An Ethnographic Study of Deinstitutionalized Adults: Their Community Settings and Daily Life Experiences

1981 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Kielhofner
Keyword(s):  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Analytic Model ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
The Past ◽  
Field Notes

In the past two decades deinstitutionalization policy has relocated thousands of mentally ill and mentally retarded persons and reshaped a major sector of the health care system. This paper reports a 3-year ethnographic study of 69 deinstitutionalized retarded persons in which occupational therapy and social science participant observers followed subjects in their everyday environments. Field notes, interviews, and videotape data were collected. The aim of the study was to examine the daily lives, living settings, and social circumstances of retarded adults. This paper describes findings on the community residential system and its impact on the lives and adaptation of retarded persons. The discussion of the study methods details the historical development of the research process. The findings presented are an analytic model of the community residential system and a description of adaptive problems of retarded persons living in the community.

scholarly journals Yodaya: Thai Classical Music in Myanmar Culture

MANUSYA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-76
Author(s):  
Suradit Phaksuchon ◽  
Panya Rungrueang
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Classical Music ◽  
Analytical Description ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Musical Culture ◽  
Royal Court ◽  
The Past ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
Field Notes

Yodaya is one of the music genres in Myanmar’s musical culture. It was initially tied to the Myanmar royal court in the past and has ever since infiltrated the Myanmar way of life up until the present day. This qualitative study was set out to: 1) investigate the historical development of Yodaya, and 2) examine the features and representation of Thai classical music in Yodaya. Data was gathered between August 2009 and March 2014 through multiple techniques: survey, interview, observation, field-notes and documentary analysis. Informants included five experts, eight practitioners and four related people in Yangon and Mandalay cities in Myanmar. Data was validated by means of a triangulation method based on defined objectives and was presented following analytical description.

scholarly journals Socio-economic changes in the borderlands of the Visegrad Group (V4) countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Máliková ◽  
Michal Klobučník ◽  
Vladimír Bačík ◽  
Peter Spišiak
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Eu Enlargement ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Visegrad Group ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Under the influence of globalization and state integration processes, the importance of a border as a barrier is gradually decreasing. Borderlands are still perceived as specific phenomena, however, not only in terms of historical development but especially in the context of their changing impact on the daily lives of their inhabitants. Along with EU enlargement, the de-bordering process has also become significant in many countries where the borderland played an important role in the past. These include the V4 countries, whose borderlands are the object of this research. In this article we analyze these areas on the basis of selected socio-economic indicators, with a focus on change in the period 2001–2011. As indicated by the Analysis of Variance, the results show the significantly differentiated development of the borderlands, in terms of the individual values of indicators both within the borderland of the EU member states, as well as along the external border of the EU.

Roles, rules and rituals: An ethnographic study of a community of the chronically mentally ill

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vadim Moldovan ◽  
Alexandru Ciobanu ◽  
William Divale ◽  
Anatol Nacu
Keyword(s):  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Chronically Mentally Ill

Young Muslim America

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muna Ali
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Cultural Citizenship ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Muslim American ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Community Culture ◽  
Identity Studies ◽  
Anthropology Of Islam ◽  
Dominant Narratives

This book explores the identities, perspectives, and roles of the second and subsequent generations of Muslim Americans of both immigrant and convert backgrounds. As these younger Muslims come of age, and as distant as they are from historical processes that shaped their parents’ generations, how do they view themselves and each other? What role do they play in the current chapter of Islam in a post-9/11 America? Will they be able to cross intra-community divides and play a pivotal role in shaping their community? Culture figures prominently in the discussions about and among Muslims and is centered on four dominant narratives: 1) culture is thought to be the underlying cause of an alleged “identity crisis,” 2) it presumably contaminates a “pure/true” Islam, 3) it is the cause for all that divides Muslim American immigrants and converts, which could be remedied by creating an American Muslim community and culture, and 4) some Americans fear an “Islamization of America” through a Muslim cultural takeover. In this ethnographic study, Muna Ali explores these questions through these four dominant narratives, which are both part of the public discourse and themes that emerged from interviews, a survey, social and traditional media, and participant observation. Situating these questions and narratives in identity studies in a pluralistic yet racialized society, as well as in the anthropology of Islam and in the process and meaning of cultural citizenship, Ali examines how younger Muslims see themselves and their community, how they negotiate fault lines of ethnicity, race, class, gender, and religious interpretation within their communities, and how their faith informs their daily lives and how they envision a future for themselves in post-911 America.

scholarly journals Sociolinguistic Markers of Friendship Among Persons With Dementia in Long-Term Care

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 575-575
Author(s):  
Pamela Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Pronominal Reference ◽  
Field Notes

Abstract Sociolinguistics and discourse analysis provide tools through which to examine how friendship is socially constructed through language and communication. Research on social isolation and loneliness reveals the importance of social interaction on the psychological and physical health of older adults. Given that linguistic, communicative, and functional abilities decline as dementia progresses, it is challenging to identify markers of friendship. The Friendship Project is an ethnographic study of social interaction among persons with dementia living in a long-term care setting. The data are from transcripts and field-notes of social interactions among residents with a range of cognitive impairments over a six-month time period. Results reveal that persons with dementia employ specific linguistic features such as narrative, evaluation, evidentials, and pronominal reference to make meaning and create relationships over time. Practical implications will be discussed.

EU-China Student and Academic Staff Mobility: Present Situation and Future Developments

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile Mathou ◽  
Jin Yan
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Academic Staff ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Research Process ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
The Past ◽  
Comprehensive Information

Abstract The objective of this study was to provide comprehensive information about student and academic staff mobility between the European Union (EU) and China as well as the main strategies and policies in place to promote mobility. Based on quantitative and qualitative data provided by national authorities and various stakeholders consulted throughout the research process, the study aimed at taking stock of the situation and identifying trends regarding EU-China learning mobility over the past ten years. It also aimed at drawing recommendations to improve current and future mobility actions between the two regions.

scholarly journals Using video in childbirth research

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Davis Harte ◽  
Caroline SE Homer ◽  
Athena Sheehan ◽  
Nicky Leap ◽  
Maralyn Foureur
Keyword(s):  
Video Recording ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Ethics Committee ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Australian Health ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Video Research ◽  
Unit Design ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Background: Conducting video-research in birth settings raises challenges for ethics review boards to view birthing women and research-midwives as capable, autonomous decision-makers. Aim: This study aimed to gain an understanding of how the ethical approval process was experienced and to chronicle the perceived risks and benefits. Research design: The Birth Unit Design project was a 2012 Australian ethnographic study that used video recording to investigate the physical design features in the hospital birthing space that might influence both verbal and non-verbal communication and the experiences of childbearing women, midwives and supporters. Participants and research context: Six women, 11 midwives and 11 childbirth supporters were filmed during the women’s labours in hospital birth units and interviewed 6 weeks later. Ethical considerations: The study was approved by an Australian Health Research Ethics Committee after a protracted process of negotiation. Findings: The ethics committee was influenced by a traditional view of research as based on scientific experiments resulting in a poor understanding of video-ethnographic research, a paradigmatic view of the politics and practicalities of modern childbirth processes, a desire to protect institutions from litigation, and what we perceived as a paternalistic approach towards protecting participants, one that was at odds with our aim to facilitate situations in which women could make flexible, autonomous decisions about how they might engage with the research process. Discussion: The perceived need for protection was overly burdensome and against the wishes of the participants themselves; ultimately, this limited the capacity of the study to improve care for women and babies. Conclusion: Recommendations are offered for those involved in ethical approval processes for qualitative research in childbirth settings. The complexity of issues within childbirth settings, as in most modern healthcare settings, should be analysed using a variety of research approaches, beyond efficacy-style randomised controlled trials, to expand and improve practice-based results.

New and modern history of the Arab world

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rouben Karapetyan
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Modern History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Oriental Studies

The textbook covers the main events and developments in the recent history of the Arab world. The key issues of the past and present of the major Arab countries are examined. The general patterns, main stages and peculiarities of the historical development of these countries are presented. The work is designed for students of the faculties of “Oriental Studies”, “History” and “International Relations”, as well as wide range of readers interested in the history of the Arab world.

Exploring hospital nurses’ transitional medication management for older patients with multi-morbidity: An ethnographic study

2021 ◽  
pp. 205715852110617
Author(s):  
Mette Geil Kollerup ◽  
Birgitte Schantz Laursen
Keyword(s):  
Older Patients ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Medication Management ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Hospital Nurses ◽  
Assessment Skills ◽  
Field Notes

Transitional medication management, in which individual needs are balanced against organizational priorities, is crucial for safe discharge processes. The aim of this study was to explore hospital nurses’ transitional medication management in the discharge of older patients with multi-morbidity. Using an ethnographic approach the data were collected through participant observations at a mixed medical ward at a Danish university hospital for two weeks. The participants were five registered nurses, responsible for nursing care of 23 patients with multi-morbidity and planned for discharge. The data comprised field notes that were analysed using iterative processes of domain, taxonomic and component analysis. The reporting adhered to the COREQ checklist. Hospital nurses’ transitional medication management was characterized by unpredictability and inconsistency in patient situations, fragmentation and discontinuity in working processes and complexity in communication systems. Special attention to nurses’ needs assessment skills and clinical decision making in caring for patients with multi-morbidity in a single focused healthcare system is required.

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