Integrative Neuroscience: The Role of a Standardized Database

2005 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gordon ◽  
N. Cooper ◽  
C. Rennie ◽  
D. Hermens ◽  
L.M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Eyes Open

Most brain related databases bring together specialized information, with a growing number that include neuroimaging measures. This article outlines the potential use and insights from the first entirely standardized and centralized database, which integrates information from neuroimaging measures (EEG, event related potential (ERP), structural/functional MRI), arousal (skin conductance responses (SCR)s, heart rate, respiration), neuropsychological and personality tests, genomics and demographics: The Brain Resource International Database. It comprises data from over 2,000 “normative” subjects and a growing number of patients with neurological and psychiatric illnesses, acquired from over 50 laboratories (in the USA, United Kingdom, Holland, South Africa, Israel and Australia), all with identical equipment and experimental procedures. Three primary goals of this database are to quantify individual differences in normative brain function, to compare an individual's performance to their database peers, and to provide a robust normative framework for clinical assessment and treatment prediction. We present three example demonstrations in relation to these goals. First, we show how consistent age differences may be quantified when large subject numbers are available, using EEG and ERP data from nearly 2,000 stringently screened normative subjects. Second, the use of a normalization technique provides a means to compare clinical subjects (50 ADHD subjects in this study) to the normative database with the effects of age and gender taken into account. Third, we show how a profile of EEG/ERP and autonomic measures potentially provides a means to predict treatment response in ADHD subjects. The example data consists of EEG under eyes open and eyes closed and ERP data for auditory oddball, working memory and Go-NoGo paradigms. Autonomic measures of skin conductance (tonic skin conductance level, SCL, and phasic skin conductance responses, SCRs) were acquired simultaneously with central EEG/ERP measures. The findings show that the power of large samples, tested using standardized protocols, allows for the quantification of individual differences that can subsequently be used to control such variation and to enhance the sensitivity and specificity of comparisons between normative and clinical groups. In terms of broader significance, the combination of size and multidimensional measures tapping the brain's core cognitive competencies, may provide a normative and evidence-based framework for individually-based assessments in “Personalized Medicine.”

Autonomic Arousal in Eating Disorders: Further Evidence for the Clinical Subdivision of Anorexia Nervosa

1983 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Calloway ◽  
Peter Fonagy ◽  
Anthony Wakeling
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Autonomic Arousal ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses ◽  
Conductance Level

SummaryAutonomic arousal, measured by skin conductance level and response, was examined in 36 female patients with eating disorders (anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa) and 32 control subjects. No differences were found between the control group and anorexics who lost weight solely through dieting (restricting anorexics). Patients with a diagnosis of bulimia nervosa and anorexics with bulimic features, however, showed fewer spontaneous skin conductance responses and were faster to habituate to 85 dB tones than either controls or restricting anorexic patients. The pattern of findings supports recent views concerning the clinical subdivision of anorexia nervosa.

Effects of Behavioral Responding on Skin Conductance Level

1969 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 599-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Germana
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Behavioral Response ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Behavioral Requirements ◽  
Conductance Level

The effects of behavioral response requirements on skin conductance level (SCL) were studied. Initial Ss were placed in either a “non-respond” (NR) or a “respond” (R) condition. No clear effects were observed other than large differences in individual response to both conditions. Subsequent use of a within- Ss replication design showed, however, that behavioral requirements have a tonic effect on SCL and that anticipatory changes in SCL may occur prior to the R condition. The results support the hypothesis that autonomic and behavioral events are essentially integrated and, in addition, suggest the efficacy of the within- Ss replication design in treating individual differences.

scholarly journals Salience Network Connectivity Modulates Skin Conductance Responses in Predicting Arousal Experience

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 827-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenjie Xia ◽  
Alexandra Touroutoglou ◽  
Karen S. Quigley ◽  
Lisa Feldman Barrett ◽  
Bradford C. Dickerson
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Salience Network ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses ◽  
Additional Variance ◽  
Connectivity Strength

Individual differences in arousal experience have been linked to differences in resting-state salience network connectivity strength. In this study, we investigated how adding task-related skin conductance responses (SCR), a measure of sympathetic autonomic nervous system activity, can predict additional variance in arousal experience. Thirty-nine young adults rated their subjective experience of arousal to emotionally evocative images while SCRs were measured. They also underwent a separate resting-state fMRI scan. Greater SCR reactivity (an increased number of task-related SCRs) to emotional images and stronger intrinsic salience network connectivity independently predicted more intense experiences of arousal. Salience network connectivity further moderated the effect of SCR reactivity: In individuals with weak salience network connectivity, SCR reactivity more significantly predicted arousal experience, whereas in those with strong salience network connectivity, SCR reactivity played little role in predicting arousal experience. This interaction illustrates the degeneracy in neural mechanisms driving individual differences in arousal experience and highlights the intricate interplay between connectivity in central visceromotor neural circuitry and peripherally expressed autonomic responses in shaping arousal experience.

scholarly journals Effects of Affctive Ambiguity on Emotion Regulation through Affect Labeling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miyu Matsuguma ◽  
Mariko Shirai ◽  
Makoto Miyatani ◽  
Takashi Nakao
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Affect Labeling ◽  
Emotion Word ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses

Putting feelings into words, called affect labeling, has been shown to attenuate emotional responses. However, labeling ambiguous emotional states may reduce the emotion regulation effect because it is difficult to categorize such feelings. Conversely, it may prove more effective by reducing feelings of uncertainty. The current study aimed to investigate how affect labeling in affective ambiguity influences emotion regulation effects on the subjective intensity of feelings, skin conductance level, and skin conductance response. Participants were asked to rate the intensity of their feelings after being presented with images of clear facial expressions for the prototypical condition and morphed facial expressions for the ambiguous condition. In addition, participants assigned to the labeling group selected the emotion word that best matched their own feelings during the stimulus presentation. As a result, affect labeling increased skin conductance responses during presentation only in the prototypical condition, suggesting the possibility of different effects according to affective ambiguity. However, both subjective and physiological responses did not decline, contrary to previous research. We discuss the consequences and the experimental characteristics, and propose a direction for future research.

Affective Context of Sadness and Physiological Response Patterns

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry M. Davydov ◽  
Emmanuelle Zech ◽  
Olivier Luminet
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Pulse Transit Time ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses ◽  
Facial Behavior ◽  
Facial Activity ◽  
Negative Feelings

This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that two films that induce a sad feeling would elicit different physiological responses depending on an additional context of the film contents related to either avoidance (disgust) or attachment (tenderness). Reactivity was evaluated for facial behavior, heart rate, pulse transit time, skin conductance, and subjective experience. Participants reported feeling less happy and showed increased facial activity related to the sad content of both films. The sad film related to avoidance induced an increase in skin conductance level and response rate. In contrast, the sad film related to attachment induced a decrease in amplitude of skin conductance responses and heart rate. The study showed that while the common sad content of both films disturbed mood or provoked negative feelings, additional affective contexts induced either a decrease or an increase in physiological arousal.

scholarly journals Agents' pivotality and reward fairness modulate sense of agency in cooperative joint action

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solène Le Bars ◽  
Alexandre Devaux ◽  
Tena Nevidal ◽  
Valerian Chambon ◽  
Elisabeth Pacherie
Keyword(s):  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Joint Action ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Sense Of Agency ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control ◽  
Individual Motor

The sense of agency (SoA) experienced in joint action is an essential subjective dimension of human cooperativeness, but we still know little about the specific factors that contribute to its emergence or alteration. In the present study, dyads of participants were instructed to coordinate their key presses to move a cursor up to a specific target (i.e., to achieve a common goal). We applied random deviations on the cursor’s trajectory to manipulate the motor fluency of the joint action, while the agents’ motor roles were either balanced (i.e., equivalent) or unbalanced (i.e., one agent contributed more than the other), making the agents more or less pivotal to the joint action. Then, the final outcomes were shared equally, fairly (i.e., reflecting individual motor contributions) or arbitrarily in an all-or none fashion, between the co-agents. Self and joint SoA were measured through self-reports about feeling of control (FoC), and electrodermal activity was recorded during the whole motor task. We observed that self and joint FoC were reduced in the case of low motor fluency, pointing out the importance of sensorimotor cues for both I- and we-modes. Moreover, while self FoC was reduced in the low pivotality condition (i.e., low motor role), joint FoC was significantly enhanced when agents’ roles and rewards were symmetrical (i.e. equal). Skin conductance responses to rewards were impacted by the way outcomes were shared between partners (i.e., fairly, equally or arbitrarily) but not by the individual gains, which demonstrates the sensitivity of low-level physiological reactions to external signs of fairness. Skin conductance level was also reduced in the fair context, where rewards were shared according to individual motor contributions, relative to the all-or-none context, which could mirror the feeling of effective responsibility and control over actions’ outcomes.

scholarly journals Ambulatory assessment of physiological arousal, emotion, and alcohol use

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Rachel L. Tomko
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses

Research examining whether negative affect leads to drinking has produced mixed results (Greeley and Oei, 1999; Sher and Grekin, 2007). The current project enlisted participants (n=43) oversampled for affective instability, arguably making them at higher risk for negative affect-driven alcohol consumption. The goals of this study were to 1) validate an ambulatory device for measuring electrodermal activity (EDA) and to 2) examine the relations between emotion, EDA, and alcohol use in real-time. Multiple self-reports of emotion, alcohol use, and behavior were obtained from participants each day over the course of one week using electronic diaries. EDA was assessed continuously during waking hours. The results suggested that ambulatory measurement of EDA is feasible, and agreement between ambulatory measures and traditional laboratory measures was moderate to high for number of skin conductance responses per minute. Skin conductance level was less consistent across measures. With regard to ambulatory findings, high negative affect and high arousal states during the day were generally related to decreased likelihood of same-day drinking and decreased estimated blood alcohol concentration, while positive affect was related to increased likelihood of drinking. Hostility and number of skin conductance responses interacted, such that low hostility and low arousal was related to greater amounts of alcohol consumed. In sum, negative affect and arousal were related to alcohol use in real-time, but effects were small and both were generally protective against alcohol consumption at the day-level. This study helps to clarify the role of arousal in affect-related drinking, while also adding to accumulating evidence that suggests negative affect-related drinking may not be an immediate coping response. Positive-affect drinking may be most relevant in early stages of alcohol use, even in an emotionally dysregulated sample.

scholarly journals Dynamics of alpha suppression and enhancement may be related to resource competition in cross-modal cortical regions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace M Clements ◽  
Mate Gyurkovics ◽  
Kathy A Low ◽  
Diane M Beck ◽  
Monica Fabiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
Auditory Task ◽  
Theta Power ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
The Face ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
Listening Task

In the face of multiple sensory streams, there may be competition for processing resources in multimodal cortical area devoted to establishing representations. In such cases, alpha oscillations may serve to maintain the relevant representations and protect them from interference, whereas theta oscillations may facilitate their updating when needed. It can be hypothesized that these oscillations would differ in response to an auditory stimulus when the eyes are open or closed, as intermodal resource competition may be more prominent in the former than in the latter case. Across two studies we investigated the role of alpha and theta power in multimodal competition using an auditory task with the eyes open and closed, respectively enabling and disabling visual processing in parallel with the incoming auditory stream. In a passive listening task (Study 1a), we found alpha suppression following a pip tone with both eyes open and closed, but subsequent alpha enhancement only with closed eyes. We replicated this eyes-closed alpha enhancement in an independent sample (Study 1b). In an active auditory oddball task (Study 2), we again observed the eyes open/eyes closed alpha pattern found in Study 1 and also demonstrated that the more attentionally demanding oddball trials elicit the largest oscillatory effects. Theta power did not interact with eye status in either study. We propose a hypothesis to account for the findings in which alpha may be endemic to multimodal cortical areas in addition to visual ones.

Electrodermal Responding and Chlorpromazine Treatment in Schizophrenia

1987 ◽  
Vol 150 (6) ◽  
pp. 850-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stavroula Yannitsi ◽  
Aris Liakos ◽  
Yannis Papakostas
Keyword(s):  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Psychiatric Rating ◽  
Psychiatric Rating Scale ◽  
Drug Free

Skin conductance level (SCL) and skin conductance responses (SCR) to a random series of tones were measured in 25 drug-free schizophrenic patients, 15 male and 10 female, before and after standard chlorpromazine treatment. The DSM-III diagnostic criteria were used for selecting subjects. Psychopathology was measured with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. After treatment, patients showed an improved psychopathology and decreased SCL. There was a transition of patients to lower response categories: the number of responders decreased twice and the number of non-responders increased three times. Responders exhibited significantly higher SCL than non-responders and fast habituators were between the two groups.

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