Formatting Print on OTC Drug Labels to Benefit Seniors' Knowledge Acquisition Performance

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (20) ◽  
pp. 1481-1481
Author(s):  
Michael S. Wogalter ◽  
William J. Vigilante
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Information Acquisition ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
White Space ◽  
Acquisition Performance ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Low Performance ◽  
Print Size ◽  
Better Than

This research examines consumers' ability to acquire information from a simulated OTC medication bottle. Twelve otherwise identical OTC drug bottles were compared that had back labels which varied in (a) print size, (b) amount of white space between text, and (c) label design (standard vs. extended/pull-out). A no back label condition served as a control. Seniors (mean age = 78 years, SD = 7.4) and undergraduate students were given one of the 12 bottles and asked to perform one of two information acquisition tasks: (a) they examined the bottle for 3 minutes and then completed a questionnaire with the bottle was absent or (b) they answered the same questionnaire while the bottle was present. The undergraduates' performance in both information acquisition tasks was significantly better than the seniors for all label conditions except the control condition where both groups' low performance did not differ. Seniors' performance was significantly better in the medium and large print conditions than in the small print. Seniors' performance in the small print conditions did not differ from the control condition. Undergraduates showed no performance differences among the different small print conditions. No substantial effects of white space were found. For both participant groups, performance was better when the questionnaire was present compared to absent (i.e., recall from memory). While undergraduates' knowledge acquisition was unaffected by print size, the seniors performance was aided by the extended/pull-out label which allowed the use of medium and large print. Given that seniors comprise a large and increasing proportion of the population and they use more OTC medications compared to other age groups, extended label designs allowing larger print should be used.

Sarcopenia is an actual problem in chronic kidney disease of the 5d stage

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
I. V. Lavrishcheva ◽  
A. Sh. Rumyantsev ◽  
M. V. Zakharov ◽  
N. N. Kulaeva ◽  
V. M. Somova
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease Stage ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
European Working ◽  
Low Performance ◽  
6 Minute Walk Test

BACKGROUND. The lack of data on the epidemiology of presarcopenia/sarcopenia leads to an underestimation of the role of this condition in the structure of morbidity and mortality of haemodialysis patients in theRussian Federation. THE AIM: to study the epidemiological aspects of presarcopenia /sarcopenia in patients with chronic kidney disease stage 5d. PATIENTS AND METHODS. This study comprised 317 patients receiving programmed bicarbonate haemodialysis for 8.2 ± 5.1 years, among them 171 women and 146 men, the average age was 57.1 ± 11.3 years. The assessment of the presence of sarcopenia was performed using the method recommended by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. RESULTS. The prevalence of presarcopenia was 0.7 % and sarcopenia 29.6 %. The incidence of skeletal muscle mass deficiency according to muscle mass index (IMM) was 30.3 %, 48.7 % showed a decrease in muscle strength according to dynamometry, and low performance of skeletal muscles according to 6 minute walk test was determined in 42.8 %. Sarcopenia patients were significantly characterized by lower body mass index, as well as higher body fat mass values. The duration of haemodialysis (χ2 = 22.376, p = 0.0001) and the patient's age (χ2 = 10.545 p = 0.014) were an independent risk factors for the development of sarcopenia. CONCLUSION. Sarcopenia is recorded more frequently in hemodialysis patients than presarcopenia. Its prevalence increases among patients of older age groups and with a hemodialysis duration of more than 5 years. The age and experience of dialysis make their independent contribution to the development of this syndrome.

How success enhances self-serving bias: A multinomial process model of the Implicit Association Test

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongyang Wang ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
Zheng Jin ◽  
Timothy Tamunang Tamutana
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Desirable Outcome ◽  
Subsequent Application ◽  
External Forces ◽  
Better Than

Self-serving bias is individuals' belief that leads them to blame external forces when bad things happen and to give themselves credit when good things happen. To evaluate how underlying evaluative associations toward the self or others differ between individuals, and/or how the regulation mechanism of the influence of such associations differs, we used a multinomial process model to measure the underlying implicit self-esteem in these processes with 56 Chinese undergraduate students. The results indicated that participants assessed themselves as being better than others when their performance was followed by a desirable outcome. Subsequent application of the quadruple processes showed that both activation of positive associations toward self and regulation of the associations played important roles in attitudinal responses. Our findings may provide a supplementary explanation to that of previous results, promoting understanding of the mechanism underlying self-serving bias.

Achieving structured knowledge management with a novel online group decision support system

2020 ◽  
pp. 026666692096984
Author(s):  
Wesley Shu ◽  
Songquan Pang ◽  
Minder Chen
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Group Decision Support System ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Knowledge Conversion ◽  
Group Problem Solving ◽  
The People ◽  
Mixed Factorial Design ◽  
Better Than

Knowledge management (KM) is a complicated process that involves socialization, externalization, combination, and internalization and requires close collaboration among the people involved. Although Nonaka proposed the SECI (Socialization, Externalization, Combination, Internalization) model and the concept of Ba, which provides a process-oriented view of knowledge creation and transfer, practicing it is rather ad hoc. COVID-19 has provided a chance for practitioners to find a new method for KM. In this study, we adapted a group problem-solving system called TeamSpirit and structured it as a Ba for the SECI model. We then compared TeamSpirit with two other implementations of Ba, email and face-to-face communication, to evaluate their effects on knowledge externalization, knowledge combination, and knowledge internalization. Then, we evaluated whether these knowledge-conversion processes could improve knowledge acquisition and intention to share knowledge. A 3 × 2 mixed factorial design experiment was conducted. The results show that (a) TeamSpirit was better than the others, and face-to-face was better than email for each of the three knowledge conversion processes (externalization, combination, and internalization) and (b) the better the team’s knowledge conversion process lead, the stronger its knowledge acquisition and knowledge-sharing intention.

Perception of Word Junctures by Children

1995 ◽  
Vol 80 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1075-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore De Marco ◽  
Roxanne M. Harrell
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Relative Magnitude ◽  
Young Group ◽  
Sentence Context ◽  
Linguistic Context ◽  
Top Down ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Meaningful Context ◽  
Better Than

A comparative study was undertaken to assess the relative magnitude of the effects of linguistic context on the perception of word-juncture boundaries in 30 young school-aged children, 30 older school-aged children, and 30 adults. Minimally contrasted two-word phrases differing in word-juncture boundaries were embedded in a meaningful sentence context, nonmeaningful sentence context, and in neutral phrase context. Groups performed similarly in the neutral phrase context, and two older groups performed better than the young group in the meaningful context. The poorest performances occurred during the nonmeaningful context, with a significant difference among age groups. Heavier reliance upon top-down processing and less developed linguistic and metalinguistic competence may account for the observed differences among groups.

Physical fitness of rhythmic gymnasts depending on age and level of sports achievements

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (91) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Sterkowicz-Przybycień ◽  
Paula Fundament
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Fitness Tests ◽  
Rhythmic Gymnasts ◽  
Better Than

Aim. The aim of this study was to compare the indices of physical development, frequency and time duration of training, and the results of physical fitness tests depending on age and level of sports achievements among rhythmic gymnasts. Materials and methods. The study comprised 36 rhythmic gymnasts: Gr1 (n=13, 9.0±1.0 years), Gr2 (n=11, 11.36±0.5 years), Gr3 (n=12, 14.27±0.7 years). After standardised sports interview, the groups with lower level of sports achievements (LSL) (n=20) and higher level of sports achievements (HSL) (n=16) were defined. Measurements of body height and mass were performed. The study participants performed the broad jump test, Unipedal Stance Test with Eyes Open (UPST-EO) and Eyes Closed (EC), and the rhythmic gymnastics specific coordinative test with a hoop. Results. The number of training sessions per week and their duration did not depend on age. The results of the broad jump were significantly different for groups Gr1, Gr2 and Gr3 (F=27.02, p<0.01). The average results for the 3 trials of UPST-EO in Gr2 and Gr3 were better than in Gr1 (F=5.51, p=0.008). The average result of UPST-EC for Gr3 was also significantly better than for Gr1 (W=9.53, p=0.008). The hoop test showed differences for all age groups Gr1<Gr3<Gr2 (F=11.55, p<0.001). HSL athletes were significantly different from LSL in frequency and duration of training, average results from 3 trials of UPST-EO, UPSTEC and the best result of UPST-EC (p<0.05). Conclusions. Differences between groups in physical fitness tests results depended on gymnasts’ age and showed their usefulness in the control of training at a particular stage of sports development. HSL gymnasts predominated over LSL in results of the one-leg standing position postural balance test with eyes opened and closed. The detected differences can be useful for coaches in identifying and developing gymnastic talent.

scholarly journals Neuropsychological Differences Related to Age in Dementia with Lewy Bodies

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Nagahama ◽  
Tomoko Okina ◽  
Norio Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Recent Memory ◽  
Better Than

Background/Aims: To examine the influence of age on neuropsychological performances in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer disease (AD) patients. Methods: We examined memory, executive, and visuo-constructional performances in 202 DLB patients and 236 AD patients. We divided the subjects into three age groups (65–74, 75–84, and 85–95 years old), and evaluated the differences in neuropsychological performances. Results: Recent memory in the DLB group was significantly better than that in the age-matched AD group when comparing the age groups 65–74 years and 75–84 years; however, memory impairment in the DLB patients in the age group 85–95 years was comparable with that in the age-matched AD patients. In contrast to recent memory, the other assessed neuropsychological performances, such as visuospatial and executive functions, showed no significant change in differences between the DLB and AD groups with advancing age. Conclusion: Our study revealed that the nature of memory impairment in DLB patients changes according to age. DLB patients in the young-old and old-old age groups showed significantly better memory performance than the age-matched AD patients, whereas memory performance of the DLB patients in the oldest-old age group was similar to that of the age-matched AD patients. This may be associated with the increased rate of coexisting AD pathology in DLB patients with older age.

scholarly journals Efficient Parameterized Word Matching Using Bit-Parallelism and Partitioning the Text

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Rajesh Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Results ◽  
Brute Force ◽  
White Space ◽  
Matching Problem ◽  
One To One ◽  
Brute Force Approach ◽  
Better Than

Word matching problem is to find all the exact occurrences of a pattern P[0...m-1] in the text T[0...n-1], where P neither contains any white space nor preceded and followed by space. In the parameterized word matching problem, a given word P[0...m-1] is said to match with a sub-word t of the text T[0...n-1], if there exists a one-to-one correspondence between the symbols of P and the symbols of t. Exact Word Matching (EWM) problem has been previously solved by partitioning the text into number of tables in the pre-processing phase and then applying either brute force approach or fast hashing during the searching process. This paper presents an extension of EWM problem for parameterized word matching. It first split the text into number of tables in the pre-processing phase and then applying prev-encoding and bit-parallelism technique, Parameterized Shift-Or (PSO) during the searching phase. Experimental results show that this technique performs better than PSO.

scholarly journals PERANAN KOPERASI SEBAGAI BENTUK IMPLEMENTASI EKONOMI PANCASILA DI ERA DIGITAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Wiwi Warsiati ◽  
Tiris Sudartono ◽  
Riana Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Cost Savings ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Low Performance ◽  
Online Stores ◽  
And Training ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Cooperative Governance

The role of cooperatives on the economy in Indonesia is still low due to low performance and cooperative governance not based on good cooperative governance. Cooperatives find it difficult to develop because they are unable to keep up with changes in the digital era. Pancasila economics was explored and built on the values adopted in Indonesian society which put forward the principles of humanity, nationalism, and cooperative democracy demanded to make a transformation so as not to be left behind by members and society. The Kopti cooperative consists of entrepreneurs who know tempeh has the potential to make changes because the quality of human resources is better than other cooperatives. Cooperatives must build creative and innovative characters for cooperative mobilizers through education and training. Cooperative in the digital era by implementing Information Networks, e-commerce online stores that have advantages such as Cost Savings, Potential Income, Extensive sales, Ease in targeting customers, Facilitating the process when orders increase Keywords: cooperatives, digital era

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 transmission across age groups in France and implications for control

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile Tran Kiem ◽  
Paolo Bosetti ◽  
Juliette Paireau ◽  
Pascal Crépey ◽  
Henrik Salje ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Targeted Intervention ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Intervention Measures ◽  
Better Than

AbstractThe shielding of older individuals has been proposed to limit COVID-19 hospitalizations while relaxing general social distancing in the absence of vaccines. Evaluating such approaches requires a deep understanding of transmission dynamics across ages. Here, we use detailed age-specific case and hospitalization data to model the rebound in the French epidemic in summer 2020, characterize age-specific transmission dynamics and critically evaluate different age-targeted intervention measures in the absence of vaccines. We find that while the rebound started in young adults, it reached individuals aged ≥80 y.o. after 4 weeks, despite substantial contact reductions, indicating substantial transmission flows across ages. We derive the contribution of each age group to transmission. While shielding older individuals reduces mortality, it is insufficient to allow major relaxations of social distancing. When the epidemic remains manageable (R close to 1), targeting those most contributing to transmission is better than shielding at-risk individuals. Pandemic control requires an effort from all age groups.

scholarly journals Performance in Nonword Repetition Tasks among Mandarin- English Bilingual Children in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chai Ping Woon ◽  
Ngee Thai Yap ◽  
Hui Woan Lim
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Nonword Repetition ◽  
Developmental Trend ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Development Delay ◽  
Qualitative Measure ◽  
Larger Sample ◽  
Better Than

The nonword repetition (NWR) task has been used to measure children’s expressive language skills, and it has been argued to have potential as an early language delay/ impairment detection tool as the NWR task can be conducted rather easily and quickly to obtain a quantitative as well as a qualitative measure of children’s attention to lexical and phonological information. This paper reports the performance of two NWR tasks among thirty bilingual Mandarin-English preschoolers between the age of four through six. The study indicated that performance in the NWR tasks showed a developmental trend with older children performing better than younger children. Word length also had a significant effect on performance, possibly an effect from better short-term memory capacity as the child grew older. The children also performed better in the Mandarin NWR task compared to the English NWR task. These findings suggest potential clinical applications for diagnosis of children with language impairment or at risk of language development delay. However, further studies should improve on the tasks to verify its efficacy and to obtain norms for performance with a larger sample of children at various age groups.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document