Common Region and Spatial Performance Using Map-Like Displays

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (17) ◽  
pp. 1593-1597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Hurts
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Grouping ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
Common Region ◽  
Judgment Accuracy ◽  
Map Reading ◽  
Overlapping Clusters ◽  
Spatial Performance ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
The Common ◽  
Boundary Lines

Three techniques of perceptual grouping were compared in terms of their effect on people's ability to read maps that always remained visible. The techniques differ in the way they create clusters of objects on map-like displays: by using boundary lines to form adjacent “countries” (Common Region), by coloring “city” symbols that belong to the same, contiguous, country in a unique way (Adjacent Color), or by using color to create spatially non-contiguous, overlapping, clusters (Color Only). Subjects were asked to compare the horizontal orientations of two cities at a time, and, in another task, to compare two distances corresponding to three map cities. Results show that orientation statements were verified faster for same-cluster cities than for differentcluster cities, but only in the Common Region condition. Neither distance estimations nor orientation judgments were distorted by any grouping technique, as indicated by an effect on judgment accuracy. The implications of these results for our understanding of map reading ability in relation to techniques for perceptual grouping are discussed.

scholarly journals Common Misconceptions about the Phonological Deficit Theory of Dyslexia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1510
Author(s):  
David L. Share
Keyword(s):  
Struggling Readers ◽  
Phonemic Awareness ◽  
Phonological Processing ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
Discussion Paper ◽  
Phonological Deficit ◽  
Core Deficit ◽  
The Common ◽  
Deficit Theory ◽  
Common Misconceptions

In this discussion paper, I review a number of common misconceptions about the phonological deficit theory (PDH) of dyslexia. These include the common but mistaken idea that the PDH is simply about phonemic awareness (PA), and, consequently, is a circular “pseudo”-explanation or epiphenomenon of reading difficulties. I argue that PA is only the “tip of the phonological iceberg” and that “deeper” spoken-language phonological impairments among dyslexics appear well before the onset of reading and even at birth. Furthermore, not even reading-specific expressions of phonological deficits—PA or pseudoword naming, can be considered circular if we clearly distinguish between reading proper—real meaning-bearing words, or real text, and the mechanisms (subskills) of reading development (such as phonological recoding). I also explain why an understanding of what constitutes an efficient writing system explains why phonology is necessarily a major source of variability in reading ability and hence a core deficit (or at least one core deficit) among struggling readers whether dyslexic or non-dyslexic. I also address the misguided notion that the PDH has now fallen out of favor because most dyslexia researchers have (largely) ceased studying phonological processing. I emphasize that acceptance of the PDH does not imply repudiation of other non-phonological hypotheses because the PDH does not claim to account for all the variance in reading ability/disability. Finally, I ask where neurobiology enters the picture and suggest that researchers need to exercise more caution in drawing their conclusions.

scholarly journals Suara Mahasiswa dari Dua Kota: Perbandingan Pandangan Isola Pos di Bandung dan Balairung di Yogyakarta terhadap Isu Politik di Indonesia, 1991-1998

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-30
Author(s):  
Nisa Rizkiah ◽  
Andi Suwirta ◽  
Encep Supriatna
Keyword(s):  
New Order ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Education Politics ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Government ◽  
Student Press

ABSTRAKSI: Pers mahasiswa menjadi media alternatif pada masa pemerintahan Orde Baru (1966-1998). Pers mahasiswa mampu dan berani melakukan kritik terhadap pemerintah melalui tulisan dalam media yang diterbitkannya. Dengan menggunakan metode historis, hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pers mahasiswa Indonesia, pada periode tahun 1990-an, mulai menunjukan kembali jatidiri dan perannya. “Isola Pos” di Bandung lebih menitikberatkan pemberitaan pada isu-isu besar pendidikan, hal ini karena pendidikan harus dikelola secara benar, jangan dipolitisir, dan harus sesuai dengan cita-cita para pendiri negara-bangsa. Sedangkan “Balairung” di Yogyakarta lebih dominan pada isu-isu politik, karena ianya merupakan langkah untuk melakukan perubahan dalam konteks sosial-politik sebuah negara-bangsa. Meskipun dari segmentasi berita yang diambil berbeda, namun ada benang merah di antara keduanya, yakni sama-sama memiliki tujuan untuk perubahan Indonesia ke arah yang lebih baik, serta melakukan perlawanan terhadap suatu rezim yang dianggap menyimpang dari kebijakan dan cita-cita bersama.KATA KUNCI: Pers Mahasiswa; Pendidikan; Politik; Pemerintah Orde Baru; Kritik Sosial. ABSTRACT: “Students’ Voice of Two Cities: Comparison on Views of Isola Pos in Bandung and Balairung in Yogyakarta toward Political Issues in Indonesia, 1991-1998”. The student’s press was an alternative media during the New Order government (1966-1998). The student’s press was capable and daring to criticize the government through the publication of articles in the media. By using the historical method, this study shows that student press in the period of 1990s, began showed again its identities and roles. The “Isola Pos” in Bandung was choosing more dominant on educational issues, due to that education must be managed properly, not be politicized, and must accordance with the ideals of nation-states’ founders. While “Balairung” in Yogyakarta was more dominant in political issues, due to it was as a step to make changes in the socio-political context. Although the news taken from different segments, but there are the common substances between them, namely they have a goal to change Indonesia into a better direction and the resistance to a regime that is wrong in policy and common ideals.KEY WORD: Student Press; Education; Politics; New Order Government; Social Critics.     About the Authors: Nisa Rizkiah, S.Pd. adalah Alumni Departemen Pendidikan Sejarah FPIPS UPI (Fakultas Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia) di Bandung. Andi Suwirta, M.Hum. dan Dr. Encep Supriatna adalah Dosen di Departemen Pendidikan Sejarah FPIPS UPI di Bandung, Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Penulis bisa dihubungi melalui emel di: [email protected] Citation: Rizkiah, Nisa, Andi Suwirta Encep Supriatna. (2018). “Suara Mahasiswa dari Dua Kota: Perbandingan Pandangan Isola Pos di Bandung dan Balairung di Yogyakarta terhadap Isu Politik di Indonesia, 1991-1998” in MIMBAR PENDIDIKAN: Jurnal Indonesia untuk Kajian Pendidikan, Volume 3(1), Maret, pp.11-30. Bandung, Indonesia: UPI [Indonesia University of Education] Press, ISSN 2527-3868 (print) and 2503-457X (online). Chronicle of the article: Accepted (January 15, 2018); Revised (February 17, 2018); and Published (March 30, 2018).

scholarly journals Characterization of a Novel Plasmid-Mediated Cephalosporinase (CMY-9) and Its Genetic Environment in an Escherichia coli Clinical Isolate

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 2427-2434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohei Doi ◽  
Naohiro Shibata ◽  
Keigo Shibayama ◽  
Kazunari Kamachi ◽  
Hiroshi Kurokawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Gene Cassette ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Common Region ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
The Common ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACT An Escherichia coli strain, HKYM68, which showed resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins was isolated from a sputum specimen in Japan. The high-level resistance of the strain to ceftazidime, cefpirome, and moxalactam was carried by a self-transferable plasmid. The β-lactamase gene responsible for the resistance was cloned and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence of this gene product, CMY-9, had a single amino acid substitution (E85D), the residue reported to be part of the recognition site for the R1 side chain of β-lactams, compared with the amino acid sequence of CMY-8 and also had 78% identity with the amino acid sequence of CepH, a chromosomal cephalosporinase of Aeromonas hydrophila. A sul1-type class 1 integron containing an aacA1-orfG gene cassette was identified upstream of bla CMY-9 and ended with a truncated 3′ conserved segment. The following 2.1 kb was almost identical to the common region of integrons In6 and In7 and the integron of pSAL-1, except that orf513 encoding a putative transposase was identified instead of orf341 due to addition of a single nucleotide. bla CMY-9 was closely located downstream of the end of the common region. These observations are indicative of the exogenous derivation of bla CMY-9 from some environmental microorganisms such as aeromonads.

scholarly journals Evidence of inter-component recombination, intra-component recombination and reassortment in banana bunchy top virus

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 1103-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisy Stainton ◽  
Simona Kraberger ◽  
Matthew Walters ◽  
Elizabeth J. Wiltshire ◽  
Karyna Rosario ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Gene ◽  
Full Genome ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
Common Region ◽  
Banana Bunchy Top Virus ◽  
Recombination Hotspot ◽  
Recombination Hotspots ◽  
The Common ◽  
Ssdna Viruses

Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV; family Nanoviridae, genus Babuvirus) is a multi-component, ssDNA virus, which causes widespread banana crop losses throughout tropical Africa and Australasia. We determined the full genome sequences of 12 BBTV isolates from the Kingdom of Tonga and analysed these together with previously determined BBTV sequences to show that reassortment and both inter- and intra-component recombination have all been relatively frequent occurrences during BBTV evolution. We found that whereas DNA-U3 components display evidence of complex inter- and intra-component recombination, all of the South Pacific DNA-R components have a common intra-component recombinant origin spanning the replication-associated protein gene. Altogether, the DNA-U3 and DNA-M components display a greater degree of inter-component recombination than the DNA-R, -S, -C and -M components. The breakpoint distribution of the inter-component recombination events reveals a primary recombination hotspot around the 5′ side of the common region major and, in accordance with recombination hotspots detectable in related ssDNA viruses, a secondary recombination hotspot near the origin of virion-strand replication.

Relationships among Young Children's Aural Perception, Listening Condition, and Accurate Reading of Graphic Listening Maps

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce Eastlund Gromko ◽  
Christine Russell
Keyword(s):  
Reading Ability ◽  
Art Music ◽  
Elementary Children ◽  
Separate Analysis ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Accuracy Score ◽  
Listening Condition ◽  
Map Reading ◽  
Aural Discrimination ◽  
Accurate Reading

The purpose of our study was to explore relationships among children's aural perception, music listening condition, and the accuracy of children's reading of listening maps. The aural discrimination skills of 41 elementary children were tested using the Intermediate Measures of Musical Audiation (IMMA). The children were then systematically assigned to one of three listening conditions: passive, unstructured active, or structured active. After listening to European art music according to their assigned condition, every child traced a graphic listening map while listening to the music a second time. Results of an ANCOVA with accuracy of map reading as the dependent variable, listening condition as factor, and IMMA as covariate, showed a significant effect for the IMMA [F (1, 37) = 8.86, p < .01], but no significant effect for listening condition. In a separate analysis, IMMA scores were shown to be related to piano experience. When group means for accuracy of map reading were compared by piano experience, children with piano experience had a significantly higher mean accuracy score of 48.25, SD = 18.75 (n = 16) compared to children with no piano experience, M = 32.44, SD = 17.39 (n = 25), t = 2.76, p < .01. Our results support previous research in which investigators found that music experience explained accuracy of music-reading ability in children and adults.

Unbounded Spatial Data Stream Query Processing using Spatial Semijoins

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Wendy Osborn
Keyword(s):  
Query Processing ◽  
Data Streams ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Data Stream ◽  
Spatial Extent ◽  
Common Region ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Spatial Join ◽  
The Common ◽  
Spatial Data Stream

In this paper, the problem of query processing in spatial data streams is explored, with a focus on the spatial join operation. Although the spatial join has been utilized in many proposed centralized and distributed query processing strategies, for its application to spatial data streams the spatial join operation has received very little attention. One identified limitation with existing strategies is that a bounded region of space (i.e., spatial extent) from which the spatial objects are generated needs to be known in advance. However, this information may not be available. Therefore, two strategies for spatial data stream join processing are proposed where the spatial extent of the spatial object stream is not required to be known in advance. Both strategies estimate the common region that is shared by two or more spatial data streams in order to process the spatial join. An evaluation of both strategies includes a comparison with a recently proposed approach in which the spatial extent of the data set is known. Experimental results show that one of the strategies performs very well at estimating the common region of space using only incoming objects on the spatial data streams. Other limitations of this work are also identified.

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