A Quantitative Measure for Shared and Complementary Situation Awareness

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1823-1827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley A. Cain ◽  
Tamsyn Edwards ◽  
David Schuster
Keyword(s):  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Decision Aids ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Sociotechnical Systems ◽  
Human Operator ◽  
Team Communication ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Measurement Approach

As team structures evolve and become more complex, with human and automated agents working together to accomplish team goals, measurement approaches for system situation awareness must also adapt. This paper proposes a novel approach to the measurement of SA for human automation teams. Limitations of existing individual SA measurement approaches are highlighted with a particular focus on the sensitivity of current measures to knowledge held across human and automated agents in complex sociotechnical systems. We propose that elements from team communication data can be used as a basis for the quantification of shared and complementary situation awareness. We present a conceptual measurement approach for using communication data to measure shared and complementary situation awareness for human-automation teams, appropriate for both open or closed loop communication. This paper discusses how such a measurement approach would be applied specifically for human-automation teams, including automation that functions as decision aids, as managers, and automation that learns with the human operator, and discusses implications of our measure for training and design.

Robotic Telepresence

1986 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
George C. Mohr
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Industrial Robot ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Human Operator ◽  
Closed Loop Control ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Operator Tasks ◽  
High Level

The Air Force sees a need for a militarized robot, designed to perform flight line maintenance and repair operations during a chemical/biological/radiological attack, or to assist man in space operations such as constructing a space station or performing such tasks as satellite inspection, diagnosis, repair, modification or deactivation. Obviously, these tasks require more than the pre-programmed behavior of an industrial robot. To obtain the high degree of adaptability required, the robot needs either the closed-loop control of a human operator, or a high level “artificial intelligence” capable of emulating human cognitive functions. Robotic telepresence is a novel approach to closed-loop control. By coupling the human operator's visual, tactile, motor and cognitive functions with a remote robot's “head, eyes, and hands,” the human operator is placed effectively “in-the-scene.” With this approach, the natural synergism between the human visual system and hands is exploited to endow the robotic system with human-like capacities to inspect, evaluate, and manipulate. Through robotic telepresence technology, the essential human operator tasks can then be performed in a lethally hazardous environment without exposing the human operator directly.

scholarly journals Context-Based Visual Aids to Support the Situation Awareness of Field Engineers Conducting Windstorm Risk Surveys

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1898-1902
Author(s):  
Sruthy Agnisarman ◽  
Kapil Chalil Madathil ◽  
Jeffery Bertrand
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Decision Aids ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Visual Aids ◽  
Loss Prevention ◽  
Predictive Display ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
And Performance

Insurance loss prevention survey, specifically windstorm risk inspection survey is the process of investigating potential damages associated with a building or structure in the event of an extreme weather condition such as a hurricane or tornado. This process is performed by a trained windstorm risk engineer who physically goes to a facility to assess the wind vulnerabilities associated with it. This process is highly subjective, and the accuracy of findings depends on the experience and skillsets of the engineer. Although using sensors and automation enabled systems help engineers gather data, their ability to make sense of this information is vital. Further, their Situation Awareness (SA) can be affected by the use of such systems. Using a between-subjects experimental design, this study explored the use of various context-based visualization strategies to support the SA requirements and performance of windstorm risk engineers. The independent variable included in this study is the type of context-based visualizations used (with 3 levels: no visual aids, checklist based and predictive display based visual aids). We measured SA using SAGAT and performance using a questionnaire. SA and performance were found to be higher for the predictive display and checklist based conditions. The findings from this study will inform the design of context-based decision aids to support the SA of risk engineers.

PEBB System Stability Margin Monitoring

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaogang Feng ◽  
Zhihong Ye ◽  
Fred C. Lee ◽  
Dushan Borojevic
Keyword(s):  
Stability Margin ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Linear Control ◽  
Small Signal ◽  
System A ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Implementation Approach ◽  
Dc Bus ◽  
Response Current ◽  
Measurement Approach

PEBB (power electronics building block) systems are typical nonlinear systems. Under the conventional but still popular linear control design, the system stability margin varies from one operating point to another. This paper introduces a novel approach to monitoring the DC bus stability margin of a PEBB system online. At the steady state of the system, a small-signal perturbation current î p is injected into the DC bus, and the load-side response current î L is measured. By checking the validation |î L ( jw)| < |î p ( jw)|, the system stability margin can be examined. Experiments on a 48 V DC DPS demonstrate the proposed measurement approach. An implementation approach is also proposed for an 800 V DC PEBB-based testbed system.

An integrated approach to evaluate the risk of adverse events in hospital sector

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 2187-2224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Angel Ortiz-Barrios ◽  
Zulmeira Herrera-Fontalvo ◽  
Javier Rúa-Muñoz ◽  
Saimon Ojeda-Gutiérrez ◽  
Fabio De Felice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Decision Aids ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Healthcare Management ◽  
Vikor Method ◽  
Hospital Sector ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Novel Approach

PurposeThe risk of adverse events in a hospital evaluation is an important process in healthcare management. It involves several technical, social, and economical aspects. The purpose of this paper is to propose an integrated approach to evaluate the risk of adverse events in the hospital sector.Design/methodology/approachThis paper aims to provide a decision-making framework to evaluate hospital service. Three well-known methods are applied. More specifically are proposed the following methods: analytic hierarchy process (AHP), a structured technique for organizing and analyzing complex decisions, based on mathematics and psychology developed by Thomas L. Saaty in the 1970s; decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) to construct interrelations between criteria/factors and VIKOR method, a commonly used multiple-criteria decision analysis technique for determining a compromise solution and improving the quality of decision making.FindingsThe example provided has demonstrated that the proposed approach is an effective and useful tool to assess the risk of adverse events in the hospital sector. The results could help the hospital identify its high performance level and take appropriate measures in advance to prevent adverse events. The authors can conclude that the promising results obtained in applying the AHP–DEMATEL–VIKOR method suggest that the hybrid method can be used to create decision aids that it simplifies the shared decision-making process.Originality/valueThis paper presents a novel approach based on the integration of AHP, DEMATEL and VIKOR methods. The final aim is to propose a robust methodology to overcome disadvantages associated with each method.

A Technical Approach to Safe Mode Management for a Smooth Transition from Automatic to Manual Drilling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Cayeux ◽  
Rodica Mihai ◽  
Liv Carlsen ◽  
Morten Ørevik ◽  
Kjartan Birgisson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition State ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Smooth Transition ◽  
Human Operator ◽  
Manual Control ◽  
Construction Operations ◽  
System Failures ◽  
Autonomous Function ◽  
Current State ◽  
The One

Abstract Unexpected situations and system failures during well construction operations are always possible. In the context of drilling automation, or even autonomous drilling, proper automatic management of these situations is of critical importance as the situation awareness of the human operator is very much reduced. The proper management of the transition between automatic and manual modes is necessary to improve the safety of automation solutions. An important characteristic of drilling automation solutions is their ability to cope with unexpected situations. This also encompasses, placing the drilling system in a state that is easy and intuitive for the human operator when manual control is required. Our approach to safe mode management is dependent on a good state estimation of the current conditions of the process. If for any reason, manual control must be regained, then the automated function itself triggers the necessary actions that will ensure a stable current state. In case of a drilling problem or a system failure, the human operator may have to regain control when the context might be totally different from the one left when the automation or autonomous function was enabled. It may even be a different human operator that has to take control, if a crew change has taken place. To make the transition from the automated/autonomous context to manual control, the automation/autonomous system sets the drilling machines in a so-called safe transition state. A safe transition state is one for which leaving the current setpoints of drilling machines untouched for a reasonable amount of time, will not immediately jeopardize the safety of the drilling operation. A safe transition state is contextual as it is not necessarily the same sequence of actions that must be performed to reach the safe transition state every time. The novel safe modes management method is integrated into existing drilling automation solutions. In a drilling automation context, the situation awareness of the human operator is considerably reduced as the automated functions control the process and the human operator is not actively driving the drilling machines. Without active safe mode management, there is a risk that drilling automation solutions may lead to serious situations as the driller may be totally unprepared to regain control in the middle of a critical situation. When it is needed to return to manual mode in the middle of the execution of an automatic procedure, an adequate procedure is executed. The choice of the procedure and its parameters depend on the current state of the process and system.

A Novel Method on Singularity Analysis in Parallel Manipulators

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hodjat Pendar ◽  
Maryam Mahnama ◽  
Hassan Zohoor
Keyword(s):  
Closed Loop ◽  
Parallel Manipulators ◽  
Singularity Analysis ◽  
Parallel Mechanisms ◽  
Kinematic Chains ◽  
Working Space ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Main Technique ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Constraint Plane

A parallel manipulator is a closed loop mechanism in which a moving platform is connected to the base by at least two serial kinematic chains. The main problem engaged in these mechanisms, is their restricted working space as a result of singularities. In order to tackle these problems, many methods have been introduced by scholars. However, most of the mentioned methods are too much time consuming and need a great amount of computations. They also in most cases do not provide a good insight to the existence of singularity for the designer. In this paper a novel approach is introduced and utilized to identify singularities in parallel manipulators. By applying the new method, one could get a better understanding of geometrical interpretation of singularities in parallel mechanisms. Here we have introduced the Constraint Plane Method (CPM) and some of its applications in parallel mechanisms. The main technique used here, is based on Ceva Theorem.

Effect of Audio-Visual Alerts on Situation Awareness and Workload in a Net-Centric Warfare Scenario

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (18) ◽  
pp. 1205-1209
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Ross ◽  
John S. Barnett ◽  
Larry L. Meliza
Keyword(s):  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Human Operator ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Critical Events ◽  
Perceived Workload ◽  
The Common ◽  
Information Advantage ◽  
Inherent Nature

The goal of net-centric warfare (NCW) is to give soldiers an information advantage that leads to a war-fighting advantage. However, the inherent nature of NCW systems is often quite complex and dynamic, which leads to impaired situation awareness (SA) and heightened levels of mental workload for the human operator. The following study investigated the moderating effects of automated audio-visual alerts on user SA and perceived workload while using a net-centric warfare system. Twenty-six participants observed battlefield scenarios on a simulation of the common NCW system, Force XXI Battle Command Brigade and Below (FBCB2), and were required to pay attention and remember critical events (e.g., the appearance of an enemy unit). The system was presented with or without an automated alerting aid that provided combined auditory and visual alerts when certain critical events occurred (i.e., System to Help Implement and Empower Leader Decisions; SHIELD). Results revealed that contrary to current assumptions the use of an automated alerting aid did not impact user SA; however, perceived workload was significantly lower with the addition of the alerting aid. This work demonstrates that the automated alerts used in this NCW experiment do not affect SA (either positively or negatively) and decreased perceived workload.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document