scholarly journals The Infant Toddler Activity Card Sort: A Caregiver Report Measure of Children’s Occupational Engagement in Family Activities and Routines

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Catherine R. Hoyt ◽  
Jianna D. Fernandez ◽  
Taniya E. Varughese ◽  
Emma Grandgeorge ◽  
Hannah E. Manis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Process ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Occupational Engagement ◽  
Card Sort ◽  
Family Activities ◽  
Developmental Skills ◽  
Therapy Services ◽  
Limited Opportunity ◽  
Caregiver Report

Early intervention (EI) therapy services aim to address family-centered goals to facilitate young children’s development and participation in meaningful life activities. Current methods to evaluate children in EI assess discrete developmental skills but provide little information on the child’s ability to successfully incorporate that skill in everyday life. Furthermore, traditional measures have limited opportunity for parent report, despite parent engagement being a critical component for successful implementation of EI services. A measure that involves parents in the therapeutic process to track family-driven EI goals related to a child’s occupational engagement in meaningful family activities and routines is desperately needed. Using a qualitative design and conventional content analysis, we identified 41 distinct activities of infant–toddlers from a cohort of 23 caregivers. Activity items were matched with photographs and validated with experts in pediatric rehabilitation using the Delphi method. The resulting 40 activity/photograph pairs were used to develop a new measure of pediatric occupational engagement, the Infant Toddler Activity Card Sort (ITACS).

scholarly journals Activity competence among infants and toddlers with developmental disabilities: Rasch analysis of the Infant Toddler Activity Card Sort (ITACS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine R. Hoyt ◽  
Allison J. L’Hotta ◽  
Anna H. Bauer ◽  
Chih-Hung Chang ◽  
Taniya E. Varughese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Rasch Analysis ◽  
Item Difficulty ◽  
Standardized Assessments ◽  
Card Sort ◽  
Goal Development ◽  
Individual Ability ◽  
Ability Measure ◽  
Caregiver Report ◽  
Child Caregiver

Abstract Background Development is rapid in the first years of life. Developmental delays appearing during this critical period have the potential to persist throughout the child’s life. Available standardized assessments for this age record a child’s ability to successfully complete discrete skills but fail to capture whether the child incorporates those skills into daily routines that are meaningful to the child and family. The Infant Toddler Activity Card Sort (ITACS) is a newly developed photograph-based early intervention tool to measure the participation-related concept of activity competence using caregiver report. The purpose of the present study was to use Rasch analysis to determine if ITACS items comprehensively measure the construct of child activity competence. Results A total of 60 child/caregiver dyads participated. The dichotomous caregiver-reported responses (present vs. absent) on the 40 individual ITACS items were used in Rasch analysis, and three iterations of the model were completed. The final model included 51 child/caregiver dyads and 67 ITACS assessments with a good spread of individual ability measure (6.47 logits). All items demonstrated adequate infit except for “sleeping” (range 0.68–1.54). Five items (sleeping, eating at restaurants, brushing teeth, crawling, and interact with pets) demonstrated high Mean Square (MNSQ) outfit statistics and one (take a bath) demonstrated low MNSQ outfit. ITACS items demonstrated a good spread of item difficulty measures (6.27 logits), and a clear ceiling was observed. Three activity items (smiling, breastfeeding, and playing with adults) were rarely endorsed as concerns. The activities most likely to be reported as challenging were “crying/communicating” and “going to school”. Person and item reliability statistics were adequate (0.79 and 0.80, respectively). The separation between individuals and between items were adequate to good (1.96 and 1.99, respectively). Conclusions Findings indicate that ITACS items are measuring a unidimensional construct--activity competence in early childhood. The Rasch analysis of caregiver responses suggest that some activities are more likely to be considered challenging and may be important targets for intervention. These results provide evidence to further validate the ITACS as a caregiver report measure and support its use in the early intervention setting to facilitate caregiver driven goal development.

scholarly journals Agreement Between Parental Report and Clinician Observation of Infant Developmental Skills

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Federico ◽  
Dexin Shi ◽  
Jessica Bradshaw
Keyword(s):  
Communication Skills ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
First Year ◽  
Developmental Skills ◽  
Social Communication Skills ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Strong Relation ◽  
First Year Of Life

Understanding the convergence between parent report and clinician observation measures of development is important and became even more critical during the COVID-19 pandemic as clinician contact with families was significantly limited. Previous research points to inconsistencies in the degree of agreement between parents and clinicians and very little research has examined these associations for infants within the first year of life. This study investigated the association between parent report and clinician observation measures of social communication and motor skills in 27 young infants who were assessed at 9 and 12 months of age. Results suggest a strong relation between clinician and parent rated motor skills, but weak to moderate associations between clinician and parent rated communication skills. Infant temperament played a significant role in parent ratings of infant communication. Together, these results provide support for data collection via parent report or clinician observation of infant motor skills, but suggest that multiple measures of infant communication may be helpful to obtain high-quality, perhaps more accurate, assessment social-communication skills. Specifically, multiple parent report measures along with an observation of parent-infant interactions will likely provide a more rich and accurate characterization of infant social-communication abilities.

Behavioral Training by Paraprofessionals for Families of Developmentally Disabled Persons

AAESPH Review ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 216-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark B. Mendelsohn
Keyword(s):  
Staff Training ◽  
Community Outreach ◽  
Disabled Persons ◽  
Developmentally Disabled ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Disabled Children ◽  
Behavioral Training ◽  
Developmental Skills ◽  
Innovative System ◽  
Behavioral Services

An innovative system to deliver behavioral services was developed to extend a residential facility's community outreach and provide an alternative to institutionalization. The successful implementation of this program suggests a way to combine clinical service and staff training at the bachelor-technician career ladder step in psychology and related disciplines. Specifically, a team of behavior technicians delivered the skills of a mental retardation center to families of disabled children and adults formerly beyond the center's range. Parents were taught specific modification procedures to lessen the likelihood of disruptive behavior and to hasten the acquisition of new developmental skills by their children.

scholarly journals Guideline Implementation in Standardized Office Workflows and Exam Types

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 215013271983689
Author(s):  
Amy Dawson ◽  
Brian Henriksen ◽  
Penny Cortvriend
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Illness ◽  
Family Medicine ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Change Management ◽  
Chronic Disease Management ◽  
Medical Society ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Card Sort

Background: Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) in medicine are recommendations supported by systematic review of evidence to facilitate optimal patient outcomes. Primary care practices are expected to implement more than 200 CPGs, overwhelming many practices. This qualitative study elucidated the perspectives and priorities of family medicine physicians and office managers in grouping CPGs to facilitate implementation. Methods: A qualitative study was performed using individual, semistructured interviews. During the interviews the participants completed an open card-sort exercise grouping 20 CPGs. Purposive sampling was used to identify family medicine physicians and office managers practicing in medically underserved zip codes listed in the local medical society directory. Seven physicians and 6 office managers were interviewed. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis and compared with the card-sort results. Results: Thematic content analysis identified priorities and perspectives of office managers and physicians when grouping multiple CPGs for implementation: delegation, personalization, triggers, and change management. The card sort exercise revealed grouping by standardized preventive care visit, standardized rooming and discharge processes, and chronic illness. Chronic illness-based groupings and personalization of guidelines were recognized as presenting barriers to delegation of CPGs to the care team. Development of standardized preventive exams, standard rooming and discharge processes and chronic disease management were identified as promoting CPG adherence through team-based care. Standardized workflows provided opportunities for task delegation through predicable roles. Medicalization of CPG implementation relied heavily on the physician alone to remember to adhere to CPGs and inhibited task sharing by not giving office staff clear disease-based protocols to follow. Conclusions: This study identified priorities and perspectives of office managers and physicians when grouping multiple CPGs for concomitant implementation: delegation, personalization, triggers, and change management. Successful implementation was perceived to be associated with standardized preventive exams, standard rooming and discharge processes, and chronic disease management.

Psychometrics of the Infant-Toddler Activity Card Sort (ITACS): A Caregiver-Reported Measure of Children’s Occupational Engagement in Family Routines

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (4_Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 7411500085p1
Author(s):  
Catherine Hoyt ◽  
Ashley Chuck ◽  
Taniya Varughese ◽  
Laura Fisher ◽  
Regina Abel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Engagement ◽  
Family Routines ◽  
Card Sort

scholarly journals Children’s implicit food cognition: Developing a food Implicit Association Test

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmine M DeJesus ◽  
Susan A. Gelman ◽  
Julie C. Lumeng
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Implicit Associations ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Card Sort ◽  
Implicit Stereotypes

Assessing children’s reasoning about food, including their health knowledge and their food preferences, is an important step toward understanding how health messages may influence children’s food choices. However, in many studies, assessing children’s reasoning relies on parent report or could be susceptible to social pressure from adults. To address these limitations, the present study describes the development of a food version of the Implicit Association Test (IAT). The IAT has been used to examine children’s implicit stereotypes about social groups, yet few studies have used the IAT in other domains (such as food cognition). Four- to 12-year-olds (n = 123) completed the food IAT and an explicit card sort task, in which children assessed foods based on their perception of the food’s healthfulness (healthy vs. unhealthy) and palatability (yummy vs. yucky). Surprisingly, children demonstrated positive implicit associations towards vegetables. This pattern may reflect children’s health knowledge, given that the accuracy of children’s healthfulness ratings in the card sort task positively predicted children’s food IAT d-scores. Implications for both food cognition and the IAT are discussed.

Re-establishing an occupational identity after stroke – a theoretical model based on survivor experience

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (10) ◽  
pp. 620-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Walder ◽  
Matthew Molineux
Keyword(s):  
Life Story ◽  
Constructivist Grounded Theory ◽  
Occupational Identity ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Occupational Engagement ◽  
Central Process ◽  
Permanent Disability ◽  
Emotional Management ◽  
Therapy Services ◽  
The Impact

Introduction Annually, approximately five million people worldwide are left with a permanent disability following a stroke, often with ongoing occupational issues. A deeper understanding of the emerging picture of occupational disruption and identity reconstruction after stroke is needed to inform client-centred practice. Method In-depth interviews using constructivist grounded theory methodology were conducted with six Queensland (Australia) adult stroke survivors. Data analysis identified themes which were woven into an overarching theory about the process of reintegration back into the community and living a meaningful life. Findings The central process of adjustment for all participants was reconstruction of an occupational identity, facilitated through connections within and across three domains – self, others and reality. Connecting with self involved emotional management; motivation; confidence; occupational engagement; and seizing control. Connecting with others included being understood; belonging; receiving help; and interactions. Connecting with reality meant confronting the impact on daily life and one's unfolding life story according to three realities: past reality, the reality of the stroke and future reality. Conclusion Exploring how stroke survivors form and maintain connections across the domains of self, reality and others provides a framework to ground occupational therapy services in the reality of individual needs from an occupational perspective.

scholarly journals Predictors of Satisfaction with Autism Treatment Services During COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily F. Ferguson ◽  
Maria Jimenez-Muñoz ◽  
Harrison Feerst ◽  
Ty W. Vernon
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Perceived Support ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Treatment Services ◽  
Autism Treatment ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Therapy Services ◽  
Caregiver Report ◽  
Delivery Medium

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has created unprecedented challenges and disruptions for autistic individuals receiving specialized treatment services. This caregiver-report survey study (n = 339) explored predictors of satisfaction with autism services during COVID-19 to improve perceived support for these families. Specifically, we investigated whether service delivery medium (telehealth vs. in person), child’s emotional functioning, and caregiver stress would predict satisfaction with the most highly utilized services. Satisfaction ratings for ABA/behavioral, speech/language, and occupational therapy were lower when delivered via telehealth as compared to in person. Caregivers who reported higher emotional dysregulation in their children were less satisfied with behavioral therapy services. These results provide a critical caregiver-informed perspective on factors influencing satisfaction with specialized autism services during COVID-19.

Patterns of occupational engagement among community-dwelling older adults in Singapore: An exploratory mixed method study

2021 ◽  
pp. 030802262110080
Author(s):  
Wei Qi Koh ◽  
Yuan Lin Chia ◽  
Wen Xu Ng ◽  
Fiona Y Q Lim ◽  
Therma W C Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Mixed Method Study ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Occupational Engagement ◽  
Card Sort ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Introduction The aim of this study is to understand the patterns of occupations among community-dwelling older adults in Singapore. The objectives are to describe their occupational engagement using the Activity Card Sort Singapore, understand their occupational preferences and perceived barriers and facilitators to engagement. Methods A convergent parallel mixed-method study was conducted over a 5-month period in 2018. Purposive and snowball sampling were used to recruit the participants. Individual 1-h interviews were conducted at participants’ homes. Quantitative data collected include demographic information, Modified Barthel Index scores and activity engagement based on the Activity Card Sort Singapore. Qualitative data was collected using semi-structured interviews. Results 105 participants were enrolled in the study. Overall, older adults engaged mostly in instrumental and social activities. However, leisure and social activities were most preferred. Gender, educational level and age were found to influence occupational engagement. Overall, six main themes relating to perceived barriers and facilitators to occupational engagement were identified: cognition and physical status, self-efficacy, resources, affect and meaningfulness, social influence and environmental factors. Conclusion The findings from this study provided insights into the occupational patterns of community-dwelling older adults in Singapore and their perceived barriers and facilitators to engagement. Recommendations for practice were identified.

Care-givers’ perspectives of occupational engagement of persons with dementia

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
MEGUMI TSUNAKA ◽  
JENNY C. C. CHUNG
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Safety Concern ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Family Care ◽  
Activity Participation ◽  
Occupational Engagement ◽  
Card Sort ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
Support Resources

ABSTRACTMeaningful engagement in activity is associated with the maintenance of health and wellbeing, but reduced activity participation is common among persons with dementia. Family care-givers play an important role in engaging their relatives with dementia in activities but little is known about their perception of occupational engagement. This study aimed to examine care-givers’ perception of occupational performance of their relatives from three aspects: person, occupation and environment. Adopting a qualitative methodology, semi-structured and in-depth interviews were conducted with 14 family care-givers. Care-givers were also asked to document the activity patterns of their relative, using the Activity Card Sort Hong Kong version (ACS-HK). The ACS-HK findings suggested that high-demand leisure activities were mostly retained (61%) while instrumental activities of daily living were the least retained (37%). Qualitative analysis revealed that care-givers’ perception of activity participation was intertwined with their motives and behaviours to get their relatives engaged in activities. Care-givers acknowledged occupational engagement as a means of maintaining wellness and used various strategies to encourage their relative's activity participation. Apathy and passivity, however, are difficult to deal with. Also, activity decisions appear to depend on the availability of support resources and a balance between safety concern and risk-taking. Clinical practitioners could assist care-givers by suggesting activity strategies and providing support resources for continued engagement of their relative in activities.

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