Perception of Word Junctures by Children

1995 ◽  
Vol 80 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1075-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore De Marco ◽  
Roxanne M. Harrell
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Relative Magnitude ◽  
Young Group ◽  
Sentence Context ◽  
Linguistic Context ◽  
Top Down ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Meaningful Context ◽  
Better Than

A comparative study was undertaken to assess the relative magnitude of the effects of linguistic context on the perception of word-juncture boundaries in 30 young school-aged children, 30 older school-aged children, and 30 adults. Minimally contrasted two-word phrases differing in word-juncture boundaries were embedded in a meaningful sentence context, nonmeaningful sentence context, and in neutral phrase context. Groups performed similarly in the neutral phrase context, and two older groups performed better than the young group in the meaningful context. The poorest performances occurred during the nonmeaningful context, with a significant difference among age groups. Heavier reliance upon top-down processing and less developed linguistic and metalinguistic competence may account for the observed differences among groups.

An imaging measurement study of normal knee parameters in southeast China

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huitong Liu ◽  
Bingqiang Xu ◽  
Eryou Feng ◽  
Shizhang Liu ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Tibial Plateau ◽  
Femoral Condyle ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Group ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Valgus Angle ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Knee

Background: Imaging measurement of distal femur and proximal tibia has been the hot point in the research of total knee arthroplasty and prosthesis development, which is an important treatment for patients with advanced knee joint disease. This study retrospectively investigated the digital imaging measurement of normal knee parameters in southeast China and evaluated their clinical value. Methods: From February 2010 to May 2014, and in accordance with the inclusion criteria, a total of 677 knees (334 female knees and 343 male knees) were categorized into 3 age groups. Clinical and digital imaging data, including the distal femoral condyle diameter (FCD), tibial plateau diameter (TPD), the distance between the medial tibial plateau and fibular head (DPF), tibiofemoral valgus angle, distal femoral valgus angle, proximal tibia (PT) varus angle and the angle from femoral condyle to tibial perpendicular (FT), were measured by using AutoCAD 10.0 software. All measured variables were statistically analyzed by SPSS statistical software (version 18.0). Results: Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. The normal female and male femoral condyle diameter was (7.69 ± 0.46) cm and (8.68 ± 0.55) cm, while the normal female and male tibial plateau diameter was (7.66 ± 0.46) cm and (8.60 ± 0.55) cm, respectively. The normal female and male DPF was (0.76 ± 0.36) cm and (0.79 ± 0.36) cm. For females and males, the tibiofemoral valgus angle and distal femoral valgus angle were (3.89 ± 2.20) ° and (3.29 ± 2.12) °, (9.03 ± 2.18) ° and (8.25 ± 2.20) °. As the two methods to measure tibial plateau varus angle, PT angle of normal female and male was (4.29 ± 1.86) ° and (4.84 ± 2.23) °, while the normal female and male FT angle was (5.34 ± 1.95) ° and (5.52 ± 2.07) °. Based on the data obtained, we found significant differences between the two genders in terms of the femoral condyle diameter and tibial plateau diameter in all age groups (P < 0.01). The DPF parameter showed an obvious difference between the young group and the middle-aged group (P < 0.05), and no significant difference was observed between the sides and genders (P > 0.05). The distal femoral valgus angle showed statistical differences between genders in the left side of the young group and middle-aged group (P < 0.05), while angle PT and FT showed no significant difference (P > 0.05). Conclusion: A large number of knee measurements was obtained, and a local knee database was developed in this study. Imaging measurement prior to total knee arthroplasty is clinically important for increasing the accuracy and long-term efficacy of total knee arthroplasty. These data can also provide useful information for knee surgery and sports medicine as well as prosthesis development.

Effect of Aging on Acquisition and Short-Term Retention of a Motor Skill

1978 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 993-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark H. Anshel
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skill ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Group ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Retention ◽  
Better Than

26 elderly ( M = 74.2 yr.) and 26 younger subjects ( M = 23.4 yr.) were compared for their ability to learn and retain a novel motor skill (limb repositioning). Both age groups demonstrated significant improvement in performance, but elders gained statistically significantly better than younger subjects. The young group, however, was significantly superior to elders in terms of performance across trials. No significant differences between the age groups were noted on motor short-term retention trials. Elderly subjects did not retain more or less than younger participants.

The Effects of Animation on the Guessability of Universal Healthcare Symbols for Middle-Aged and Older Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 001872082110609
Author(s):  
Hao Chen ◽  
Chao Liu ◽  
Szu-Erh Hsu ◽  
Ding-Hau Huang ◽  
Chia-Yi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Universal Healthcare ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Symbol Comprehension ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
Better Than

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate whether animation can help to improve the comprehension of universal healthcare symbols for middle-aged and older adults. Background The Hablamos Juntos (HJ) healthcare symbol system is a set of widely used universal healthcare symbols that were developed in the United States. Some studies indicated that HJ healthcare symbols are not well-understood by users in non-English-speaking areas. Other studies found that animations can improve users’ comprehension of complex symbols. Thus, we wanted to test whether animation could help to improve users’ comprehension of HJ symbols. Methods The participants included 40 middle-aged and 40 older adults in Taiwan. We redesigned the 12 HJ symbols into three visual formats—static, basic animation, and detailed animation—and compared them to find which best improved the participants’ guessability scores. Results (1) Middle-aged adults’ comprehension of static and basic animated symbols was significantly better than that of older adults, but there was no significant difference in the guessability scores between the two age groups in terms of detailed animated symbols; (2) In general, both basic animation and detailed animation significantly improved the guessability score, but the effect with detailed animation was significantly greater than that with basic animation; (3) Older women were more receptive to detailed animation and showed better guessing performance. Conclusion Detailed animation contains more details and provides a more complete explanation of the concept of the static symbols, helping to improve the comprehension of HJ symbols for middle-aged and older adult users. Application Our findings provide a reference for the possibility of new style symbol design in the digital and aging era, which can be applied to improve symbol comprehension.

scholarly journals Survival Outcomes of Hemoperfusion and Hemodialysis versus Hemodialysis in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Wendi Cheng ◽  
Yashuang Luo ◽  
Haiyin Wang ◽  
Xiaoxiao Qin ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Esrd Patients ◽  
Better Than

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The maintenance treatment of ESRD puts a great burden on individual patients, society, and the country of China as a whole. Hemoperfusion plus hemodialysis (HP + HD) in ESRD patients can yield modified outcomes such as prolonged life expectancy and improved dialysis quality and quality of life. This study aimed to systematically analyze the effect of HP + HD on the overall survival (OS) rates of ESRD patients and to provide support for clinical decision-making. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A computerized search was performed in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang Data and SinoMed databases for relevant original research articles. Studies were included or excluded based on their compliance with predefined selection criteria. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Twelve studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and quantitative synthesis (meta-analysis). The meta-analysis showed that the 1-year OS rate (odds ratio [OR]: 3.35, 95% CI: 1.89, 5.91, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05), 2-year OS rate (OR: 2.88, 95% CI: 1.84, 4.53, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05), and 5-year OS rate (χ<sup>2</sup> = 4.3092, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05) of patients with ESRD treated with HP + HD were better than those treated with HD, but there was no significant difference in 3-year OS rate (OR: 1.97, 95% CI: 0.76, 5.06, <i>p</i> &#x3e; 0.05). Subgroup analysis showed the same outcomes in different study designs (1-year OS rate: randomized controlled trials [RCTs]: OR: 4.38, 95% CI: 1.61, 11.88, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05; cohort studies: OR: 2.90, 95% CI: 1.44, 5.85, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05; 2-year OS rate: RCTs: OR: 2.99, 95% CI: 1.84, 4.84, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05) and different age-groups (1-year OS rate: 45–50 years: OR: 3.19, 95% CI: 1.55, 6.57, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05; 55–60 years: OR: 3.37, 95% CI: 1.07, 10.61, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05; 2-year OS rate: 50–55 years: OR: 2.86, 95% CI: 1.59, 5.16, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05: 60–65 years: OR: 4.41, 95% CI: 1.19, 16.30, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> This meta-analysis suggests that the OS rates of ESRD patients treated with HP + HD were better than those of patients treated with HD. A speculative hypothesis for why this is the case may be that HP + HD can achieve the complementary elimination of metabolites, effectively preventing and treating complications caused by long-term dialysis and prolonging life expectancy. Therefore, HP + HD should be widely used in ESRD patients.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Serum Selenium Status by Age and Gender: A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study in Western Romania

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1497
Author(s):  
Teofana Otilia Bizerea-Moga ◽  
Laura Pitulice ◽  
Otilia Bizerea-Spiridon ◽  
Tudor Voicu Moga
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Young Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Serum Selenium ◽  
Male Reproductive Function ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Western Romania ◽  
Gpx Activity

Selenium, residing in a series of selenoproteins, plays an important role in both female and male reproductive function. Of particular significance for reproduction is the antioxidant glutathione peroxidase (GPx), a main selenoenzyme, whose level is regulated by the availability of Se in the body. We hypothesized that changes in Se status, closely related to GPx activity, would result in an increased risk of reproductive dysfunction in individuals. We retrospectively investigated the serum selenium (SeS) concentrations of 1264 apparently healthy people, aged 16–89 years, from Western Romania. The general analysis revealed a non-normal SeS distribution with a median SeS of 100.26 ± 18.32 μg/L and a significant difference in SeS levels between age groups. The analysis of the young group (16–35 years) revealed that up to 50% of individuals did not reach the SeS threshold corresponding to maximum GPx activity (80 μg/L), and a significant imbalance between the genders was apparent when looking at SeS values outside the range. Our results correlated with the general diminished reproductive ability registered in Romania during the last few years. Serum selenium content proves to offer a proper reflection of the fertility competence of the young population, and its monitoring is important for guiding dietary adjustments and attaining normal reproductive function.

scholarly journals Comparison of Lower and Upper Extremity Strength of Individuals with Down Syndrome in Terms of Age Groups and Gender

GYMNASIUM ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol XVIII (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonca Ince ◽  
Eren Uluöz
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Rehabilitation Centers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Better Than

The purpose of this study was to compare lower and upper extremity strength of individuals with Down syndrome in terms of age and gender. Nineteen females (52.8%) and 17 males (47.2%) individuals with Down syndrome (Trisomy 21 type) who continue special education and rehabilitation centers participated in the study. The average age of participants was 21.25±6.25 years, average height: 152.18±8.01cm, body weight average: 65.60±18.28kg. There was no statistically significant difference between lower and upper extremity results of Down's syndrome patients (p <0.05). In terms of gender, (Female: 15.8±5.6, male: 11.9 ± 4.8, p=0.03) it were found to be statistically better than boys in terms of horizontal jump (female: 71.7±20.5, male: 55.12±19.7, p=0.02) and vertical jump. As a result, lower and upper extremity strength in different age groups of individuals was found to be similar. However, it can be said that girls with Down syndrome have better explosive strength than men.

scholarly journals Comparative Study: Mental Health of Indian Citizens and Indians Overseas

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VII) ◽  
pp. 3276-3280
Author(s):  
Sukhmani Bal
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Anova Analysis ◽  
Moderate Depression ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
Severe Anxiety ◽  
Better Than

India is becoming the leading nation of immigrant origin in. Every year many people emigrate from India to other countries. Immigration is not easy and comes with its own troubles and has a profound impact on mental health. The aim of the study was to compare the mental health of Indian citizens and Indians overseas (NRIs and POIs). Samples (N=100) were collected from people living in India, Canada and USA falling in the age group of 21-75years. Two self-rated scales Beck depression inventory and Zung self-rated anxiety scale was used to collect the data. The results show that a total of 23% of the samples were suffering from depression. 16% were dealing with mild mood disturbances, 2% with borderline clinical depression, 3% moderate depression, 1% severe depression and 1% extreme depression as self-rated depression and for anxiety the results show that 27% of the sample population were suffering from anxiety issues. 25% had minimal to moderate anxiety levels and 2% had marked to severe anxiety levels as self-rated anxiety. ANOVA analysis was used to compare the two groups it showed that over all there was no significant difference between the two groups. Although while comparing the population in age groups it was found 21-30year old Indian citizen mental health was better than Indians overseas. No significant difference was found in the age groups 330-50years and 50and above.

Speech-Language Pathologists' Perceptions of School-Based Services for Children With Hearing Loss

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 469-478
Author(s):  
Sarah Allen ◽  
Robert Mayo
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Working Relationships ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
School Based ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Positive Feelings ◽  
Children With Hearing Loss ◽  
Perceptions Of School

Purpose School-aged children with hearing loss are best served by a multidisciplinary team of professionals. The purpose of this research was to assess school-based speech-language pathologists' (SLPs) perceptions of their access to, involvement of, and working relationships with educational audiologists in their current work setting. Method An online survey was developed and distributed to school-based SLPs in North Carolina. Results A significant difference in access to and involvement of educational audiologists across the state was found. Conclusions This research contributes to professional knowledge by providing information about current perceptions in the field about interprofessional practice in a school-based setting. Overall, SLPs reported positive feelings about their working relationship with educational audiologists and feel the workload is distributed fairly.

Liver Elastography in Healthy Children Using Three Different Systems – How Many Measurements Are Necessary?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Batman Mjelle ◽  
Anesa Mulabecirovic ◽  
Roald Flesland Havre ◽  
Edda Jonina Olafsdottir ◽  
Odd Helge Gilja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Transient Elastography ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Liver Stiffness ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pediatric Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Elastography

Abstract Purpose Liver elastography is increasingly being applied in screening for and follow-up of pediatric liver disease, and has been shown to correlate well with fibrosis staging through liver biopsy. Because time is of the essence when examining children, we wanted to evaluate if a reliable result can be achieved with fewer acquisitions. Materials and Methods 243 healthy children aged 4–17 years were examined after three hours of fasting. Participants were divided into four age groups: 4–7 years; 8–11 years; 12–14 years and 15–17 years. Both two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE; GE Logiq E9) and point shear wave elastography (pSWE; Samsung RS80A with Prestige) were performed in all participants, while transient elastography (TE, Fibroscan) was performed in a subset of 87 children aged 8–17 years. Median liver stiffness measurement (LSM) values of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 acquisitions were compared with the median value of 10 acquisitions (reference standard). Comparison was performed for all participants together as well as within every specific age group. We investigated both the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with absolute agreement and all outliers more than 10 %, 20 % or ≥ 0.5 or 1.0 kPa from the median of 10 acquisitions. Results For all three systems there was no significant difference between three and ten acquisitions, with ICCs ≥ 0.97. All systems needed 4 acquisitions to achieve no LSM deviating ≥ 1.0 kPa of a median of ten. To achieve no LSM deviating ≥ 20 % of a median of ten acquisitions, pSWE and TE needed 4 acquisitions, while 2D-SWE required 6 acquisitions. Conclusion Our results contradict recommendations of 10 acquisitions for pSWE and TE and only 3 for 2D-SWE.

The influence of osteopathic correction on the rate of various rhythms of the body

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Chernikova ◽  
Yu. P. Potekhina
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Introduction. An osteopathic examination determines the rate, the amplitude and the strength of the main rhythms (cardiac, respiratory and cranial). However, there are relatively few studies in the available literature dedicated to the influence of osteopathic correction (OC) on the characteristics of these rhythms.Goal of research — to study the influence of OC on the rate characteristics of various rhythms of the human body.Materials and methods. 88 adult osteopathic patients aged from 18 to 81 years were examined, among them 30 men and 58 women. All patients received general osteopathic examination. The rate of the cranial rhythm (RCR), respiratory rate (RR) heart rate (HR), the mobility of the nervous processes (MNP) and the connective tissue mobility (CTM) were assessed before and after the OC session.Results. Since age varied greatly in the examined group, a correlation analysis of age-related changes of the assessed rhythms was carried out. Only the CTM correlated with age (r=–0,28; p<0,05) in a statistically significant way. The rank dispersion analysis of Kruskal–Wallis also showed statistically significant difference in this indicator in different age groups (p=0,043). With the increase of years, the CTM decreases gradually. After the OC, the CTM, increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001). The RCR varied from 5 to 12 cycles/min in the examined group, which corresponded to the norm. After the OC, the RCR has increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001), the MNP has also increased (p<0,0001). The initial heart rate in the subjects varied from 56 to 94 beats/min, and in 15 % it exceeded the norm. After the OC the heart rate corresponded to the norm in all patients. The heart rate and the respiratory rate significantly decreased after the OC (р<0,0001).Conclusion. The described biorhythm changes after the OC session may be indicative of the improvement of the nervous regulation, of the normalization of the autonomic balance, of the improvement of the biomechanical properties of body tissues and of the increase of their mobility. The assessed parameters can be measured quickly without any additional equipment and can be used in order to study the results of the OC.

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