Disparities in Women’s Prison Sentences: Exploring the Nexus Between Motherhood, Drug Offense, and Sentence Length

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahram Cho ◽  
Melinda Tasca
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Incarcerated Women ◽  
Sentence Length ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Drug Offenders ◽  
Focal Concerns ◽  
Drug Offense ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Women's Prison ◽  
Self Report Data

Drawing upon focal concerns and familial paternalism frameworks, we explore the effects of motherhood, various maternal indicators, and type of offense on prison sentences using official and self-report data on 419 incarcerated women in the United States. Results revealed that drug offenders were sentenced more leniently than other offenders, whereas mothers were not sentenced differently from women without children. Mothers who lived with their children received shorter prison terms than mothers who were absent prior to arrest. This study fills gaps in knowledge on discretion in punishment in light of growing rates of female imprisonment.

Using statewide administrative data and brief mental health screening to estimate the prevalence of mental illness among probationers

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonya B. Van Deinse ◽  
Gary S. Cuddeback ◽  
Amy Blank Wilson ◽  
Michael Lambert ◽  
Daniel Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Community Supervision ◽  
Mental Health Assessment ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data

There is little published information about the measures that probation agencies in the United States use to identify individuals with mental illnesses who are under community supervision. This study used statewide administrative data to estimate and compare the prevalence of mental illnesses among probationers using officer report and offender self-report data. Prevalence estimates of mental illnesses ranged from 15 percent to 19 percent, which is consistent with prior studies that used formal diagnostic assessments. In the absence of costly and time-consuming diagnostic assessments, probation agency-developed mental health scales can aid in identifying those who might be in need of additional mental health assessment.

scholarly journals Avatar Web-Based Self-Report Survey System Technology for Public Health Research: Technical Outcome Results and Lessons Learned

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Savel ◽  
Stan Mierzwa ◽  
Pamina M Gorbach ◽  
Samir Souidi ◽  
Michelle Lally ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Survey System ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data

This paper reports on a specific Web-based self-report data collection system that was developed for a public health research study in the United States. Our focus is on technical outcome results and lessons learned that may be useful to other projects requiring such a solution. The system was accessible from any device that had a browser that can support HTML5. Report findings include: which hardware devices, Web browsers, and operating systems were used, the rate of survey completion, and key considerations for employing Web-based surveys in a clinical trial setting. 

The Role of Parental Status and Involvement in Sentence Length Decisions: A Comparison of Men and Women Sentenced to Prison

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (14) ◽  
pp. 1899-1924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda Tasca ◽  
Ahram Cho ◽  
Cassia Spohn ◽  
Nancy Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Parental Involvement ◽  
Sentence Length ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Parental Status ◽  
Prison Sentence ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data

Drawing upon familial paternalism theory, this study explores the effects of parental status and involvement on prison sentence length among men and women. To carry out this research, we relied on a combination of official and self-report data on 919 offenders sentenced to prison in Arizona. Results revealed that parents were not sentenced significantly differently from offenders without children; although women and mothers were punished more severely than their male counterparts. In addition, mothers who lived with their children before arrest received shorter prison terms than mothers who were uninvolved in their lives. Parental involvement was not a significant predictor of fathers’ prison sentences, however. This study illuminates the complex interplay between parenthood, gender, and sentencing.

scholarly journals Robust evidence for bisexual orientation among men

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (31) ◽  
pp. 18369-18377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Jabbour ◽  
Luke Holmes ◽  
David Sylva ◽  
Kevin J. Hsu ◽  
Theodore L. Semon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Erotic Stimuli ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Male Sexual Orientation ◽  
Self Report Data

The question whether some men have a bisexual orientation—that is, whether they are substantially sexually aroused and attracted to both sexes—has remained controversial among both scientists and laypersons. Skeptics believe that male sexual orientation can only be homosexual or heterosexual, and that bisexual identification reflects nonsexual concerns, such as a desire to deemphasize homosexuality. Although most bisexual-identified men report that they are attracted to both men and women, self-report data cannot refute these claims. Patterns of physiological (genital) arousal to male and female erotic stimuli can provide compelling evidence for male sexual orientation. (In contrast, most women provide similar physiological responses to male and female stimuli.) We investigated whether men who self-report bisexual feelings tend to produce bisexual arousal patterns. Prior studies of this issue have been small, used potentially invalid statistical tests, and produced inconsistent findings. We combined nearly all previously published data (from eight previous studies in the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada), yielding a sample of 474 to 588 men (depending on analysis). All participants were cisgender males. Highly robust results showed that bisexual-identified men’s genital and subjective arousal patterns were more bisexual than were those who identified as exclusively heterosexual or homosexual. These findings support the view that male sexual orientation contains a range, from heterosexuality, to bisexuality, to homosexuality.

Understanding Characteristics of Victims and Perpetrators of Anti-LGBT Hate Crimes in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liz Coston
Keyword(s):  
Hate Crime ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hate Crimes ◽  
Self Report ◽  
National Crime Victimization Survey ◽  
Crime Victimization ◽  
Police Data ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Using Data

This article examines the effects of victim and perpetrator characteristics on the seriousness of anti-lesbian, gay, bisexual (LGB) and anti-transgender (T) hate crime incidents, as there are limited and contradictory findings regarding characteristics that contribute to anti-LGB(T) hate crimes. This analysis uses a series of χ2 tests to examine the importance of these characteristics using data from the 2003–2013 National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), and a partial proportional odds model for data from the 2012 Uniform Crime Report (UCR) Hate Crime Data to examine differences in seriousness among LGB and T victims. This study finds that victim characteristics may not impact victimization in the ways suggested by previous studies. Additionally, the importance of offender race is largely impacted by whether the data are self-report data or police data.

scholarly journals Sibling Bullying in Turkish Adolescents: Translation and Cross-Cultural Validation of the Sibling Bullying Questionnaire

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emre Deniz ◽  
Pelin Derinalp ◽  
Ilayda Gulkanat ◽  
Cagla Kaz ◽  
Neslihan Ozhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Report ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
High Level

AbstractThe primary aim of this study was to translate the Sibling Bullying Questionnaire (SBQ) into Turkish and validate it. A secondary aim was to estimate the prevalence of sibling bullying in Turkish adolescents. The SBQ was translated by a team of English-Turkish bilinguals. Self-report data were collected from Turkish adolescents (N = 301) aged 10 to 18 years old (mean age = 14.25 years, SD = 2.46). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to confirm the factor structure of the newly translated Turkish SBQ (T-SBQ). Descriptive analyses were then conducted to report the characteristics of the sample and the prevalence of sibling bullying. CFA confirmed the original two-factor structure of the T-SBQ indicating that a first-order correlated two-factor model shows the best fit: x2=160.33 (p < 0.001), df = 61, RMSEA = 0.07, CFI = 0.95 and TLI = 0.93. The T-SBQ showed satisfactory levels of internal consistency in victimisation (α = 0.84) and perpetration (α = 0.83) subscales, excellent reliability in the overall test scale (α = 0.90), and a high level of convergent validity when compared with the Revised Sibling Bullying Questionnaire (α = 0.79). In terms of sibling bullying prevalence, approximately half of the adolescents (51%) reported having been involved in some form of sibling bullying in the preceding six months, either as pure-victim (18%), pure-bully (3%) or bully-victim (30%). This result aligns with the findings from other countries such as the United States (41%), Israel (51%), and the United Kingdom (49%). The T-SBQ is valid and reliable in measuring sibling bullying in Turkish adolescents and sibling bullying is prevalent in the lives of Turkish adolescents.

Correlating Personality and Actual Phone Usage

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Montag ◽  
Konrad Błaszkiewicz ◽  
Bernd Lachmann ◽  
Ionut Andone ◽  
Rayna Sariyska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Voice Calls

In the present study we link self-report-data on personality to behavior recorded on the mobile phone. This new approach from Psychoinformatics collects data from humans in everyday life. It demonstrates the fruitful collaboration between psychology and computer science, combining Big Data with psychological variables. Given the large number of variables, which can be tracked on a smartphone, the present study focuses on the traditional features of mobile phones – namely incoming and outgoing calls and SMS. We observed N = 49 participants with respect to the telephone/SMS usage via our custom developed mobile phone app for 5 weeks. Extraversion was positively associated with nearly all related telephone call variables. In particular, Extraverts directly reach out to their social network via voice calls.

Articles Published in EJPA 2009–2010

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuulia M. Ortner ◽  
Isabella Vormittag
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Assessment ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Related Field ◽  
Broad Scope ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data

With reference to EJPA’s unique and broad scope, the current study analyzed the characteristics of the authors as well as the topics and research aims of the 69 empirical articles published in the years 2009–2010. Results revealed that more than one third of the articles were written by authors affiliated with more than one country. With reference to their research aims, an almost comparable number of articles (1) presented a new measure, (2) dealt with adaptations of measures, or (3) dealt with further research on existing measures. Analyses also revealed that most articles did not address any particular field of application. The second largest group was comprised of articles related to the clinical field, followed by the health-related field of application. The majority of all articles put their focus on investigating questionnaires or rating scales, and only a small number of articles investigated procedures classified as tests or properties of interviews. As to further characteristics of the method(s) used, a majority of EJPA contributions addressed self-report data. Results are discussed with reference to publication demands as well as the current and future challenges and demands of psychological assessment.

Does Dispositional Mindfulness Predict the Development of Grit?

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buaphrao Raphiphatthana ◽  
Paul Jose ◽  
Karen Salmon
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Dispositional Mindfulness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Acting With Awareness ◽  
Mindfulness Facets

Abstract. Grit, that is, perseverance and passion for long-term goals, is a novel construct that has gained attention in recent years ( Duckworth, Peterson, Matthews, & Kelly, 2007 ). To date, little research has been performed with the goal of identifying the antecedents of grit. Thus, in order to fill this gap in the literature, self-report data were collected to examine whether mindfulness, a mindset of being-in-the-present in a nonjudgmental way, plays a role in fostering grittiness. Three hundred and forty-three undergraduate students completed an online survey once in a cross-sectional study, and of these, 74 students completed the survey again 4.5 months later. Although the cross-sectional analyses identified a number of positive associations between mindfulness and grit, the longitudinal analysis revealed that the mindfulness facets of acting with awareness and non-judging were the most important positive predictors of grit 4.5 months later. This set of findings offers implications for future grit interventions.

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