Nonlinguistic Cognitive Impairment in Poststroke Aphasia

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanane El Hachioui ◽  
Evy G. Visch-Brink ◽  
Hester F. Lingsma ◽  
Mieke W. M. E. van de Sandt-Koenderman ◽  
Diederik W. J. Dippel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
First Year ◽  
Abstract Reasoning ◽  
Severity Rating

Background and objectives. Information on cognitive impairment in aphasic patients is limited. Our aim was to investigate the prevalence and course of nonlinguistic cognitive impairments in the first year after stroke and their association with aphasia and functional outcome. Methods. We included 147 patients with acute aphasia. At 3 months and 1 year, we assessed cognition with a nonlinguistic cognitive examination including abstract reasoning, visual memory, visual perception and construction, and executive functioning. We assessed language with a verbal communication rating (Aphasia Severity Rating Scale), the ScreeLing (a linguistic-level screening test), and the Token Test. We evaluated functional outcome with the modified Rankin scale and registered the use of antidepressants. Results. In total, 107 (88%) patients had impairments in at least one nonlinguistic cognitive domain at 3 months and 91 (80%) at 1 year. The most frequently observed impairment concerned visual memory (83% at 3 months; 78% at 1 year) and the least frequent visual perception and construction (19% at 3 months; 14% at 1 year). There was improvement on all cognitive domains including language, except for abstract reasoning. Patients with persisting aphasia had lower cognitive domain scores, worse functional outcome, and were more often depressed than patients who had recovered from aphasia. Conclusions. Standard nonlinguistic cognitive examination is recommended in aphasic stroke patients. Nonlinguistic cognitive impairments are common and associated with poor functional outcome and depression, especially in patients with persisting aphasia.

A Metabolic Imaging Severity Rating Scale for the Assessment of Cognitive Impairment

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 565-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREW NEWBERG ◽  
ADOLFO COTTER ◽  
MICHELLE UDESHI ◽  
ABASS ALAVI ◽  
CHRISTOPHER CLARK
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Metabolic Imaging ◽  
Severity Rating

scholarly journals Cognitive impairment in COPD: a systematic review

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Torres-Sánchez ◽  
Elisabeth Rodríguez-Alzueta ◽  
Irene Cabrera-Martos ◽  
Isabel López-Torres ◽  
Maria Paz Moreno-Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Copd Patients

The objectives of this study were to characterize and clarify the relationships between the various cognitive domains affected in COPD patients and the disease itself, as well as to determine the prevalence of impairment in the various cognitive domains in such patients. To that end, we performed a systematic review using the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. We included articles that provided information on cognitive impairment in COPD patients. The review of the findings of the articles showed a significant relationship between COPD and cognitive impairment. The most widely studied cognitive domains are memory and attention. Verbal memory and learning constitute the second most commonly impaired cognitive domain in patients with COPD. The prevalence of impairment in visuospatial memory and intermediate visual memory is 26.9% and 19.2%, respectively. We found that cognitive impairment is associated with the profile of COPD severity and its comorbidities. The articles reviewed demonstrated that there is considerable impairment of the cognitive domains memory and attention in patients with COPD. Future studies should address impairments in different cognitive domains according to the disease stage in patients with COPD.

scholarly journals Modifying the Mini Cog to Screen for Cognitive Impairment in Non-literate Individuals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shambhu Prasad Adhikari ◽  
Rubee Dev ◽  
Soo Borson
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Word Recall ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Severity Rating ◽  
Cultural Exposure

Abstract Objectives: The Mini-Cog, a rapid, valid, and reliable screening tool for cognitive impairment, consists of 3-word recall and an executive Clock-Drawing Test (CDT). However, CDT requires at least basic literacy and cultural exposure to analog clocks, conditions not met in many population groups around the world. We developed a modification of the Mini-Cog (MMC) for use with non-literate and literate individuals. Methods: Participants were adults (≥ 60 years) with no neurological diagnosis, with known cognitive impairment due to stroke, Parkinsonism, traumatic brain injury or Alzheimer’s disease, and whose family members were able to read and write. We replaced the CDT with two tasks of everyday life: a serial subtraction task or a multistep performance task. Family members rated the acceptability and feasibility of the Mini-Cog versions using a 6-point scale, and completed a proxy-rated cognitive staging tool, the Dementia Severity Rating Scale (DSRS). Spearman’s rho, Mann- Whitney U and Chi-square tests were used to evaluate group differences and associations between measures. Results: Data were collected from 63 participants (75% ≥ 60 years, 67% non-literate). Literacy was associated with CDT (Chi-square strength 0.9, p < 0.001). Both MMC versions correlated with DSRS in healthy adults and patients (rho 0.6-0.7, p < 0.05). In literate individuals, the acceptability and feasibility of CDT and both alternate distractors were similarly high (5/6). Conclusions: Two alternate distractor tasks may successfully replace CDT in the Mini-Cog. The MMC versions are promising and deserve further study as screening tools for cognitive impairment in larger and more fully characterized samples.

Cognitive Interventions in Parkinson’s Disease

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Banks
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Cognitive Interventions ◽  
Nonmotor Symptom

People with Parkinson’s disease frequently demonstrate cognitive impairments, ranging from isolated cognitive impairments to frank dementia. Cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease has a clear impact on quality of life and independence; hence, there is a need to develop treatments that will reliably improve this important nonmotor symptom. Executive functions are the most frequently impacted cognitive domain, and they have been shown in other populations to be amenable to cognitive interventions. This chapter reviews the literature on cognitive interventions in Parkinson’s disease, and it places the literature into the context of cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease. It also reviews studies of cognitive interventions for other conditions. Current gaps in our understanding are highlighted, and proposals for future directions of research in this field are provided.

scholarly journals The Association between Olfactory Function and Cognitive Impairment in Older Persons with Cognitive Impairments: A Cross-Sectional Study

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 399
Author(s):  
Hyangjeong Park ◽  
Heejeong Kim ◽  
Sisook Kim ◽  
Hyegyeong Cha
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Olfactory Function ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The University

Olfactory function is an emerging topic of research in the fields of cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases. We aimed to confirm the association between olfactory function and cognitive impairment by assessing the olfactory function of older persons with cognitive impairment and identify whether olfactory function is associated with cognitive impairment. For this study, we recruited 117 older people aged ≥65 years with cognitive impairments from a public hospital in Korea. We used the Korean version of the expanded clinical dementia rating scale to evaluate participants’ cognitive impairments, and the University of Pennsylvania’s smell identification test to assess their olfactory function. Our results indicate a significant negative correlation between olfactory function and all domains of cognitive impairment (memory, orientation, judgement and problem-solving, community affairs, home and hobbies, and personal care). In addition, olfactory function was a factor associated with cognitive impairment in older persons. Therefore, we expect that our results to provide useful data for the development of interventions using olfactory stimulation to improve cognitive function in older persons with cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals Cognitive Effects and Depression Associated With Taxane-Based Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiman Y. Ibrahim ◽  
Ilaria Domenicano ◽  
Kate Nyhan ◽  
Mohamed Elfil ◽  
Sarah S. Mougalian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Breast Cancer Survivors ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Cognitive Changes

Purpose: This meta-analysis provides a longitudinal assessment of depression and cognitive impairment induced by taxane-based chemotherapy in women with breast cancer after 6 months of treatment. We highlighted the incidence and prevalence, the cognitive pattern in neuropsychological studies, and the relationship between chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment and different risk factors. We estimated the effect sizes on each cognitive domain and differentiated effect sizes by each method of comparison of effects (i.e., baseline data, or control groups).Methods: The databases MEDLINE and Embase were searched for publications about taxane-related cognitive changes in patients with breast cancer published from 1980 to 2019. Cross-sectional and self-reported outcomes studies were excluded except for the depression item. Included studies were assessed for risk of bias with the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. We estimated effect sizes for each cognitive domain and differentiated effect sizes by each method of comparison of effects. The review is reported in compliance with the PRISMA Statement; it was registered prospectively in PROSPERO as CRD42020163255.Results: Eleven studies meeting the criteria were analyzed, which resulted in a sample of 1,057 patients with breast cancer who received chemotherapy including 820 patients (77%) who received taxane-based chemotherapy. Attention and concentration, depression, and executive function domains had significant chemotherapy-induced impairment across all comparison types. Statistically significant improvement was found in language and verbal memory when comparing chemotherapy patients' test scores with baseline or matched controls. Taxane-based chemotherapy had a non-significant effect on processing speed, visual memory, visuospatial, and motor function domains.Conclusions: The occurrence of chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment 6 months or more after the course of treatment in people with breast cancer is frequent in the domains of attention, executive function, and depression. Other domains appear stable or improve with time after treatment cessation.

Functional outcome in psychosis is better determined by negative symptoms than cognitive impairment

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. s262-s262
Author(s):  
A.M. Sánchez-Torres ◽  
M.R. Elosúa ◽  
R. Lorente-Omeñaca ◽  
L. Moreno-Izco ◽  
V. Peralta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Levels Of Functioning ◽  
Relationship Of

IntroductionCognitive impairment is considered the best predictor of functional outcome in psychosis. However, the nature of this relationship still remains to be determined.ObjectiveTo ascertain the relationship of negative symptoms and cognitive impairment with functional outcome in psychosis.MethodsNinety patients with a DSM-IV psychotic disorder diagnosis and 65 healthy controls were included in the study. We assessed the predominant negative symptoms over the course of illness with the Comprehensive Assessment of Symptoms and History (CASH). Functional outcome was assessed with the Specific Levels of Functioning (SLOF). Cognition was assessed with a set of neuropsychological tests, which were normalised to z-scores (regarding controls’ performance). Then, a Global Cognition Index (GCI) was obtained as a mean of the cognitive domains assessed: processing speed, attention, verbal and visual memory, executive functions, working memory and social cognition. We divided the sample in four groups, considering the presence/absence of negative symptoms (cut-off point of 2 in the CASH), and the presence/absence of cognitive impairment (considering a GCI z-score of–1 as cut-off point). We performed a MANOVA to compare the 4 groups’ functional outcome scores.ResultsFig. 1 shows the significant differences between groups regarding functional outcome.ConclusionsThe combination of negative symptoms and cognitive impairment has deleterious effects over functionality, but negative symptoms alone are related to functional outcome, independently of cognitive impairment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Correlating Dementia Severity Rating Scale and Schonberg Index Mortality Risk Scores to Aid Caregiver Medical Decision-Making

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myranda Grismore ◽  
Nicole Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Medical Decision Making ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Medical Decision ◽  
Prognostic Information ◽  
Severity Rating ◽  
Dementia Severity ◽  
The Relationship

Background/Hypothesis:  The 16 million unpaid caregivers serving individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) are more likely to participate in medical decision-making than caregivers of older adults with other chronic conditions. Their decisions may reflect the patient’s severity of cognitive impairment and life expectancy. Analysis of the relationship between these two factors is needed to improve the prognostic information provided to caregivers. ADRD severity can be measured using the Dementia Severity Rating Scale (DSRS), a validated, informant-based multiple-choice questionnaire that assesses functional and cognitive abilities. Life expectancy can be estimated using the Schonberg Index (SI), a validated, predictive mortality index. We hypothesize that DSRS and SI scores will be correlated.    Methods:  A retrospective analysis of data from 230 dyads enrolled in the Decisions about Cancer Screening in Alzheimer’s Disease (DECAD) study was performed. The DECAD study is an ongoing randomized controlled trial enrolling dyads of older women with ADRD and their caregivers to test the benefits of a mammography decision aid. In the study, caregivers completed the DSRS and SI questions. DSRS and SI scores were compared using linear regression analysis. Additionally, 20 DECAD interviews were qualitatively evaluated to explore themes of medical decision-making among ADRD caregivers.    Results:  DSRS scores and SI scores were weakly correlated, yielding an R2 value of 0.1. Interviews revealed that caregivers most frequently considered physician advice, comorbidity status, and patient preferences in decision-making. 67% of moderate ADRD caregivers and 36% of mild ADRD caregivers cited cognitive impairment severity as an influential factor.    Conclusions/Implications:  Further analysis controlling for time since diagnosis will better establish the relationship between DSRS and SI scores. The resulting increase in accuracy of ADRD prognostic information will aid physicians and caregivers in medical decision-making. Furthermore, understanding what influences caregiver decisions will allow for the provision of improved guidance from physicians. 

scholarly journals Modifying the Mini-Cog to Screen for Cognitive Impairment in Nonliterate Individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Shambhu P. Adhikari ◽  
Rubee Dev ◽  
Soo Borson
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Word Recall ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Severity Rating ◽  
Cultural Exposure

Objectives. The Mini-Cog, a rapid, valid, and reliable screening tool for cognitive impairment, consists of 3-word recall and an executive clock drawing test (CDT). However, CDT requires at least basic literacy and cultural exposure to analog clocks, conditions not met in many population groups around the world. We developed a modification of the Mini-Cog (MMC) for use with nonliterate and literate individuals. Methods. Participants were adults (≥60 years) with no neurological diagnosis, with known cognitive impairment due to stroke, Parkinsonism, traumatic brain injury, or Alzheimer’s disease, and whose family members were able to read and write. We replaced the CDT with two tasks of everyday life: a serial subtraction task or a multistep performance task. Family members rated the acceptability and feasibility of the Mini-Cog versions using a 6-point scale and completed a proxy-rated cognitive staging tool, the Dementia Severity Rating Scale (DSRS). Spearman’s rho, Mann-Whitney U , and chi-square tests were used to evaluate group differences and associations between measures. Results. Data were collected from 63 participants ( 75 % ≥ 60   years , 67% nonliterate). Literacy was associated with CDT (chi-square strength 0.9, p < 0.001 ). Both MMC versions correlated with DSRS in healthy adults and patients (rho 0.6-0.7, p < 0.05 ). In literate individuals, the acceptability and feasibility of CDT and both alternate distractors were similarly high (5/6). Conclusions. Two alternate distractor tasks may successfully replace CDT in the Mini-Cog. The MMC versions are promising and deserve further study as screening tools for cognitive impairment in larger and more fully characterized samples.

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