Improved osteogenesis in rat femur segmental defects treated with human allograft and zinc adjuvants

Bone allograft is widely used to treat large bone defects or complex fractures. However, processing methods can significantly compromise allograft osteogenic activity. Adjuvants that can restore the osteogenic activity of processed allograft should improve clinical outcomes. In this study, zinc was tested as an adjuvant to increase the osteogenic activity of human allograft in a Rag2 null rat femoral defect model. Femoral defects were treated with human demineralized bone matrix (DBM) mixed with carboxy methyl cellulose containing ZnCl2 (0, 75, 150, 300 µg) or Zn stearate (347 µg). Rat femur defects treated with DBM-ZnCl2 (75 µg) and DBM-Zn stearate (347 µg) showed increased calcified tissue in the defect site compared to DBM alone. Radiograph scoring and µCT (microcomputed tomography) analysis showed an increased amount of bone formation at the defects treated with DBM-Zn stearate. Use of zinc as an adjuvant was also tested using human cancellous bone chips. The bone chips were soaked in ZnCl2 solutions before being added to defect sites. Zn adsorbed onto the chips in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Rat femur defects treated with Zn-bound bone chips had more new bone in the defects based on µCT and histomorphometric analyses. The results indicate that zinc supplementation of human bone allograft improves allograft osteogenic activity in the rat femur defect model.

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Histopathological and Radiographical Evaluation of Caprine Demineralized Bone Matrix in a Critical Ulnar Defect in a Rabbit Model

10.21203/rs.3.rs-853202/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Olawale Alimi Alimi ◽

Adamu Abdul Abuabakar ◽

Abubakar Sadiq Yakubu ◽

Sani Abdullahi Shehu ◽

Salman Zubairu Abdulkadir

Keyword(s):

Bone Defect ◽

Demineralized Bone Matrix ◽

Bone Matrix ◽

Rabbit Model ◽

Negative Control ◽

Autogenous Bone ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Defect Sites ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Demineralized Bone

Abstract Background: Caprine species satisfy the conditions of an ideal donor animal when compared to bovine species that has been extensively studied and commercialized for bone xenograft. Histopathological and radiological evaluations of caprine demineralized bone matrix (CDBM) were therefore carried out for fracture healing properties for its possible use in bone grafting procedures. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four rabbits were used for this study and were divided randomly into three groups of eight (n=8) rabbits each. Critical bone defect was created on the ulnar diaphysis under xylazine-ketamine anaesthesia for autogenous bone graft (ABG) group, CDBM group and the last group was left unfilled as negative control (NC). Immediate post-grafting radiograph was taken and repeated on days 14, 28, 42 and 56 to monitor the evidence of radiographic healing. The animals were euthanized on day 56 and defect sites were harvested for histopathology. Results: There was a progressive evidence of radiographic healing and bone formation in all the groups with significance difference (P=0.0064). When compared with ABG, NC differ significantly (P<0.0001) whereas the CDBM did not differ significantly (P=0.6765). The histopathology sections of ABG and CDBM showed normal bone tissue while the NC section was predominated by fibrous connective tissue. There was therefore an overall significant difference (P=0.0001) in which CDBM did not differ from ABG (P=0.2946) while NC did (P=0.0005). Conclusion: The ABG and CDBM groups showed a similar healing effect in the critical bone defect. Therefore, CDBM could be used as an effective alternative to ABG in orthopaedics to circumvent the limitations and complications associated with it. Level of Evidence: Not applicable.

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Characterization of Bone Defect Repair in Young and Aged Rat Femur Induced by Xenogenic Demineralized Bone Matrix

Journal of Periodontology ◽

10.1902/jop.2002.73.9.1003 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 73 (9) ◽

pp. 1003-1009 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Paola Torricelli ◽

Milena Fini ◽

Gianluca Giavaresi ◽

Lia Rimondini ◽

Roberto Giardino

Keyword(s):

Bone Defect ◽

Demineralized Bone Matrix ◽

Bone Matrix ◽

Rat Femur ◽

Aged Rat ◽

Bone Defect Repair ◽

Defect Repair ◽

Demineralized Bone

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Fabrication of Demineralized Bone Matrix/Polycaprolactone Composites Using Large Area Projection Sintering (LAPS)

Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing ◽

10.3390/jmmp3020030 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 30 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohsen Ziaee ◽

Rebecca Hershman ◽

Ayesha Mahmood ◽

Nathan B. Crane

Keyword(s):

Additive Manufacturing ◽

Cancellous Bone ◽

Demineralized Bone Matrix ◽

Bone Matrix ◽

Bone Allograft ◽

Layer By Layer ◽

Large Area ◽

Manufacturing Method ◽

Synthetic Scaffolds ◽

Demineralized Bone

Cadaveric decellularized bone tissue is utilized as an allograft in many musculoskeletal surgical procedures. Typically, the allograft acts as a scaffold to guide tissue regeneration with superior biocompatibility relative to synthetic scaffolds. Traditionally these scaffolds are machined into the required dimensions and shapes. However, the geometrical simplicity and, in some cases, limited dimensions of the donated tissue restrict the use of allograft scaffolds. This could be overcome by additive manufacturing using granulated bone that is both decellularized and demineralized. In this study, the large area projection sintering (LAPS) method is evaluated as a fabrication method to build porous structures composed of granulated cortical bone bound by polycaprolactone (PCL). This additive manufacturing method utilizes visible light to selectively cure the deposited material layer-by-layer to create 3D geometry. First, the spreading behavior of the composite mixtures is evaluated and the conditions to attain improved powder bed density to fabricate the test specimens are determined. The tensile strength of the LAPS fabricated samples in both dry and hydrated states are determined and compared to the demineralized cancellous bone allograft and the heat treated demineralized-bone/PCL mixture in mold. The results indicated that the projection sintered composites of 45–55 wt %. Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) particulates produced strength comparable to processed and demineralized cancellous bone.

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First Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA) Response and Safety Evaluation of Fibrous Demineralized Bone Matrix in a Critical Size Femoral Defect Model of the Sprague-Dawley Rat

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13143120 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 3120

Author(s):

Nicolas Söhling ◽

Maximilian Leiblein ◽

Alexander Schaible ◽

Maren Janko ◽

Joachim Schwäble ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Healing ◽

Critical Size ◽

Demineralized Bone Matrix ◽

High Surface ◽

Bone Matrix ◽

Volume Ratio ◽

Bone Allograft ◽

Control Group ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Demineralized Bone

Treatment of large bone defects is one of the great challenges in contemporary orthopedic and traumatic surgery. Grafts are necessary to support bone healing. A well-established allograft is demineralized bone matrix (DBM) prepared from donated human bone tissue. In this study, a fibrous demineralized bone matrix (f-DBM) with a high surface-to-volume ratio has been analyzed for toxicity and immunogenicity. f-DBM was transplanted to a 5-mm, plate-stabilized, femoral critical-size-bone-defect in Sprague-Dawley (SD)-rats. Healthy animals were used as controls. After two months histology, hematological analyses, immunogenicity as well as serum biochemistry were performed. Evaluation of free radical release and hematological and biochemical analyses showed no significant differences between the control group and recipients of f-DBM. Histologically, there was no evidence of damage to liver and kidney and good bone healing was observed in the f-DBM group. Reactivity against human HLA class I and class II antigens was detected with mostly low fluorescence values both in the serum of untreated and treated animals, reflecting rather a background reaction. Taken together, these results provide evidence for no systemic toxicity and the first proof of no basic immunogenic reaction to bone allograft and no sensitization of the recipient.

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