scholarly journals Work Requirements and Perceived Deservingness of Medicaid

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-45
Author(s):  
Jennifer D. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Federally Funded ◽  
Work Requirements ◽  
Medicaid Policy ◽  
Survey Experiments ◽  
Medicaid Eligibility ◽  
Primary Driver

Does an individual’s effort to acquire employer-sponsored health insurance through employment affect whether they are deserving of health insurance? Much of the current literature that examines the deservingness of federally-funded health insurance focuses on an individual’s responsibility in becoming ill. However, logic from the welfare literature would suggest the willingness to work for one’s welfare, or reciprocity, is an important determinant of deservingness. The relevance of employment-seeking in Medicaid deservingness comes at a crucial time given recent attempts by state governments to implement work requirements as a part of Medicaid eligibility. Using a series of survey experiments, I compare the importance of responsibility versus reciprocity and find that responsibility, what one does to become ill, is the primary driver of judgments of deservingness. What one does to earn their Medicaid by working plays a negligible role in driving attitudes. These findings have implications for how we understand the determinants of support for Medicaid policy.

In the Shadow of 9/11: Health Care Reform in the 2004 Presidential Election

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 454-460
Author(s):  
Lawrence R. Jacobs ◽  
Michael Illuzzi
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Health Care Reform ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Inflation Rate ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Budget Deficits ◽  
Congressional Budget Office ◽  
Job Growth ◽  
Medicaid Eligibility

Health care reform is an important issue in the 2004 presidential elections and is receiving serious attention from the Democratic and Republican candidates. Changes in the economy that fuelled increased productivity and depressed job growth have also shifted more of the costs of medical care and insurance onto employees. The rising costs of insurance premiums and health care are far outpacing the general inflation rate and workers’ wages. Meanwhile, state governments reacted to widening budget deficits from 2001 to 2003 by reducing Medicaid eligibility and benefits. These changes in employer-based health insurance and government policy have contributed to the largest rise in the share of Americans without health insurance in a decade. In 2002, the uninsured numbered 43.6 million and, according to the Congressional Budget Office, 57 to 59 million non-elderly people are uninsured at some point over the course of a year.

scholarly journals The Politics of Health Care Reforms in Kenya and their Failure

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Künzler
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Health Care Reforms ◽  
Health Reforms ◽  
Free Health Care

The current literature on the politics of social policy has two major shortcomings: health care reforms are undertheoretized and research on Anglophone Africa tends to neglect health reforms. To tackle this, a case study on Kenya presents (failed) re-forms such as universal or categorical free health care or the introduction of health insurance and the expansion of its coverage. The case study clearly shows that there is no single theoretical explanation of social policy reforms or their failure. Rather, there are different combination of factors at work in Kenya.

Prenatal Care: Revisions to SCHIP Extend Health Care to “Unborn Children”

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Gutmann
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Block Grants ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Federal Department ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Poor Children

Effective November 1, 2002, the federal Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) reclassified developing fetuses as “unborn children,” thereby providing health insurance benefits for prenatal care under the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP). By broadening the current definition of “child” —and thus expanding SCHIP insurance coverage — DHHS hopes to increase the number of low-income pregnant women who receive prenatal services. As noted by one commentator, the new rule represents the first time “any federal policy has defined childhood as beginning at conception.”In an attempt to improve access to publicly funded health insurance for poor children not covered by Medicaid, Congress established SCHIP a 10-year, $40 billion program jointly funded by federal and state governments. Through a series of block grants, SCHIP allows states to either expand income-eligibility for their existing Medicaid program or to create a separate child health program to decrease the number of uninsured poor and near-poor children.

Medicaid Expansion during the Trump Presidency: The Role of Executive Waivers, State Ballot Measures, and Attorney General Lawsuits in Shaping Intergovernmental Relations

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilliard E Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Intergovernmental Relations ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Attorney General ◽  
Federal Court ◽  
Work Requirements ◽  
Ballot Measures ◽  
Medicaid Policy ◽  
Attorneys General ◽  
Policy Adjustments

Abstract This article assesses developments in the first two years of the Trump presidency regarding implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), with a focus on Medicaid policy. Trump administration officials relied on executive actions to chip away at various elements of the ACA and encouraged and granted state requests for waivers allowing work-requirements and other personal-responsibility rules for Medicaid beneficiaries. Governors and state attorneys general were actively involved in lawsuits that led to several federal court rulings blocking implementation of Medicaid work requirements as well as a ruling that re-opened the legitimacy of the entire ACA. Citizens and interest groups had a major impact at the ballot box by approving several ballot measures that expanded Medicaid in states where expansion was opposed by elected officials. These developments demonstrate how policy adjustments and disputes are worked out in the U.S. federal system in a polarized era, with Congress essentially a bystander and other institutions and actors coming to the fore and resulting in variable speed federalism characterized by different partisan trajectories of state implementation of national policies.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Policy Differences across US States: Shutdowns, Reopening, and Mask Mandates

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9520
Author(s):  
Xue Zhang ◽  
Mildred E. Warner
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
State Level ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact

This work used event study to examine the impact of three policies (shutdowns, reopening, and mask mandates) on changes in the daily COVID-19 infection growth rate at the state level in the US (February through August 2020). The results show the importance of early intervention: shutdowns and mask mandates reduced the COVID-19 infection growth rate immediately after being imposed statewide. Over the longer term, mask mandates had a larger effect on flattening the curve than shutdowns. The increase in the daily infection growth rate pushed state governments to shut down, but reopening led to significant increases in new cases 21 days afterward. The results suggest a dynamic social distancing approach: a shutdown for a short period followed by reopening, combined with universal mask wearing. We also found that the COVID-19 growth rate increased in states with higher percentages of essential workers (during reopening) and higher percentages of minorities (during the mask mandate period). Health insurance access for low-income workers (via Medicaid expansion) helped to reduce COVID-19 cases in the reopening model. The implications for public health show the importance of access to health insurance and mask mandates to protect low-income essential workers, but minority groups still face a higher risk of infection during the pandemic.

Decline in Frequency of Newborn Male Circumcision After Change in Medicaid Coverage Status in Selected States in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 003335492097171
Author(s):  
Taron Torosian ◽  
Joshua J. Quint ◽  
Jeffrey D. Klausner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Policy Change ◽  
Male Circumcision ◽  
Private Health Insurance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medicaid Coverage ◽  
Medicaid Policy ◽  
Tract Infections

Objectives Male circumcision is linked to a reduction in the risk of HIV infection, sexually transmitted infections, penile inflammatory skin disorders, cancers, urinary tract infections, and other complications. We examined the extent to which the change in circumcision recommendation by the American Academy of Pediatrics in 1999 and Medicaid coverage status in states affected the total number of procedures performed. Methods We used data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample for 1998-2011 collected annually by the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. We examined data on all male births in the United States with Medicaid and private health insurance. We then categorized births into 4 groups: (1) births with newborn male circumcision procedure, (2) births with Medicaid or private health insurance, (3) births that occurred in states where Medicaid coverage for newborn male circumcision was removed, and (4) births that occurred before or after the policy change. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate the adjusted odds of newborn male circumcision. Results In the 10 states where a change in Medicaid policy occurred, circumcision frequency had a mean percentage-point decrease of 21.4% among Medicaid beneficiaries and 3.2% among private health insurance beneficiaries from before to after the policy change. In states where coverage was maintained, the change in circumcision frequency was negligible for Medicaid and private health insurance beneficiaries. These changes resulted in an estimated 163 456 potential circumcisions not performed. Conclusion Decreases in newborn male circumcision frequency correlated with the Medicaid policy change for the procedure. Efforts should be made to reduce barriers for cost-effective preventive procedures that promote health, such as newborn male circumcision.

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