant groups as facial transplantation takes its place as a reconstructive option.

scholarly journals Autologous Reconstruction of a Face Transplant Candidate

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-155
Author(s):  
William J. Rifkin ◽  
Justin L. Bellamy ◽  
Rami S. Kantar ◽  
Scott J. Farber ◽  
J.Rodrigo Diaz-Siso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Autologous Reconstruction ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Representative Case ◽  
Facial Disfigurement ◽  
Facial Transplantation ◽  
Face Transplant ◽  
Reconstructive Option ◽  
Transplant Candidate ◽  
Reconstructive Techniques

Since 2005, facial transplantation has emerged as a viable reconstructive option for the most severe defects not amenable to conventional reconstructive techniques, with promising aesthetic and functional outcomes to date. Key facial subunits and midface structures such as the eyelids, lips, and nose are now able to be successfully replaced rather than reconstructed, enabling adequate functional outcomes in even the most extensive defects. However, even in cases of severe facial disfigurement, the decision to proceed with transplantation versus autologous reconstruction remains a source of debate, with no current consensus regarding precise indications and inclusion/exclusion criteria. This report details the case of a candidate referred for face transplantation who ultimately underwent autologous facial reconstruction. Through this representative case, our objective is to clarify the criteria that make a patient a suitable face transplant candidate, as well as to demonstrate the outcomes achievable with a conventional autologous reconstruction, using a methodically planned, multistaged approach.

scholarly journals Delivering esophago-gastric cancer care during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom: a surgical perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Wahed ◽  
J Chmelo ◽  
M Navidi ◽  
N Hayes ◽  
A W Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Good Communication ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Tertiary Center ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Multi Disciplinary Team

Summary Background The COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on the provision of medical care. Planning to ensure there is capability to treat those that become ill with the virus has led to an almost complete moratorium on elective work. This study evaluates the impact of COVID-19 on cancer, in particular surgical intervention, in patients with esophago-gastric cancer at a high-volume tertiary center. Methods All patients undergoing potential management for esophago-gastric cancer from 12 March to 22 May 2020 had their outcomes reviewed. Multi-disciplinary team (MDT) decisions, volume of cases, and outcomes following resection were evaluated. Results Overall 191 patients were discussed by the MDT, with a 12% fall from the same period in 2019, including a fall in new referrals from 120 to 83 (P = 0.0322). The majority of patients (80%) had no deviation from the pre-COVID-19 pathway. Sixteen patients had reduced staging investigations, 4 had potential changes to their treatment only, and 10 had a deviation from both investigation and potential treatment. Only one patient had palliation rather than potentially curative treatment. Overall 19 patients underwent surgical resection. Eight patients (41%) developed complications with two (11%) graded Clavien-Dindo 3 or greater. Two patients developed COVID-19 within a month of surgery, one spending 4 weeks in critical care due to respiratory complications; both recovered. Twelve patients underwent endoscopic resections with no complications. Conclusion Care must be taken not to compromise cancer treatment and outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Excellent results can be achieved through meticulous logistical planning, good communication, and maintaining high-level clinical care.

scholarly journals A contingency theory perspective of environmental management: Empirical evidence from entrepreneurial firms

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-17
Author(s):  
Muaz Mahmud ◽  
Danny Soetanto ◽  
Sarah Jack
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Contingency Theory ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Entrepreneurial Firms ◽  
Global Awareness ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

This article examines the roles of organizational structure of decision-making and external pressure in determining the practice of environmental management. Using contingency theory, this study argues that having a decentralized structure, entrepreneurial firms are able to adapt to external pressure while implementing environmental management. The data were drawn from 106 small and medium-sized firms in the United Kingdom. The study found that a decentralized structure is positively associated with the practice of environmental management while external pressure from global awareness and social relationships has less impact on firms’ environmental management. Interestingly, the impact of decentralized structure on environmental management is strengthened in the context of high level of technological dynamic. Overall, the findings of the study have provided some recommendations to theory and practice of environmental management especially in the context of entrepreneurial firms.

Lifecourse determinants and incomes in retirement: Belgium and the United Kingdom compared

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
CAROLINE DEWILDE
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
New Finding ◽  
The Uk ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTIn this paper, the impact of lifecourse family and labour market experiences on household incomes of older people in Belgium and the United Kingdom (UK) is analysed. To this end, panel data and life-history information from the Panel Study of Belgian Households and the British Household Panel Survey are combined. The results show that old-age income is indeed influenced by previous lifecourse experiences, and that differences between Belgium and the UK can be explained in terms of (the development over time of) welfare regime arrangements. Family experiences have a larger impact on old-age incomes in ‘male-breadwinner’ Belgium, while in Britain labour market events are more important. As social transfers in Britain are more aimed at poverty prevention and less at income replacement, a ‘scarring effect’ of unemployment persists even into old age. Also, the more of one's career is spent in blue-collar work or self-employment/farming, the lower the income in old age. A new finding is that, notwithstanding the high level of ‘de-commodification’ achieved by the Belgian welfare state, this effect turns out to be significantly stronger in Belgium than in the UK. Compared to the market, the welfare state is hence a more efficient ‘mechanism’ of stratification for incomes in old age.

scholarly journals The Impact of Government Policy on Higher Education International Student Recruiters

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa James
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
International Student ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Competitive Environment ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

This paper explores higher education actors involved in the recruitment of internationalstudents and their perceptions of their home country’s government policy on their practice. It examines case study institutions from three countries Canada, Hong Kong, and the United Kingdom. This study shows higher education institutions do not exist in a vacuum and regardless of their location, government policy shapes perceptions for international student recruiters who believe that government policies contribute or hinder their practice. All of the participants, regardless of location, show a high level of awareness of government policy that greatly shapes their strategies. More specifically, recruiters find tensions arising from these policies with government shaping recruitment priorities and restricting or instigating competitive responses, while their institutions do not challenge government policy (enough). The findings suggest that government policies establish the “playing field” for recruiters as they attempt to navigate an increasingly competitive environment but at the same time, these perceptions are highly localized and need to be understood in their individual settings.Keywords:internationalization; government policies; recruiters; students

ПРАГМАТИЧНИЙ ПОТЕНЦІАЛ НАТИВНОЇ РЕКЛАМИ: ФОРМИ, ТРЕНДИ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ НАТИВНОГО КОНТЕНТУ В СОЦІАЛЬНІЙ МЕРЕЖІ FACEBOOK ЩОДО БРЕНДА ФАКУЛЬТЕТУ ЖУРНАЛІСТИКИ ЗНУ)

2020 ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
V. Kovpak ◽  
N. Trotsenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Student Centered ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
The Social ◽  
National University ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

<div><p><em>The article analyzes the peculiarities of the format of native advertising in the media space, its pragmatic potential (in particular, on the example of native content in the social network Facebook by the brand of the journalism department of ZNU), highlights the types and trends of native advertising. The following research methods were used to achieve the purpose of intelligence: descriptive (content content, including various examples), comparative (content presentation options) and typological (types, trends of native advertising, in particular, cross-media as an opportunity to submit content in different formats (video, audio, photos, text, infographics, etc.)), content analysis method using Internet services (using Popsters service). And the native code for analytics was the page of the journalism department of Zaporizhzhya National University on the social network Facebook. After all, the brand of the journalism department of Zaporozhye National University in 2019 celebrates its 15th anniversary. The brand vector is its value component and professional training with balanced distribution of theoretical and practical blocks (seven practices), student-centered (democratic interaction and high-level teacher-student dialogue) and integration into Ukrainian and world educational process (participation in grant programs).</em></p></div><p><em>And advertising on social networks is also a kind of native content, which does not appear in special blocks, and is organically inscribed on one page or another and unobtrusively offers, just remembering the product as if «to the word». Popsters service functionality, which evaluates an account (or linked accounts of one person) for 35 parameters, but the main three areas: reach or influence, or how many users evaluate, comment on the recording; true reach – the number of people affected; network score – an assessment of the audience’s response to the impact, or how far the network information diverges (how many share information on this page).</em></p><p><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> nativeness, native advertising, branded content, special project, communication strategy.</em></p>

THE IMPACT OF UKRAINE'S EXCISE DUTY POLICY ON THE TRANSFORMATION PROCESSES OF THE TOBACCO MARKET

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10) ◽  
pp. 19-33
Author(s):  
Nadiia NOVYTSKA ◽  
◽  
Inna KHLIEBNIKOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Excise Duty ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Transformation Processes

The market of tobacco products in Ukraine is one of the most dynamic and competitive. It develops under the influence of certain factors that cause structural changes, therefore, the aim of the article is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of transformation processes in the market of tobacco and their alternatives in Ukraine and identify the factors that cause them. The high level of tax burden and the proliferation of alternative products with a potentially lower risk to human health, including heating tobacco products and e-cigarettes, are key factors in the market’s transformation process. Their presence leads to an increase in illicit turnover of tobacco products, which accounts for 6.37% of the market, and the gradual replacement of cigarettes with alternative products, which account for 12.95%. The presence on the market of products that are not taxed or taxed at lower rates is one of the reasons for the reduction of excise duty revenues. According to the results of 2019, the planned indicators of revenues were not met by 23.5%. Other reasons for non-fulfillment of excise duty revenues include: declining dynamics of the tobacco products market; reduction in the number of smokers; reorientation of «cheap whites» cigarette flows from Ukraine to neighboring countries; tax avoidance. Prospects for further research are identified, namely the need to develop measures for state regulation and optimization of excise duty taxation of tobacco products and their alternatives, taking into account the risks to public health and increasing demand of illegal products.

Euratom and Brexit: Could the United Kingdom Maintain One Foot in the European Union? Current Scenarios and Future Prospects of British withdrawal from the EAEC

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-151
Author(s):  
Andrea Circolo ◽  
Ondrej Hamuľák
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Independent Solution ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Status ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Energy Community ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The paper focuses on the very topical issue of conclusion of the membership of the State, namely the United Kingdom, in European integration structures. The ques­tion of termination of membership in European Communities and European Union has not been tackled for a long time in the sources of European law. With the adop­tion of the Treaty of Lisbon (2009), the institute of 'unilateral' withdrawal was intro­duced. It´s worth to say that exit clause was intended as symbolic in its nature, in fact underlining the status of Member States as sovereign entities. That is why this institute is very general and the legal regulation of the exercise of withdrawal contains many gaps. One of them is a question of absolute or relative nature of exiting from integration structures. Today’s “exit clause” (Art. 50 of Treaty on European Union) regulates only the termination of membership in the European Union and is silent on the impact of such a step on membership in the European Atomic Energy Community. The presented paper offers an analysis of different variations of the interpretation and solution of the problem. It´s based on the independent solution thesis and therefore rejects an automa­tism approach. The paper and topic is important and original especially because in the multitude of scholarly writings devoted to Brexit questions, vast majority of them deals with institutional questions, the interpretation of Art. 50 of Treaty on European Union; the constitutional matters at national UK level; future relation between EU and UK and political bargaining behind such as all that. The question of impact on withdrawal on Euratom membership is somehow underrepresented. Present paper attempts to fill this gap and accelerate the scholarly debate on this matter globally, because all consequences of Brexit already have and will definitely give rise to more world-wide effects.

Role of Credit Rating in determining Capital structure: Evidence from Non-Financial sector of Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoaib Ali ◽  
Imran Yousaf ◽  
Muhammad Naveed
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Credit Rating ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Leverage Ratio ◽  
Financial Decisions ◽  
Financial Firms ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Capital Structure

This paper aims to examine the impact of external credit ratings on the financial decisions of the firms in Pakistan.  This study uses the annual data of 70 non-financial firms for the period 2012-2018. It uses ordinary least square (OLS) to estimate the impact of credit rating on capital structure. The results show that rated firm has a high level of leverage. Moreover, Profitability and tanagability are also found to be a significantly negative determinant of the capital structure, whereas, size of the firm has a significant positive relationship with the capital structure of the firm.  Besides, there exists a non-linear relationship between the credit rating and the capital structure. The rated firms have higher leverage as compared to the non-rated firms. The high and low rated firms have a low level of leverage, while mid rated firms have a higher leverage ratio. The finding of the study have practical implications for the manager; they can have easier access to the financial market by just having a credit rating no matter high or low. Policymakers must stress upon the rating agencies to keep improving themselves as their rating severs as the measure to judge the creditworthiness of the firm by both the investors and management as well.

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