Executive Function Measures for Children: A Scoping Review of Ecological Validity

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Wallisch ◽  
Lauren M. Little ◽  
Evan Dean ◽  
Winnie Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Ecological Validity

Comparison of a virtual-reality test of executive function with standard executive function tests and their ecological validity

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellie Perniskie ◽  
Nic Ward ◽  
John Dalrymple-Alford ◽  
Joyce Alberts ◽  
Ashok Jansari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Function Tests

scholarly journals Assessment Tools for Executive Function and Adaptive Function Following Brain Pathology Among Children in Developing Country Contexts: a Scoping Review of Current Tools

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwabena Kusi-Mensah ◽  
Nana Dansoah Nuamah ◽  
Stephen Wemakor ◽  
Joel Agorinya ◽  
Ramata Seidu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Validation Studies ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Adaptive Behaviour ◽  
Adaptive Function ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales ◽  
Low And Middle Income

AbstractSeveral tools have been developed to assess executive function (EFs) and adaptive functioning, although in mainly Western populations. Information on tools for low-and-middle-income country children is scanty. A scoping review of such instruments was therefore undertaken.We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis- Scoping Review extension (PRISMA-ScR) checklist (Tricco et al., in Annals of Internal Medicine 169(7), 467–473, 2018). A search was made for primary research papers of all study designs that focused on development or adaptation of EF or adaptive function tools in low-and-middle-income countries, published between 1st January 1894 to 15th September 2020. 14 bibliographic databases were searched, including several non-English databases and the data were independently charted by at least 2 reviewers.The search strategy identified 5675 eligible abstracts, which was pruned down to 570 full text articles. These full-text articles were then manually screened for eligibility with 51 being eligible. 41 unique tools coming in 49 versions were reviewed. Of these, the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning (BRIEF- multiple versions), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Go/No-go and the Rey-Osterrieth complex figure (ROCF) had the most validations undertaken for EF tests. For adaptive functions, the tools with the most validation studies were the Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales (VABS- multiple versions) and the Child Function Impairment Rating Scale (CFIRS- first edition).There is a fair assortment of tests available that have either been developed or adapted for use among children in developing countries but with limited range of validation studies. However, their psychometric adequacy for this population was beyond the scope of this paper.

scholarly journals Ecological Validity and Neuroanatomical Correlates of the NIH EXAMINER Executive Composite Score

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine L. Possin ◽  
Amanda K. LaMarre ◽  
Kristie A. Wood ◽  
Dan M. Mungas ◽  
Joel H. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Real World ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Frontal Systems ◽  
Behavior Scale

AbstractExecutive functions refer to a constellation of higher-level cognitive abilities that enable goal-oriented behavior. The NIH EXAMINER battery was designed to assess executive functions comprehensively and efficiently. Performance can be summarized by a single score, the “Executive Composite,” which combines measures of inhibition, set-shifting, fluency, and working memory. We evaluated the ecological validity of the Executive Composite in a sample of 225 mixed neurological patients and controls using the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe), an informant-based measure of real-world executive behavior. In addition, we investigated the neuroanatomical correlates of the Executive Composite using voxel-based morphometry in a sample of 37 participants diagnosed with dementia, mild cognitive impairment, or as neurologically healthy. The Executive Composite accounted for 28% of the variance in Frontal Systems Behavior Scale scores beyond age. Even after including two widely used executive function tests (Trails B and Stroop) as covariates, the Executive Composite remained a significant predictor of real-world behavior. Anatomically, poorer scores on the Executive Composite were associated with smaller right and left dorsolateral prefrontal volumes, brain regions critical for good executive control. Taken together, these results suggest that the Executive Composite measures important aspects of executive function not captured by standard measures and reflects the integrity of frontal systems. (JINS, 2013,19, 1–9)

scholarly journals The ecological validity of tests of executive function

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 547-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL W. BURGESS ◽  
NICK ALDERMAN ◽  
JON EVANS ◽  
HAZEL EMSLIE ◽  
BARBARA A. WILSON
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Neuropsychological Measures ◽  
Life Problems ◽  
Neurological Patients ◽  
Validity Of Tests

Ninety-two mixed etiology neurological patients and 216 control participants were assessed on a range of neuropsychological tests, including 10 neuropsychological measures of executive function derived from 6 different tests. People who knew the patients well (relatives or carers) completed a questionnaire about the patient's dysexecutive problems in everyday life, and this paper reports the extent to which the tests predicted the patients' everyday life problems. All of the tests were significantly predictive of at least some of the behavioral and cognitive deficits reported by patients' carers. However, factor analysis of the patients' dysexecutive symptoms suggested a fractionation of the dysexecutive syndrome, with neuropsychological tests loading differentially on 3 underlying cognitive factors (Inhibition, Intentionality, and Executive Memory), supporting the conclusions that different tests measure different cognitive processes, and that there may be limits to the fractionation of the executive system. (JINS, 1998, 4, 547–558.)

scholarly journals Technical–tactical skill assessments in small-sided soccer games: A scoping review

2021 ◽  
pp. 174795412110495
Author(s):  
Fabian C Klingner ◽  
Barbara CH Huijgen ◽  
Ruud JR Den Hartigh ◽  
Matthias Kempe
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Discriminative Power ◽  
Movement Variability ◽  
Talent Identification ◽  
Skill Levels ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Meta Analyses

Skill assessments are essential to elite soccer coaches and clubs, to provide an evidence-based approach to player evaluation. Valid methods thereby support talent identification and development procedures (e.g. scouting and training strategies). However, it remains a complex challenge. Small-sided games have emerged as a promising tool, due to high ecological validity. Until now, no review has focused on their discriminative power. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether technical–tactical skill assessments of small-sided games can discriminate between individual players and between teams of different skill levels (i.e. higher vs. lower playing levels and older vs. younger players) in soccer. A scoping review of PubMed, Web of Science, and MEDLINE databases was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. A total of 23 studies were included, all but one of which showed at least good methodological quality (i.e. > 50% score in quality assessment). For technical skills, small-sided games indicate discriminative power for passing skills, but only when comparing players of different playing levels, as supported by two of the included studies. Tactical categories, such as movement variability and decision-making, were more pronounced in higher level and more experienced players. However, the most conclusive finding among individual skill assessments was that the technical–tactical overall performance (a total score comprised of different subcategories) of individual players showed a positive relation to skill level in three studies. Team performance assessments in small-sided games showed that older and higher level teams mainly distinguish themselves from less-skilled peers by using the available space more efficiently. With the influence of different assessment instruments and several small-sided games modifications in mind, it may be concluded that technical–tactical skills in small-sided games can discriminate between players and teams of different skill levels. An interesting future avenue is to examine a more consistent approach to skill assessments in small-sided games, which can warrant their use for scouting and talent identification purposes.

scholarly journals Walking on common ground: a cross-disciplinary scoping review on the clinical utility of digital mobility outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Polhemus ◽  
Laura Delgado Ortiz ◽  
Gavin Brittain ◽  
Nikolaos Chynkiamis ◽  
Francesca Salis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Step Count ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Clinical Measures

AbstractPhysical mobility is essential to health, and patients often rate it as a high-priority clinical outcome. Digital mobility outcomes (DMOs), such as real-world gait speed or step count, show promise as clinical measures in many medical conditions. However, current research is nascent and fragmented by discipline. This scoping review maps existing evidence on the clinical utility of DMOs, identifying commonalities across traditional disciplinary divides. In November 2019, 11 databases were searched for records investigating the validity and responsiveness of 34 DMOs in four diverse medical conditions (Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hip fracture). Searches yielded 19,672 unique records. After screening, 855 records representing 775 studies were included and charted in systematic maps. Studies frequently investigated gait speed (70.4% of studies), step length (30.7%), cadence (21.4%), and daily step count (20.7%). They studied differences between healthy and pathological gait (36.4%), associations between DMOs and clinical measures (48.8%) or outcomes (4.3%), and responsiveness to interventions (26.8%). Gait speed, step length, cadence, step time and step count exhibited consistent evidence of validity and responsiveness in multiple conditions, although the evidence was inconsistent or lacking for other DMOs. If DMOs are to be adopted as mainstream tools, further work is needed to establish their predictive validity, responsiveness, and ecological validity. Cross-disciplinary efforts to align methodology and validate DMOs may facilitate their adoption into clinical practice.

scholarly journals Electroencephalographic Recording of the Movement-Related Cortical Potential in Ecologically Valid Movements: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Olsen ◽  
Gemma Alder ◽  
Mitra Williams ◽  
Seth Chambers ◽  
Mads Jochumsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Cortical Potential ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Intervention Efficacy ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Electroencephalographic Recording ◽  
Functional Movements

The movement-related cortical potential (MRCP) is a brain signal that can be recorded using surface electroencephalography (EEG) and represents the cortical processes involved in movement preparation. The MRCP has been widely researched in simple, single-joint movements, however, these movements often lack ecological validity. Ecological validity refers to the generalizability of the findings to real-world situations, such as neurological rehabilitation. This scoping review aimed to synthesize the research evidence investigating the MRCP in ecologically valid movement tasks. A search of six electronic databases identified 102 studies that investigated the MRCP during multi-joint movements; 59 of these studies investigated ecologically valid movement tasks and were included in the review. The included studies investigated 15 different movement tasks that were applicable to everyday situations, but these were largely carried out in healthy populations. The synthesized findings suggest that the recording and analysis of MRCP signals is possible in ecologically valid movements, however the characteristics of the signal appear to vary across different movement tasks (i.e., those with greater complexity, increased cognitive load, or a secondary motor task) and different populations (i.e., expert performers, people with Parkinson’s Disease, and older adults). The scarcity of research in clinical populations highlights the need for further research in people with neurological and age-related conditions to progress our understanding of the MRCPs characteristics and to determine its potential as a measure of neurological recovery and intervention efficacy. MRCP-based neuromodulatory interventions applied during ecologically valid movements were only represented in one study in this review as these have been largely delivered during simple joint movements. No studies were identified that used ecologically valid movements to control BCI-driven external devices; this may reflect the technical challenges associated with accurately classifying functional movements from MRCPs. Future research investigating MRCP-based interventions should use movement tasks that are functionally relevant to everyday situations. This will facilitate the application of this knowledge into the rehabilitation setting.

scholarly journals Assessing Executive Function in Adolescence: A Scoping Review of Existing Measures and Their Psychometric Robustness

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moses K. Nyongesa ◽  
Derrick Ssewanyana ◽  
Agnes M. Mutua ◽  
Esther Chongwo ◽  
Gaia Scerif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Scoping Review
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